/Users/andrea/_magisterarbeit/korpus/clean/testkorpus/29/file10.html NN ----------------------------------------- : Home NP My NP Page NP Health NP Travel NP Driving NP Events NNS Recreation NP Home NP Garden NP World NP Maps NNS Mobile NP Weather NP Tools NP Store NP Notify VV . SENT weather NN . SENT com NN GoldMy NP PageMy NP ProfileClose NP Window NN Weather NP Classroom NN Dave's NP Dictionary NP Weather NP Encyclopedia NN Weather NP Glossary NN SafeSide NP SunReady NP LocalWeather NP Weather NP Glossary NN A NP B NP C NP D NP E NP F NP G NP H NP I NP J NP K NP L NP M NP N NP O NP P NN Q NP R NP S NP T NN U NP V NN W NP X NP Y NP Z NP C NP CALM JJ Atmospheric JJ conditions NNS devoid JJ of IN wind NN or CC any DT other JJ air NN motion NN . SENT In IN oceanic JJ terms NNS , , it PP is VBZ the DT apparent JJ absence NN of IN motion NN of IN the DT water NN surface NN when WRB there EX is VBZ no DT wind NN or CC swell NN . SENT CALORIE NN In IN meteorology NN , , it PP is VBZ the DT amount NN of IN heat NN required VVN to TO raise VV the DT temperature NN of IN one CD 1 CD gram NN of IN water NN one CD 1 CD degree NN Celsius JJ . SENT It PP is VBZ a DT unit NN of IN heat NN energy NN . SENT CAP NN Composed VVN of IN a DT layer NN of IN warmer JJR , , dryer JJR air NN aloft RB which WDT may MD suppress VV or CC delay VV the DT development NN of IN thunderstorms NNS . SENT As IN an DT air NN parcel NN rises VVZ , , it PP becomes VVZ cooler JJR relative JJ to TO the DT ambient JJ , , or CC surrounding VVG , , air NN in IN the DT cap NN and CC therefore RB , , less RBR buoyant JJ and CC unable JJ to TO rise VV further RBR . SENT Also RB referred VVN to TO as IN a DT lid NN . SENT CAPE NN Acronym NN for IN Convective JJ Available JJ Potential JJ Energy NN . SENT The DT amount NN of IN energy NN available JJ to TO create VV convection NN , , with IN higher JJR values NNS increasing VVG the DT possibility NN for IN severe JJ weather NN . SENT CAPE NN VERDE NP ISLANDS NNS A DT group NN of IN volcanic JJ islands NNS in IN the DT eastern JJ Atlantic NP Ocean NP off IN the DT coast NN of IN West NP Africa NP . SENT A DT Cape NP Verde NP hurricane NN originates VVZ near IN here RB . SENT CARBON NN DIOXIDE NN CO NP 2 CD A DT heavy JJ , , colorless JJ gas NN that WDT is VBZ the DT fourth JJ most RBS abundant JJ constituent NN of IN dry JJ air NN , , comprising VVG 0 CD . SENT 033 CD of IN the DT total NN . SENT CATALINA NP EDDY NN A DT weak JJ low JJ pressure NN circulation NN that WDT may MD form VV off RP the DT Southern NP California NP coast NN . SENT CEILING NN The DT lowest JJS cloud NN layer NN that WDT is VBZ reported VVN as IN broken JJ or CC overcast JJ . SENT If IN the DT sky NN is VBZ totally RB obscured VVD , , then RB it PP is VBZ the DT height NN of IN the DT vertical JJ visibility NN . SENT Related JJ terms NNS . SENT measured VVN ceiling NN and CC variable JJ ceiling NN CEILING NN LIGHT NN An DT instrument NN consisting VVG of IN a DT drum VV and CC an DT optical JJ system NN that WDT projects VVZ a DT narrow JJ vertical JJ beam NN of IN light NN onto IN a DT cloud NN base NN . SENT CEILOMETER NN An DT instrument NN that WDT is VBZ used VVN to TO measure VV the DT angular JJ elevation NN of IN a DT projected VVN light NN on IN the DT base NN of IN a DT cloud NN . SENT It PP measures VVZ the DT angle NN of IN the DT cloud NN base NN included VVD by IN the DT observer NN or CC machine NN , , the DT ceiling NN light NN and CC the DT illuminated VVN spot NN on IN the DT cloud NN . SENT CELESTIAL JJ EQUATOR NN The DT projection NN of IN the DT plane NN of IN the DT geographical JJ equator NN upon IN the DT celestial JJ sphere NN . SENT CELESTIAL JJ SPHERE NN The DT apparent JJ sphere NN of IN infinite JJ radius NN having VHG the DT earth NN as IN its PP$ center NN . SENT All DT heavenly JJ bodies NNS planets NNS , , stars NNS , , etc FW . SENT appear VV on IN the DT inner JJ surface NN of IN this DT sphere NN and CC the DT sun NN moves VVZ along IN the DT ecliptic NN . SENT CELSIUS JJ TEMPERATURE NN SCALE NN A DT temperature NN scale NN where WRB water NN at IN sea NN level NN has VHZ a DT freezing NN point NN of IN 0 CD C NP Celsius JJ and CC a DT boiling VVG point NN of IN 100 CD C NP . SENT More RBR commonly RB used VVN in IN areas NNS that WDT observe VVP the DT metric JJ system NN of IN measurement NN . SENT Created VVN by IN Anders NP Celsius JJ in IN 1742 CD . SENT In IN 1948 CD , , the DT Ninth JJ General NP Conference NN on IN Weights NNS and CC Measures NNS replaced VVD degree NN centigrade JJ with IN degree NN Celsius JJ . SENT Related JJ term NN . SENT Centigrade JJ CENTRAL JJ PRESSURE NN The DT atmospheric JJ pressure NN at IN the DT center NN of IN a DT high JJ or CC low JJ . SENT It PP is VBZ the DT highest JJS pressure NN in IN a DT high JJ and CC the DT lowest JJS pressure NN in IN a DT low JJ , , referring VVG to TO the DT sea NN level NN pressure NN of IN the DT system NN on IN a DT surface NN chart NN . SENT CENTRIFUGAL JJ FORCE NN The DT apparent JJ force NN in IN a DT rotating VVG system NN that WDT deflects VVZ masses NNS radially RB outward RB from IN the DT axis NN of IN rotation NN . SENT This DT force NN increases VVZ towards IN the DT equator NN and CC decreases NNS towards IN the DT poles NNS . SENT CENTRIPETAL JJ FORCE NN The DT force NN required VVN to TO keep VV an DT object NN moving VVG in IN a DT curved VVN or CC circular JJ path NN . SENT It PP is VBZ directed VVN inwards RB toward IN the DT center NN of IN the DT curved VVN path NN . SENT CHARLES NP LAW NP States NPS that IN when WRB the DT pressure NN is VBZ held VVN constant JJ , , the DT volume NN of IN a DT gas NN varies VVZ directly RB with IN the DT temperature NN . SENT Therefore RB , , if IN the DT pressure NN remains VVZ constant JJ , , the DT volume NN of IN a DT gas NN will MD increase VV with IN the DT increase NN of IN temperature NN . SENT It PP was VBD developed VVN by IN Jacques NP Charles NP and CC is VBZ also RB known VVN as IN the DT Charles NP Guy NP Lussac NP Law NP . SENT CHEMOSPHERE NN A DT vaguely RB defined VVN region NN of IN the DT upper JJ atmosphere NN in IN which WDT photochemical JJ reactions NNS take VVP place NN . SENT It PP includes VVZ the DT top NN of IN the DT stratosphere NN , , all RB of IN the DT mesosphere NN , , and CC sometimes RB the DT lower JJR part NN of IN the DT thermosphere NN . SENT CHEYENNE NP FOG NN An DT upslope NN fog NN formed VVN by IN the DT westward RB flow NN of IN air NN from IN the DT Missouri NP River NP Valley NP , , producing VVG fog NN on IN the DT eastern JJ slopes NNS of IN the DT Rockies NP . SENT CHINOOK NN A DT type NN of IN foehn NN wind NN . SENT Refers VVZ to TO the DT warm JJ downslope NN wind NN in IN the DT Rocky NP Mountains NP that WDT may MD occur VV after IN an DT intense JJ cold JJ spell NN when WRB the DT temperature NN could MD rise VV by IN 20 CD F NN to TO 40 CD F NN in IN a DT matter NN of IN minutes NNS . SENT Related JJ term NN . SENT Snow NN Eater NN and CC Dave's NP Dictionary NP CHOCOLATTA NP NORTH RB A DT West JJ Indian JJ gale NN that IN blows NNS from IN the DT northwest RB . SENT CHROMOSPHERE NN A DT thin JJ layer NN of IN relatively RB transparent JJ gases NNS above IN the DT photosphere NN of IN the DT sun NN . SENT It PP is VBZ observed VVN best RBS during IN a DT total NN eclipse VV of IN the DT sun NN . SENT CIRCULATION NN The DT flow NN or CC motion NN of IN a DT fluid NN in IN or CC through IN a DT given VVN area NN or CC volume NN . SENT In IN meteorology NN , , it PP is VBZ used VVN to TO describe VV the DT flow NN of IN air NN as IN it PP moves VVZ around IN a DT pressure NN system NN in IN the DT atmosphere NN . SENT It PP describes VVZ smaller JJR patterns NNS in IN semi NN permanent JJ pressure NN systems NNS as RB well RB as IN the DT relatively RB permanent JJ global JJ currents NNS of IN air NN . SENT In IN oceanic JJ terms NNS , , it PP is VBZ used VVN to TO describe VV a DT water NN in IN current JJ flow NN within IN a DT large JJ area NN , , usually RB a DT closed JJ circular JJ pattern NN such JJ as IN in IN the DT North NP Atlantic NP . SENT CIRCULATION NN CELLS NNS Large JJ areas NNS of IN air NN movement NN created VVN by IN the DT rotation NN of IN the DT earth NN and CC the DT transfer NN of IN heat NN from IN the DT equator NN toward IN the DT poles NNS . SENT Circulation NN is VBZ confined VVN to TO a DT specific JJ region NN , , such JJ as IN the DT tropics NNS , , temperate JJ , , or CC polar JJ , , that WDT influences VVZ the DT type NN of IN weather NN prevailing VVG there RB . SENT CIRRIFORM JJ Clouds NNS composed VVN of IN small JJ particles NNS , , mostly RB ice NN crystals NNS . SENT Because IN the DT particles NNS are VBP fairly RB widely RB dispersed VVD , , this DT usually RB results NNS in IN relative JJ transparency NN and CC whiteness NN , , often RB producing VVG a DT halo NN phenomena NNS not RB observed VVD in IN other JJ clouds NNS forms NNS . SENT These DT clouds NNS generally RB have VHP bases NNS above IN 20 CD , , 000 CD feet NNS in IN the DT mid JJ latitudes NNS , , and CC are VBP classified VVN as IN high JJ clouds NNS . SENT They PP include VVP all DT varieties NNS of IN cirrus NN , , cirrocumulus NN , , and CC cirrostratus NN clouds NNS . SENT CIRROCUMULUS NN A DT cirriform JJ cloud NN with IN vertical JJ development NN , , appearing VVG as IN a DT thin JJ sheet NN of IN small JJ white JJ puffs NNS which WDT give VVP it PP a DT rippled VVN effect NN . SENT It PP often RB creates VVZ a DT mackerel NN sky NN , , since IN the DT ripples NNS may MD look VV like IN fish NN scales NNS . SENT Sometimes RB it PP is VBZ confused VVN with IN altocumulus NN , , however RB , , it PP has VHZ smaller JJR individual JJ masses NNS and CC does VVZ not RB cast VV a DT shadow NN on IN other JJ elements NNS . SENT It PP is VBZ also RB the DT least JJS common JJ cloud NN type NN , , often RB forming VVG from IN cirrus NN or CC cirrostratus NN , , with IN which WDT it PP is VBZ associated VVN in IN the DT sky NN . SENT CIRROSTRATUS NN A DT cirriform JJ cloud NN that WDT develops VVZ from IN cirrus NN spreading VVG out RP into IN a DT thin JJ layer NN , , creating VVG a DT flat JJ sheetlike JJ appearance NN . SENT It PP can MD give VV the DT sky NN a DT slightly RB milky JJ or CC veiled VVN look NN . SENT When WRB viewed VVN from IN the DT surface NN of IN the DT earth NN , , these DT ice NN crystals NNS can MD create VV a DT halo NN effect NN around IN the DT sun NN or CC moon NN . SENT This DT cloud NN is VBZ a DT good JJ precursor NN of IN precipitation NN , , indicating VVG it PP may MD occur VV within IN 12 CD to TO 24 CD hours NNS . SENT CIRRUS NN One CD of IN the DT three CD basic JJ cloud NN forms VVZ the DT others NNS are VBP cumulus NN and CC stratus NN . SENT It PP is VBZ also RB one CD of IN the DT three CD high JJ cloud NN types NNS . SENT Cirrus NN are VBP thin JJ , , wispy JJ clouds NNS composed VVN of IN ice NN crystals NNS and CC often RB appear VVP as RB veil VV patches NNS or CC strands NNS . SENT In IN the DT mid JJ latitudes NNS , , cloud NN bases NNS are VBP usually RB found VVN between IN 20 CD , , 000 CD to TO 30 CD , , 000 CD feet NNS , , and CC it PP is VBZ the DT highest JJS cloud NN that IN forms NNS in IN the DT sky NN , , except IN for IN the DT tops NNS , , or CC anvils NNS , , of IN cumulonimbus NN , , which WDT occasionally RB build VV to TO excessive JJ heights NNS . SENT Related JJ term NN . SENT Dave's NP Dictionary NP CIVIL JJ TWILIGHT NN The DT time NN between IN the DT moment NN of IN sunset NN , , when WRB the DT sun's JJ apparent JJ upper JJ edge NN is VBZ just RB at IN the DT horizon NN , , until IN the DT center NN of IN the DT sun NN is VBZ 6 CD directly RB below IN the DT horizon NN . SENT Related JJ term NN . SENT twilight NN CLEAR VV The DT state NN of IN the DT sky NN when WRB no DT clouds NNS or CC obscurations NNS are VBP observed VVN or CC detected VVN from IN the DT point NN of IN observation NN . SENT CLEAR JJ AIR NN TURBULENCE NN Name NN given VVN to TO turbulence NN that WDT may MD occur VV in IN perfectly RB clear JJ air NN without IN any DT visual JJ in IN warning VVG in IN the DT form NN of IN clouds NNS . SENT It PP is VBZ often RB found VVN in IN the DT vicinity NN of IN the DT jet NN stream NN where WRB large JJ shears NNS in IN the DT horizontal JJ and CC vertical JJ are VBP found VVN , , although IN this DT turbulence NN is VBZ not RB limited VVN just RB to TO jet NN stream NN locale NN . SENT Other JJ areas NNS where WRB it PP may MD occur VV include VV near JJ mountains NNS , , in IN closed VVN lows NNS aloft RB , , and CC in IN regions NNS of IN wind NN shear NN . SENT May MD be VB referred VVN to TO as IN CAT NP . SENT CLEAR JJ ICE NN A DT glossy JJ , , clear JJ , , or CC translucent JJ ice NN formed VVN by IN the DT relatively RB slow JJ freezing NN of IN large JJ supercooled VVN in IN water NN droplets NNS . SENT The DT droplets NNS spread VVD out RP over IN an DT object NN , , such JJ as IN an DT aircraft NN wing's NNS leading VVG edge NN , , prior RB to TO complete VV freezing NN and CC forms VVZ a DT sheet NN of IN clear JJ ice NN . SENT Related JJ term NN . SENT glaze VV CLIMATE NN The DT historical JJ record NN and CC description NN of IN average JJ daily JJ and CC in IN seasonal JJ weather NN events NNS that WDT help VVP describe VV a DT region NN . SENT Statistics NNS are VBP generally RB drawn VVN over IN several JJ decades NNS . SENT The DT word NN is VBZ derived VVN from IN the DT Greek NP klima NP , , meaning NN inclination NN , , and CC reflects VVZ the DT importance NN early JJ scholars NNS attributed VVD to TO the DT sun's JJ influence NN . SENT CLIMATE NN ANALYSIS NN CENTER NN CAC NP The NP U NP . SENT S NP . SENT National NP Weather NP Service NP division NN that WDT applies VVZ new JJ technology NN and CC approaches VVZ to TO the DT analysis NN , , diagnosis NN , , and CC projection NN of IN short JJ term NN climate NN fluctuations NNS on IN a DT regional JJ and CC global JJ basis NN . SENT For IN further JJR information NN , , contact VV the DT CAC NP , , located VVN in IN Camp NP Spring NP , , Maryland NP . SENT CLIMATE NN PREDICTION NN CENTER NN CPC NP A DT branch NN of IN the DT National NP Centers NPS for IN Environmental NP Prediction NN , , the DT Center NP maintains VVZ a DT continuous JJ watch NN on IN short JJ term NN climate NN fluctuations NNS and CC diagnoses NNS and CC predicts VVZ them PP . SENT For IN further JJR information NN , , contact VV the DT CPC NP , , located VVN in IN Washington NP , , D NP . SENT C SYM . SENT CLIMATOLOGY NN The DT study NN of IN climate NN . SENT It PP includes VVZ climatic JJ data NNS , , the DT analysis NN of IN the DT causes NNS of IN the DT differences NNS in IN climate NN , , and CC the DT application NN of IN climatic JJ data NNS to TO the DT solution NN of IN specific JJ design NN or CC operational JJ problems NNS . SENT CLINOMETER NN An DT instrument NN used VVN to TO measure VV angles NNS of IN inclination NN . SENT Used VVN in IN conjunction NN with IN a DT ceiling NN light NN , , it PP determines VVZ cloud NN height NN at IN night NN , , based VVN on IN the DT angle NN of IN a DT projected VVN light NN on IN the DT clouds NNS , , the DT observer NN , , and CC the DT ceiling NN light NN . SENT CLOSED VVD LOW JJ A DT region NN of IN low JJ pressure NN distinguished VVD by IN a DT center NN of IN counterclockwise JJ circulation NN in IN the DT Northern NP Hemisphere NP , , and CC is VBZ surrounded VVN by IN one CD or CC more JJR isobars NNS or CC height NN contours NNS . SENT Closed JJ lows NNS aloft RB i NP . SENT e SYM . SENT , , above IN the DT surface NN may MD become VV disconnected VVN from IN the DT primary JJ westerly JJ flow NN and CC thus RB progress VV eastward RB more RBR slowly RB . SENT It PP is VBZ important JJ to TO note VV that IN a DT cutoff NN low NN is VBZ a DT closed JJ low NN , , but CC not RB all DT closed JJ lows NNS are VBP cutoff NN lows NNS . SENT CLOUD VV A DT visible JJ collection NN of IN minute JJ particle NN matter NN , , such JJ as IN water NN droplets NNS and CC or CC ice NN crystals NNS , , in IN the DT free JJ air NN . SENT A DT cloud NN forms NNS in IN the DT atmosphere NN as IN a DT result NN of IN condensation NN of IN water NN vapor NN . SENT Condensation NN nuclei NNS , , such JJ as IN in IN smoke NN or CC dust NN particles NNS , , form VV a DT surface NN upon IN which WDT water NN vapor NN can MD condense VV . SENT Related JJ term NN . SENT Dave's NP Dictionary NP CLOUD NN BANK NP A NP well RB defined VVD cloud NN mass NN that WDT can MD be VB observed VVN at IN a DT distance NN . SENT It PP covers VVZ the DT horizon NN , , but CC is VBZ not RB directly RB overhead JJ . SENT CLOUDBURST NN A DT sudden JJ , , heavy JJ rainfall NN of IN a DT showery JJ nature NN . SENT Related JJ term NN . SENT downburst NN COALESCENCE NN The DT merging VVG of IN two CD water NN drops NNS into IN a DT single JJ larger JJR drop NN . SENT COLD JJ A DT condition NN marked VVD by IN low JJ or CC decidedly RB subnormal JJ temperature NN . SENT The DT lack NN of IN heat NN . SENT Related JJ term NN . SENT Dave's NP Dictionary NP COLD JJ ADVECTION NN The DT horizontal JJ movement NN of IN colder JJR air NN into IN a DT location NN . SENT Contrast NN with IN warm JJ advection NN . SENT COLD JJ AIR NN FUNNEL VV Funnel VV clouds NNS , , usually RB short RB lived VVN , , that WDT develop VVP from IN relatively RB small JJ showers NNS or CC thunderstorms NNS when WRB the DT air NN aloft RB is VBZ very RB in IN cold NN . SENT Cold JJ air NN funnels NNS may MD touch VV down RB briefly RB , , but CC in IN general JJ are VBP less RBR violent JJ than IN most RBS other JJ types NNS of IN tornadoes NNS . SENT COLD JJ CORE JJ THUNDERSTORMS NNS Thunderstorms NNS formed VVD primarily RB due JJ to TO steep JJ lapse NN rates NNS , , especially RB when WRB very RB cold JJ air NN aloft RB overlies VVZ warmer JJR surface NN air NN . SENT COLD JJ FRONT NN The DT leading JJ edge NN of IN an DT advancing VVG cold JJ air NN mass NN that WDT is VBZ under IN running VVG and CC displacing VVG the DT warmer JJR air NN in IN its PP$ path NN . SENT Generally RB , , with IN the DT passage NN of IN a DT cold JJ front NN , , the DT temperature NN and CC humidity NN decrease NN , , the DT pressure NN rises VVZ , , and CC the DT wind NN shifts VVZ usually RB from IN the DT southwest NN to TO the DT northwest RB in IN the DT Northern NP Hemisphere NP . SENT Precipitation NN is VBZ generally RB at IN and CC or CC behind IN the DT front NN , , and CC with IN a DT fast JJ moving VVG system NN , , a DT squall NN line NN may MD develop VV ahead RB of IN the DT front NN . SENT Related JJ terms NNS . SENT occluded VVN front JJ and CC warm JJ front JJ COLD JJ HIGH NN A DT high JJ pressure NN system NN that WDT has VHZ its PP$ coldest JJS temperatures NNS at IN or CC near IN the DT center NN of IN circulation NN , , and CC horizontally RB , , is VBZ thermally RB barotropic JJ . SENT It PP is VBZ shallow JJ in IN nature NN , , as IN circulation NN decreases NNS with IN height NN . SENT Associated VVN with IN cold JJ Arctic NP air NN , , it PP is VBZ usually RB stationary JJ . SENT Also RB known VVN as IN a DT cold JJ core NN high NN . SENT Contrast NN with IN a DT warm JJ high NN . SENT COLD JJ LOW NN A DT low JJ pressure NN system NN that WDT has VHZ its PP$ coldest JJS temperatures NNS at IN or CC near IN the DT center NN of IN circulation NN , , and CC is VBZ thermally RB barotropic JJ with IN respect NN to TO a DT horizontal JJ plane NN . SENT Also RB known VVN as IN a DT cold JJ core NN low NN . SENT A DT cut NN off IN low NN is VBZ an DT example NN , , where WRB an DT isolated JJ pool NN of IN colder JJR air NN is VBZ located VVN south RB of IN the DT main JJ westerlies NNS . SENT COLD JJ WAVE NN A DT rapid JJ fall NN in IN temperature NN within IN twenty CD four CD hours NNS to TO temperatures NNS requiring VVG substantially RB increased VVN protection NN to TO agriculture NN , , industry NN , , commerce NN , , and CC social JJ activities NNS . SENT National NP Weather NP Service NP criteria NNS includes VVZ the DT rate NN of IN temperature NN fall NN and CC the DT minimum NN to TO which WDT it PP falls VVZ , , depending VVG on IN the DT region NN of IN the DT country NN and CC time NN of IN the DT in IN year NN . SENT The DT Weather NP Channel NP uses VVZ the DT following VVG criteria NNS for IN a DT cold JJ wave NN . SENT a DT cold JJ spell NN of IN two CD days NNS or CC more JJR with IN below IN normal JJ temperatures NNS in IN at IN least JJS fifteen CD states NNS , , with IN at IN least JJS five CD of IN them PP more JJR than IN fifteen CD degrees NNS below IN normal JJ . SENT COLLADA NP A DT strong JJ , , steady JJ wind NN blowing VVG from IN the DT north NN or CC northwest RB in IN the DT upper JJ part NN of IN the DT Gulf NP of IN California NP and CC from IN the DT northeast NN in IN the DT lower JJR part NN . SENT COLORADO NP LOW RB A DT low JJ pressure NN disturbance NN that IN forms NNS in IN the DT lee NN of IN the DT Rocky NP Mountains NP , , usually RB in IN southeastern JJ Colorado NP . SENT COMMA NN CLOUD VVP A DT feature NN seen VVN on IN satellite NN images NNS with IN a DT distinctive JJ comma NN shape NN . SENT This DT is VBZ indicative JJ of IN a DT synoptic JJ cloud NN pattern NN associated VVN with IN large JJ , , well RB developed VVN low JJ pressure NN systems NNS . SENT CONDENSATION NN The DT process NN by IN which WDT water NN vapor NN undergoes VVZ a DT change NN in IN state NN from IN a DT gas NN to TO a DT liquid NN . SENT It PP is VBZ the DT opposite JJ physical JJ process NN of IN evaporation NN . SENT CONDENSATION NN FUNNEL VV A DT funnel VV shaped JJ cloud NN consisting VVG of IN condensed JJ water NN drops NNS that WDT has VHZ possible JJ rotation NN . SENT CONDENSATION NN NUCLEI NNS A DT particle NN upon IN which WDT condensation NN of IN water NN vapor NN occurs VVZ . SENT It PP may MD be VB either RB in IN a DT solid JJ or CC liquid JJ state NN . SENT CONDITIONAL JJ INSTABILITY NN Stable JJ unsaturated JJ air NN that WDT will MD result VV in IN instability NN in IN the DT event NN or CC on IN the DT condition NN that IN the DT air NN becomes VVZ saturated VVN . SENT If IN the DT air NN is VBZ saturated VVN , , it PP is VBZ considered VVN unstable JJ . SENT if IN air NN is VBZ unsaturated JJ , , it PP is VBZ considered VVN stable JJ . SENT CONDUCTION NN The DT transfer NN of IN heat NN through IN a DT substance NN by IN molecular JJ action NN or CC from IN one CD substance NN by IN being VBG in IN contact NN with IN another DT . SENT CONFLUENCE NN A DT rate NN at IN which WDT wind VVP flow NN comes VVZ together RB along IN an DT axis NN oriented VVN normal JJ to TO the DT flow NN in IN question NN . SENT The DT opposite NN of IN diffluence NN . SENT CONSTANT JJ PRESSURE NN CHART VVP A DT chart NN of IN a DT constant JJ pressure NN surface NN in IN which WDT atmospheric JJ pressure NN is VBZ uniform JJ everywhere RB at IN any DT given VVN moment NN . SENT Elements NNS may MD include VV analyses NNS of IN height NN above IN sea NN level NN , , wind NN , , temperature NN , , and CC humidity NN . SENT CONSTANT JJ PRESSURE NN SURFACE NN A DT surface NN along IN which WDT the DT atmospheric JJ pressure NN is VBZ equal JJ everywhere RB . SENT CONTINENT NN A DT large JJ land NN mass NN rising VVG abruptly RB from IN the DT deep JJ ocean NN floor NN , , including VVG marginal JJ regions NNS that WDT are VBP shallowly RB submerged VVN . SENT Continents NNS constitute VVP about IN one CD third NN of IN the DT earth's JJ surface NN . SENT CONTINENTAL JJ AIR NN MASS NN An DT air NN mass NN with IN continental JJ characteristics NNS . SENT It PP is VBZ a DT secondary JJ characteristic NN of IN an DT air NN mass NN classification NN , , signified VVD by IN the DT small JJ c NN before IN the DT primary JJ characteristic NN , , which WDT is VBZ based VVN on IN source NN region NN . SENT For IN example NN , , cP NP is VBZ an DT air NN mass NN that WDT is VBZ continental JJ polar JJ in IN nature NN . SENT CONTINENTAL JJ SHELF NN The DT zone NN around IN the DT continents NNS extending VVG from IN the DT low JJ water NN mark NN seaward RB , , typically RB ending VVG in IN steep JJ slope NN to TO the DT depths NNS of IN the DT ocean NN floor NN . SENT CONTRAIL NN Acronym NN for IN CONdensation NN TRAIL NN . SENT A DT cloud NN like IN streamer NN or CC trail NN often RB seen VVN behind IN aircraft NN flying VVG in IN clear JJ , , cold JJ , , humid JJ air NN . SENT A DT vapor NN trail NN is VBZ created VVN when WRB the DT water NN vapor NN from IN the DT engine NN exhaust NN gases NNS are VBP added VVN to TO the DT atmosphere NN . SENT Related JJ term NN . SENT vapor NN trail NN CONVECTION NN Motions VVZ in IN a DT fluid NN that IN transport NN and CC mix VV the DT properties NNS of IN the DT fluid NN . SENT These DT properties NNS could MD be VB heat NN and CC or CC moisture NN . SENT When WRB used VVN to TO imply VV only RB upward RB vertical JJ motion NN , , it PP is VBZ then RB the DT opposite NN of IN subsidence NN . SENT CONVECTIVE JJ CONDENSATION NN LEVEL NN CCL NP The DT height NN at IN which WDT a DT parcel NN of IN air NN , , if IN heated VVN sufficiently RB from IN below RB , , will MD rise VV adiabatically RB until IN it PP is VBZ just RB saturated VVN . SENT CONVERGENCE NN Wind NP movement NN that IN results NNS in IN a DT horizontal JJ net JJ inflow NN of IN air NN into IN a DT particular JJ region NN . SENT Convergent JJ winds NNS at IN lower JJR levels NNS are VBP associated VVN with IN upward JJ motion NN . SENT Contrast NN with IN divergence NN . SENT COOLING VVG DEGREE NN DAY NN A DT cooling VVG degree NN day NN is VBZ given VVN for IN each DT degree NN that IN the DT daily JJ mean JJ temperature NN departs VVZ above IN the DT baseline NN of IN 75 CD degrees NNS Fahrenheit NN . SENT It PP is VBZ used VVN to TO estimate VV the DT energy NN requirements NNS and CC is VBZ an DT indication NN of IN fuel NN consumption NN for IN air NN conditioning NN or CC refrigeration NN . SENT Related JJ terms NNS . SENT degree NN day NN and CC heating NN degree NN day NN CORIOLIS NP EFFECT NN A DT force NN per IN unit NN mass NN that WDT arises VVZ solely RB from IN the DT earth's JJ rotation NN , , acting VVG as IN a DT deflecting VVG force NN . SENT It PP is VBZ dependent JJ on IN the DT latitude NN and CC the DT speed NN of IN the DT moving VVG object NN . SENT In IN the DT Northern NP Hemisphere NP , , air NN is VBZ deflected VVD to TO the DT right NN of IN its PP$ path NN , , while IN in IN the DT Southern NP Hemisphere NP , , air NN is VBZ deflected VVD to TO the DT left NN of IN its PP$ path NN . SENT It PP is VBZ greatest JJS at IN the DT poles NNS , , North NP and CC South NP , , and CC almost RB nonexistent JJ at IN the DT equator NN . SENT Related JJ term NN . SENT Dave's NP Dictionary NP COROMELL NP The DT prevailing JJ evening NN land NN breeze NN which WDT takes VVZ place NN from IN November NP to TO May NP in IN the DT vicinity NN of IN La NP Paz NP , , at IN the DT southern JJ tip NN of IN Baja NP California NP , , Mexico NP . SENT CORONA NN A DT pastel JJ halo NN around IN the DT moon NN or CC sun NN created VVN by IN the DT diffraction NN of IN water NN droplets NNS . SENT The DT droplets NNS in IN the DT cloud NN , , such JJ as IN cirrostratus NN , , and CC the DT cloud NN layer NN itself PP must MD be VB almost RB perfectly RB uniform JJ in IN order NN for IN this DT phenomena NNS to TO occur VV . SENT The DT color NN display NN sometimes RB appears VVZ to TO be VB iridescent JJ . SENT CORPOSANT NN A DT luminous JJ , , sporadic JJ , , and CC often RB audible JJ , , electric JJ discharge NN . SENT It PP occurs VVZ from IN objects NNS , , especially RB pointed VVN ones NNS , , when WRB the DT electrical JJ field NN strength NN near IN their PP$ surfaces NNS attains VVZ a DT value NN near IN 1000 CD volts NNS per IN centimeter NN . SENT It PP often RB occurs VVZ during IN stormy JJ weather NN and CC might MD be VB seen VVN on IN a DT ship's JJ mast NN or CC yardarm NN , , aircraft NN , , lightning NN rods NNS , , and CC steeples NNS . SENT Related JJ terms NNS . SENT corona NN discharge NN and CC St NP . SENT Elmo's NP Fire NP CREPUSCULAR JJ RAYS NNS Contrasting VVG , , alternating VVG bright JJ and CC dark JJ rays NNS in IN the DT sky NN . SENT Sunlight NP is VBZ scattered VVN by IN molecules NNS and CC particles NNS rendering VVG these DT bright JJ rays NNS visible JJ . SENT Contrast NN is VBZ enhanced VVN by IN haze NN , , dust NN , , or CC mist NN . SENT These DT rays NNS are VBP more RBR likely JJ to TO be VB seen VVN in IN the DT late JJ afternoon NN , , as IN clouds NNS come VVN between IN the DT sun NN and CC the DT observer NN . SENT A DT similar JJ effect NN occurs VVZ when WRB the DT sun NN shines VVZ though IN a DT break NN in IN a DT layer NN of IN clouds NNS . SENT CRYSTALLIZATION NN The DT process NN of IN a DT substance NN going VVG directly RB from IN a DT vapor NN form NN water NN vapor NN to TO a DT solid JJ ice NN at IN the DT same JJ temperature NN , , without IN going VVG through IN the DT liquid JJ phase NN water NN . SENT The DT opposite NN of IN sublimation NN . SENT CUMULIFORM JJ Clouds NNS composed VVN of IN water NN droplets NNS that IN exhibit NN vertical JJ development NN . SENT The DT density NN of IN the DT droplets NNS often RB blocks VVZ sunlight NN , , casting VVG shadows NNS on IN the DT earth's JJ surface NN . SENT With IN increasing VVG vertical JJ height NN , , they PP are VBP often RB associated VVN with IN convection NN . SENT Bases NNS of IN these DT clouds NNS are VBP generally RB no RB more JJR than IN 3 CD , , 000 CD feet NNS above IN the DT ground NN , , but CC they PP can MD develop VV past IN the DT troposphere NN in IN both DT temperate JJ and CC tropical JJ latitudes NNS . SENT They PP are VBP classified VVN as IN low JJ clouds NNS and CC include VVP all DT varieties NNS of IN cumulus NN and CC cumulonimbus NN . SENT The DT opposite NN in IN type NN are VBP the DT horizontal JJ development NN of IN stratiform JJ clouds NNS . SENT CUMULONIMBUS NN A DT vertically RB developed VVN cumulus NN cloud NN , , often RB capped VVN by IN an DT anvil NN shaped VVN cirriform JJ cloud NN . SENT Also RB called VVN a DT thunderstorm NN cloud NN , , it PP is VBZ frequently RB accompanied VVN by IN heavy JJ showers NNS , , lightning NN , , thunder NN , , and CC sometimes RB hail NN , , tornadoes NNS or CC strong JJ , , gusty JJ winds NNS . SENT CUMULONIMBUS NN MAMMATUS NN A DT portion NN of IN a DT cumulonimbus NN cloud NN that WDT appears VVZ as IN a DT pouch NN or CC udder NN on IN the DT under IN surface NN of IN the DT cloud NN . SENT Although IN they PP do VVP not RB cause VV severe JJ weather NN , , they PP often RB accompany VV storms NNS . SENT They PP may MD slowly RB vary VV in IN size NN , , since IN they PP are VBP an DT area NN of IN negative JJ buoyancy NN convection NN , , and CC is VBZ associated VVN with IN severe JJ turbulence NN in IN the DT lower JJR sections NNS of IN the DT cloud NN . SENT Related JJ terms NNS . SENT mammatocumulus NP and CC Dave's NP Dictionary NP CUMULUS NN One NN of IN the DT three CD basic JJ cloud NN forms VVZ the DT others NNS are VBP cirrus NN and CC stratus NN . SENT It PP is VBZ also RB one CD of IN the DT two CD low JJ cloud NN types NNS . SENT A DT cloud NN that WDT develops VVZ in IN a DT vertical JJ direction NN from IN the DT base NN bottom NN up RB . SENT They PP have VHP flat JJ bases NNS and CC dome NN or CC cauliflower NN shaped VVN upper JJ surfaces NNS . SENT The DT base NN of IN the DT cloud NN is VBZ often RB no RB more JJR than IN 3 CD , , 000 CD feet NNS above IN the DT ground NN , , but CC the DT top NN often RB varies VVZ in IN height NN . SENT Small JJ , , separate JJ cumulus NN are VBP associated VVN with IN fair JJ weather NN cumulus NN humilis NNS . SENT With IN additional JJ heating NN from IN the DT earth's JJ surface NN , , they PP can MD grow VV vertically RB throughout IN the DT day NN . SENT The DT top NN of IN such PDT a DT cloud NN can MD easily RB reach VV 20 CD , , 000 CD or CC more JJR into IN the DT troposphere NN . SENT Under IN certain JJ atmospheric JJ conditions NNS , , these DT clouds NNS can MD develop VV into IN larger JJR clouds NNS , , known VVN as IN towering JJ cumulus NN cumulus NN congestus NN , , and CC may MD produce VV a DT rain NN shower VV . SENT Further JJR development NN may MD create VV a DT cumulonimbus NN . SENT Related JJ term NN . SENT Dave's NP Dictionary NP CUMULUS NN CONGESTUS NP A NP strongly RB sprouting VVG cumulus NN cloud NN with IN generally RB sharp JJ outlines VVZ and CC often RB with IN great JJ vertical JJ development NN . SENT It PP may MD occur VV as IN tower NN like IN clouds NNS with IN cauliflower NN tops NNS . SENT These DT clouds NNS may MD produce VV abundant JJ showers NNS and CC may MD develop VV further RBR into IN cumulonimbus NN . SENT Related JJ term NN . SENT towering JJ cumulus NN CUMULUS NN FRACTUS NP Cumulus NN clouds NNS that WDT appear VVP in IN irregular JJ fragments NNS , , as RB if IN they PP had VHD been VBN shred NN or CC torn VVN . SENT Also RB appears VVZ in IN stratus NN clouds NNS called VVD stratus NN fractus NN , , but CC not RB in IN cirrus NN clouds NNS . SENT CUMULUS NN HUMILIS NP Cumulus NN clouds NNS with IN little JJ or CC no DT vertical JJ development NN characterized VVN by IN a DT generally RB flat JJ appearance NN . SENT Their PP$ growth NN is VBZ usually RB limited VVN by IN a DT temperature NN inversion NN , , which WDT is VBZ marked VVN by IN the DT unusually RB uniform JJ height NN of IN the DT clouds NNS . SENT Also RB called VVN fair JJ weather NN cumulus NN . SENT CUMULUS NN MEDIOCRIS NP Cumulus NN clouds NNS characterized VVN by IN moderate JJ vertical JJ development NN with IN upper JJ protuberances NNS not RB very RB marked VVN in IN appearance NN . SENT This DT cloud NN does VVZ not RB produce VV precipitation NN , , but CC could MD develop VV into IN towering JJ cumulus NN or CC cumulonimbus NN which WDT do VVP . SENT CURRENT JJ A DT horizontal JJ movement NN of IN water NN , , such JJ as IN the DT Gulf NP Stream NP off IN the DT east JJ coast NN of IN North NP America NP , , or CC air NN , , such JJ as IN the DT jet NN stream NN . SENT CUT VV OFF RP HIGH JJ A DT warm JJ high NN which WDT has VHZ become VVN displaced VVN and CC is VBZ on IN the DT polarward JJ side NN of IN the DT jet NN stream NN . SENT It PP occurs VVZ mostly RB during IN the DT spring NN and CC is VBZ most RBS frequent JJ over IN northeastern JJ Siberia NP , , Alaska NP , , and CC Greenland NP . SENT It PP is VBZ an DT example NN of IN a DT blocking VVG high NN . SENT CUT VV OFF RP LOW JJ A DT closed JJ cold JJ core NN low RB completely RB removed VVN from IN the DT primary JJ westerly JJ flow NN . SENT Cutoff NN lows NNS may MD remain VV detached VVN from IN the DT westerlies NNS for IN days NNS while IN exhibiting VVG very RB little RB forward RB eastward RB progress VV . SENT In IN some DT instances NNS , , a DT cutoff NN low RB may MD move VV to TO the DT west NN , , or CC retrograde JJ , , opposite JJ to TO the DT prevailing JJ flow NN . SENT It PP is VBZ important JJ to TO note VV that IN a DT cutoff NN low NN is VBZ a DT closed JJ low NN , , but CC not RB all DT closed JJ lows NNS are VBP cutoff NN lows NNS . SENT CYCLOGENESIS NP The DT process NN that WDT creates VVZ a DT new JJ low JJ pressure NN system NN or CC cyclone NN , , or CC intensifies VVZ a DT pre NP existing VVG one CD . SENT It PP is VBZ also RB the DT first JJ appearance NN of IN a DT trough NN . SENT CYCLONE NN An DT area NN of IN closed JJ pressure NN circulation NN with IN rotating VVG and CC converging VVG winds NNS , , the DT center NN of IN which WDT is VBZ a DT relative JJ pressure NN minimum NN . SENT The DT circulation NN is VBZ counterclockwise JJ in IN the DT Northern NP Hemisphere NP and CC clockwise RB in IN the DT Southern NP Hemisphere NP . SENT Also RB called VVN a DT low JJ pressure NN system NN and CC the DT term NN used VVN for IN a DT tropical JJ cyclone NN in IN the DT Indian NP Ocean NP . SENT Other JJ phenomena NNS with IN cyclonic JJ flow NN may MD be VB referred VVN to TO by IN this DT term NN , , such JJ as IN dust NN devils NNS , , tornadoes NNS , , and CC tropical JJ and CC extratropical JJ systems NNS . SENT The DT opposite NN of IN an DT anticyclone NN or CC a DT high JJ pressure NN system NN . SENT CYCLONIC JJ FLOW NN Winds NNS that IN blow NN in IN and CC around IN a DT cyclone NN , , that WDT is VBZ counterclockwise JJ in IN the DT Northern NP Hemisphere NP , , clockwise RB in IN the DT Southern NP Hemisphere NP . SENT Visit VV The DT Weather NP Channel NP Store NP Tell VV Us PP What WP You PP Think VVP Search NP the DT Web NP Copyright NP 1995 CD 2005 CD , , The DT Weather NP Channel NP Interactive NP , , Inc NP . SENT Your PP$ use NN of IN this DT site NN constitutes VVZ your PP$ acceptance NN of IN the DT LEGAL JJ RESTRICTIONS NNS AND CC TERMS NNS OF IN USE NN UPDATED VVN weather NN . SENT com NN Privacy NN Statement NN Licensed VVN by IN TRUSTe NP Parental JJ TV NP Controls NP