/Users/andrea/_magisterarbeit/korpus/clean/testkorpus/26/file8.html NN ----------------------------------------- : How WRB To TO Become VV A DT HackerEric NP Steven NP Raymond NP Thyrsus NN Enterprises NP esr NN thyrsus NN . SENT com NN Copyright NP 2001 CD Eric NP S NP . SENT RaymondRevision NP HistoryRevision NN 1 CD . SENT 3229 CD Jun NN 2005 CD esr NN Substantial JJ new JJ material NN on IN not RB solving VVG problems NNS twice RB . SENT Answer VV a DT FAQ NP on IN hacking JJ and CC open JJ source NN programming NN . SENT The DT three CD questions NNS that WDT reveal VVP if IN you PP are VBP already RB a DT hacker NN . SENT Revision NN 1 CD . SENT 3122 CD Mar NP 2005 CD esr NN Added VVD a DT link NN to TO another DT Paul NP Graham NP essay NN , , and CC advice NN on IN how WRB to TO pick VV a DT first JJ project NN . SENT More JJR translation NN link NN updates NNS . SENT Revision NN 1 CD . SENT 302 CD Mar NP 2005 CD esr NN Added VVN and CC updated VVN many JJ translation NN links NNS . SENT Table NN of IN ContentsWhy NP This DT Document NN . SENT What WP Is VBZ a DT Hacker NP . SENT The DT Hacker NP Attitude NN 1 CD . SENT The DT world NN is VBZ full JJ of IN fascinating JJ problems NNS waiting VVG to TO be VB solved VVN . SENT 2 LS . SENT No DT problem NN should MD ever RB have VH to TO be VB solved VVN twice RB . SENT 3 LS . SENT Boredom NN and CC drudgery NN are VBP evil JJ . SENT 4 LS . SENT Freedom NN is VBZ good JJ . SENT 5 LS . SENT Attitude NN is VBZ no DT substitute NN for IN competence NN . SENT Basic JJ Hacking NP Skills NNS 1 CD . SENT Learn VV how WRB to TO program NN . SENT 2 LS . SENT Get VV one PP of IN the DT open JJ source NN Unixes NNS and CC learn VVP to TO use VV and CC run VV it PP . SENT 3 LS . SENT Learn VV how WRB to TO use VV the DT World NP Wide NP Web NP and CC write VV HTML NP . SENT 4 LS . SENT If IN you PP don't VVD have VH functional JJ English NNS , , learn VV it PP . SENT Status NN in IN the DT Hacker NP Culture NP 1 CD . SENT Write VV open JJ source NN software NN 2 CD . SENT Help NN test NN and CC debug VV open JJ source NN software NN 3 CD . SENT Publish VV useful JJ information NN 4 CD . SENT Help VV keep VV the DT infrastructure NN working VVG 5 CD . SENT Serve VV the DT hacker NN culture NN itselfThe NP Hacker NP Nerd NN ConnectionPoints NNS For IN StyleOther NP ResourcesFrequently NP Asked VVD QuestionsWhy NP This DT Document NN . SENT As IN editor NN of IN the DT Jargon NN File NP and CC author NN of IN a DT few JJ other JJ well RB known VVN documents NNS of IN similar JJ nature NN , , I PP often RB get VVP email NP requests NNS from IN enthusiastic JJ network NN newbies NNS asking VVG in IN effect NN how WRB can MD I PP learn VV to TO be VB a DT wizardly JJ hacker NN . SENT . SENT Back RB in IN 1996 CD I PP noticed VVD that IN there RB didn't JJ seem VVP to TO be VB any DT other JJ FAQs NP or CC web NN documents NNS that WDT addressed VVD this DT vital JJ question NN , , so RB I PP started VVD this DT one NN . SENT A DT lot NN of IN hackers NNS now RB consider VVP it PP definitive JJ , , and CC I PP suppose VVP that DT means VVZ it PP is VBZ . SENT Still RB , , I PP don't VVD claim NN to TO be VB the DT exclusive JJ authority NN on IN this DT topic NN . SENT if IN you PP don't VVD like IN what WP you PP read VVP here RB , , write VV your PP$ own JJ . SENT If IN you PP are VBP reading VVG a DT snapshot NN of IN this DT document NN offline NN , , the DT current JJ version NN lives NNS at IN http NN . SENT catb NN . SENT org NP esr NP faqs NP hacker NN howto NN . SENT html NN . SENT Note NN . SENT there EX is VBZ a DT list NN of IN Frequently RB Asked VVN Questions NNS at IN the DT end NN of IN this DT document NN . SENT Please UH read VV these DT twice RB before IN mailing VVG me PP any DT questions NNS about IN this DT document NN . SENT Numerous JJ translations NNS of IN this DT document NN are VBP available JJ . SENT Arabic NP Bulgarian NP , , Catalan NP , , Chinese NP Simplified VVN , , Danish JJ , , Dutch NP , , Farsi NN , , Finnish JJ , , German JJ , , Hebrew JJ , , Italian JJ Japanese JJ , , Norwegian JJ Polish JJ , , Portuguese JJ Brazilian JJ , , Spanish JJ , , Turkish JJ , , and CC Swedish NP . SENT Note NN that IN since IN this DT document NN changes NNS occasionally RB , , they PP may MD be VB out RP of IN date NN to TO varying VVG degrees NNS . SENT The DT five CD dots NNS in IN nine CD squares NNS diagram NN that WDT decorates VVZ this DT document NN is VBZ called VVN a DT glider NN . SENT It PP is VBZ a DT simple JJ pattern NN with IN some DT surprising JJ properties NNS in IN a DT mathematical JJ simulation NN called VVN Life NP that WDT has VHZ fascinated VVN hackers NNS for IN many JJ years NNS . SENT I PP think VVP it PP makes VVZ a DT good JJ visual JJ emblem NN for IN what WP hackers NNS are VBP like IN abstract JJ , , at IN first RB a DT bit NN mysterious JJ seeming JJ , , but CC a DT gateway NN to TO a DT whole JJ world NN with IN an DT intricate JJ logic NN of IN its PP$ own JJ . SENT Read VV more RBR about IN the DT glider NN emblem NN here RB . SENT What WP Is VBZ a DT Hacker NP . SENT The DT Jargon NN File NP contains VVZ a DT bunch NN of IN definitions NNS of IN the DT term NN hacker NN , , most RBS having VHG to TO do VV with IN technical JJ adeptness NN and CC a DT delight NN in IN solving VVG problems NNS and CC overcoming VVG limits NNS . SENT If IN you PP want VVP to TO know VV how WRB to TO become VV a DT hacker NN , , though RB , , only RB two CD are VBP really RB relevant JJ . SENT There EX is VBZ a DT community NN , , a DT shared JJ culture NN , , of IN expert NN programmers NNS and CC networking NN wizards NNS that WDT traces VVZ its PP$ history NN back RB through IN decades NNS to TO the DT first JJ time NN sharing VVG minicomputers NNS and CC the DT earliest JJS ARPAnet NP experiments NNS . SENT The DT members NNS of IN this DT culture NN originated VVP the DT term NN hacker NN . SENT Hackers NNS built VVD the DT Internet NN . SENT Hackers NNS made VVD the DT Unix NP operating NN system NN what WP it PP is VBZ today NN . SENT Hackers NNS run VVP Usenet NP . SENT Hackers NNS make VVP the DT World NP Wide NP Web NP work NN . SENT If IN you PP are VBP part NN of IN this DT culture NN , , if IN you PP have VHP contributed VVN to TO it PP and CC other JJ people NNS in IN it PP know VVP who WP you PP are VBP and CC call VV you PP a DT hacker NN , , you're NN a DT hacker NN . SENT The DT hacker NN mind NN set NN is VBZ not RB confined VVN to TO this DT software NN hacker NN culture NN . SENT There EX are VBP people NNS who WP apply VVP the DT hacker NN attitude NN to TO other JJ things NNS , , like IN electronics NNS or CC music NN actually RB , , you PP can MD find VV it PP at IN the DT highest JJS levels NNS of IN any DT science NN or CC art NN . SENT Software NN hackers NNS recognize VVP these DT kindred JJ spirits NNS elsewhere RB and CC may MD call VV them PP hackers NNS too RB and CC some DT claim NN that IN the DT hacker NN nature NN is VBZ really RB independent JJ of IN the DT particular JJ medium NN the DT hacker NN works VVZ in IN . SENT But CC in IN the DT rest NN of IN this DT document NN we PP will MD focus VV on IN the DT skills NNS and CC attitudes NNS of IN software NN hackers NNS , , and CC the DT traditions NNS of IN the DT shared JJ culture NN that WDT originated VVP the DT term NN hacker NN . SENT There EX is VBZ another DT group NN of IN people NNS who WP loudly RB call VVP themselves PP hackers NNS , , but CC aren't NN . SENT These DT are VBP people NNS mainly RB adolescent JJ males NNS who WP get VVP a DT kick NN out RP of IN breaking VVG into IN computers NNS and CC phreaking VVG the DT phone NN system NN . SENT Real JJ hackers NNS call VVP these DT people NNS crackers NNS and CC want VVP nothing NN to TO do VV with IN them PP . SENT Real JJ hackers NNS mostly RB think VVP crackers NNS are VBP lazy JJ , , irresponsible JJ , , and CC not RB very RB bright JJ , , and CC object VVP that IN being VBG able JJ to TO break VV security NN doesn't NN make VV you PP a DT hacker NN any DT more RBR than IN being VBG able JJ to TO hotwire NN cars NNS makes VVZ you PP an DT automotive JJ engineer NN . SENT Unfortunately RB , , many JJ journalists NNS and CC writers NNS have VHP been VBN fooled VVN into IN using VVG the DT word NN hacker NN to TO describe VV crackers NNS . SENT this DT irritates VVZ real JJ hackers NNS no DT end NN . SENT The DT basic JJ difference NN is VBZ this DT . SENT hackers NNS build VVP things NNS , , crackers NNS break VVP them PP . SENT If IN you PP want VVP to TO be VB a DT hacker NN , , keep VV reading NN . SENT If IN you PP want VVP to TO be VB a DT cracker NN , , go VV read VV the DT alt JJ . SENT 2600 CD newsgroup NN and CC get VV ready JJ to TO do VV five CD to TO ten CD in IN the DT slammer NN after IN finding VVG out IN you PP aren't VVD as RB smart JJ as IN you PP think VVP you PP are VBP . SENT And CC that's NNS all DT I'm NN going VVG to TO say VV about IN crackers NNS . SENT The DT Hacker NP Attitude NN 1 CD . SENT The DT world NN is VBZ full JJ of IN fascinating JJ problems NNS waiting VVG to TO be VB solved VVN . SENT 2 LS . SENT No DT problem NN should MD ever RB have VH to TO be VB solved VVN twice RB . SENT 3 LS . SENT Boredom NN and CC drudgery NN are VBP evil JJ . SENT 4 LS . SENT Freedom NN is VBZ good JJ . SENT 5 LS . SENT Attitude NN is VBZ no DT substitute NN for IN competence NN . SENT Hackers NNS solve VV problems NNS and CC build VV things NNS , , and CC they PP believe VVP in IN freedom NN and CC voluntary JJ mutual JJ help NN . SENT To TO be VB accepted VVN as IN a DT hacker NN , , you PP have VHP to TO behave VV as RB though IN you PP have VHP this DT kind NN of IN attitude NN yourself PP . SENT And CC to TO behave VV as RB though IN you PP have VHP the DT attitude NN , , you PP have VHP to TO really RB believe VV the DT attitude NN . SENT But CC if IN you PP think VVP of IN cultivating VVG hacker NN attitudes NNS as IN just RB a DT way NN to TO gain VV acceptance NN in IN the DT culture NN , , you'll JJ miss VVP the DT point NN . SENT Becoming VVG the DT kind NN of IN person NN who WP believes VVZ these DT things NNS is VBZ important JJ for IN you PP for IN helping VVG you PP learn VVP and CC keeping VVG you PP motivated JJ . SENT As RB with IN all DT creative JJ arts NNS , , the DT most RBS effective JJ way NN to TO become VV a DT master NN is VBZ to TO imitate VV the DT mind NN set VVN of IN masters NNS not RB just RB intellectually RB but CC emotionally RB as RB well RB . SENT Or CC , , as IN the DT following VVG modern JJ Zen NN poem NN has VHZ it PP . SENT To TO follow VV the DT path NN . SENT look VV to TO the DT master NN , , follow VV the DT master NN , , walk VVP with IN the DT master NN , , see VVP through IN the DT master NN , , become VVN the DT master NN . SENT So RB , , if IN you PP want VVP to TO be VB a DT hacker NN , , repeat VV the DT following VVG things NNS until IN you PP believe VVP them PP . SENT 1 LS . SENT The DT world NN is VBZ full JJ of IN fascinating JJ problems NNS waiting VVG to TO be VB solved VVN . SENT Being VBG a DT hacker NN is VBZ lots NNS of IN fun NN , , but CC it's NNS a DT kind NN of IN fun NN that WDT takes VVZ lots NNS of IN effort NN . SENT The DT effort NN takes VVZ motivation NN . SENT Successful JJ athletes NNS get VVP their PP$ motivation NN from IN a DT kind NN of IN physical JJ delight NN in IN making VVG their PP$ bodies NNS perform VV , , in IN pushing VVG themselves PP past IN their PP$ own JJ physical JJ limits NNS . SENT Similarly RB , , to TO be VB a DT hacker NN you PP have VHP to TO get VV a DT basic JJ thrill NN from IN solving VVG problems NNS , , sharpening VVG your PP$ skills NNS , , and CC exercising VVG your PP$ intelligence NN . SENT If IN you PP aren't VVD the DT kind NN of IN person NN that WDT feels VVZ this DT way NN naturally RB , , you'll JJ need NN to TO become VV one CD in IN order NN to TO make VV it PP as IN a DT hacker NN . SENT Otherwise RB you'll RB find VV your PP$ hacking JJ energy NN is VBZ sapped VVN by IN distractions NNS like IN sex NN , , money NN , , and CC social JJ approval NN . SENT You PP also RB have VHP to TO develop VV a DT kind NN of IN faith NN in IN your PP$ own JJ learning VVG capacity NN a DT belief NN that IN even RB though IN you PP may MD not RB know VV all DT of IN what WP you PP need VVP to TO solve VV a DT problem NN , , if IN you PP tackle VVP just RB a DT piece NN of IN it PP and CC learn VV from IN that DT , , you'll JJ learn VVP enough RB to TO solve VV the DT next JJ piece NN and CC so RB on IN , , until IN you're NN done VVN . SENT 2 LS . SENT No DT problem NN should MD ever RB have VH to TO be VB solved VVN twice RB . SENT Creative JJ brains NNS are VBP a DT valuable JJ , , limited JJ resource NN . SENT They PP shouldn't NN be VB wasted VVN on IN re NN inventing VVG the DT wheel NN when WRB there EX are VBP so RB many JJ fascinating JJ new JJ problems NNS waiting VVG out RP there RB . SENT To TO behave VV like IN a DT hacker NN , , you PP have VHP to TO believe VV that IN the DT thinking VVG time NN of IN other JJ hackers NNS is VBZ precious JJ so RB much RB so RB that IN it's NNS almost RB a DT moral JJ duty NN for IN you PP to TO share NN information NN , , solve VV problems NNS and CC then RB give VV the DT solutions NNS away RB just RB so IN other JJ hackers NNS can MD solve VV new JJ problems NNS instead RB of IN having VHG to TO perpetually RB re IN address VV old JJ ones NNS . SENT Note NN , , however RB , , that IN No DT problem NN should MD ever RB have VH to TO be VB solved VVN twice RB . SENT does VVZ not RB imply VV that IN you PP have VHP to TO consider VV all DT existing JJ solutions NNS sacred JJ , , or CC that IN there EX is VBZ only RB one CD right NN solution NN to TO any DT given VVN problem NN . SENT Often RB , , we PP learn VVP a DT lot NN about IN the DT problem NN that IN we PP didn't VVD know VV before RB by IN studying VVG the DT first JJ cut NN at IN a DT solution NN . SENT It's NNS OK JJ , , and CC often RB necessary JJ , , to TO decide VV that IN we PP can MD do VV better RBR . SENT What's NP not RB OK JJ is VBZ artificial JJ technical JJ , , legal JJ , , or CC institutional JJ barriers NNS like IN closed JJ source NN code NN that WDT prevent VVP a DT good JJ solution NN from IN being VBG re NN used VVN and CC force NN people NNS to TO re NN invent VV wheels NNS . SENT You PP don't VVD have VH to TO believe VV that DT you're NN obligated VVN to TO give VV all PDT your PP$ creative JJ product NN away RB , , though IN the DT hackers NNS that WDT do VVP are VBP the DT ones NNS that WDT get VVP most JJS respect NN from IN other JJ hackers NNS . SENT It's NNS consistent JJ with IN hacker NN values NNS to TO sell VV enough RB of IN it PP to TO keep VV you PP in IN food NN and CC rent NN and CC computers NNS . SENT It's NNS fine JJ to TO use VV your PP$ hacking JJ skills NNS to TO support VV a DT family NN or CC even RB get VV rich JJ , , as RB long RB as IN you PP don't VVD forget VV your PP$ loyalty NN to TO your PP$ art NN and CC your PP$ fellow JJ hackers NNS while IN doing VVG it PP . SENT 3 LS . SENT Boredom NN and CC drudgery NN are VBP evil JJ . SENT Hackers NNS and CC creative JJ people NNS in IN general NN should MD never RB be VB bored VVN or CC have VH to TO drudge VV at IN stupid JJ repetitive JJ work NN , , because IN when WRB this DT happens VVZ it PP means VVZ they PP aren't NN doing VVG what WP only RB they PP can MD do VV solve VV new JJ problems NNS . SENT This DT wastefulness NN hurts VVZ everybody NN . SENT Therefore RB boredom NN and CC drudgery NN are VBP not RB just RB unpleasant JJ but CC actually RB evil JJ . SENT To TO behave VV like IN a DT hacker NN , , you PP have VHP to TO believe VV this DT enough NN to TO want VV to TO automate VV away RP the DT boring JJ bits NNS as IN much RB as RB possible JJ , , not RB just RB for IN yourself PP but CC for IN everybody NN else RB especially RB other JJ hackers NNS . SENT There EX is VBZ one CD apparent JJ exception NN to TO this DT . SENT Hackers NNS will MD sometimes RB do VV things NNS that WDT may MD seem VV repetitive JJ or CC boring JJ to TO an DT observer NN as IN a DT mind NN clearing NN exercise NN , , or CC in IN order NN to TO acquire VV a DT skill NN or CC have VH some DT particular JJ kind NN of IN experience NN you PP can't VVD have VH otherwise RB . SENT But CC this DT is VBZ by IN choice NN nobody NN who WP can MD think VV should MD ever RB be VB forced VVN into IN a DT situation NN that WDT bores VVZ them PP . SENT 4 LS . SENT Freedom NN is VBZ good JJ . SENT Hackers NNS are VBP naturally RB anti JJ authoritarian JJ . SENT Anyone NN who WP can MD give VV you PP orders NNS can MD stop VV you PP from IN solving VVG whatever WDT problem NN you're NN being VBG fascinated VVN by IN and CC , , given VVN the DT way NN authoritarian JJ minds NNS work VVP , , will MD generally RB find VV some DT appallingly RB stupid JJ reason NN to TO do VV so RB . SENT So IN the DT authoritarian JJ attitude NN has VHZ to TO be VB fought VVN wherever WRB you PP find VVP it PP , , lest IN it PP smother VV you PP and CC other JJ hackers NNS . SENT This DT isn't NN the DT same JJ as IN fighting VVG all DT authority NN . SENT Children NNS need VVP to TO be VB guided VVN and CC criminals NNS restrained VVD . SENT A DT hacker NN may MD agree VV to TO accept VV some DT kinds NNS of IN authority NN in IN order NN to TO get VV something NN he PP wants VVZ more JJR than IN the DT time NN he PP spends VVZ following VVG orders NNS . SENT But CC that's NNS a DT limited JJ , , conscious JJ bargain NN . SENT the DT kind NN of IN personal JJ surrender NN authoritarians NNS want VVP is VBZ not RB on IN offer NN . SENT Authoritarians NNS thrive VVP on IN censorship NN and CC secrecy NN . SENT And CC they PP distrust NN voluntary JJ cooperation NN and CC information NN sharing VVG they PP only RB like VVP cooperation NN that IN they PP control VVP . SENT So RB to TO behave VV like IN a DT hacker NN , , you PP have VHP to TO develop VV an DT instinctive JJ hostility NN to TO censorship NN , , secrecy NN , , and CC the DT use NN of IN force NN or CC deception NN to TO compel VV responsible JJ adults NNS . SENT And CC you PP have VHP to TO be VB willing JJ to TO act VV on IN that DT belief NN . SENT 5 LS . SENT Attitude NN is VBZ no DT substitute NN for IN competence NN . SENT To TO be VB a DT hacker NN , , you PP have VHP to TO develop VV some DT of IN these DT attitudes NNS . SENT But CC copping VVG an DT attitude NN alone RB won't VVD make VV you PP a DT hacker NN , , any DT more JJR than IN it PP will MD make VV you PP a DT champion NN athlete NN or CC a DT rock NN star NN . SENT Becoming VVG a DT hacker NN will MD take VV intelligence NN , , practice NN , , dedication NN , , and CC hard JJ work NN . SENT Therefore RB , , you PP have VHP to TO learn VV to TO distrust NN attitude NN and CC respect NN competence NN of IN every DT kind NN . SENT Hackers NNS won't VVD let VV posers NNS waste VV their PP$ time NN , , but CC they PP worship NN competence NN especially RB competence NN at IN hacking NN , , but CC competence NN at IN anything NN is VBZ valued VVN . SENT Competence NN at IN demanding VVG skills NNS that IN few JJ can NN master NN is VBZ especially RB good JJ , , and CC competence NN at IN demanding VVG skills NNS that WDT involve VVP mental JJ acuteness NN , , craft NN , , and CC concentration NN is VBZ best JJS . SENT If IN you PP revere VV competence NN , , you'll JJ enjoy VVP developing VVG it PP in IN yourself PP the DT hard JJ work NN and CC dedication NN will MD become VV a DT kind NN of IN intense JJ play NN rather RB than IN drudgery NN . SENT That DT attitude NN is VBZ vital JJ to TO becoming VVG a DT hacker NN . SENT Basic JJ Hacking NP Skills NNS 1 CD . SENT Learn VV how WRB to TO program NN . SENT 2 LS . SENT Get VV one PP of IN the DT open JJ source NN Unixes NNS and CC learn VVP to TO use VV and CC run VV it PP . SENT 3 LS . SENT Learn VV how WRB to TO use VV the DT World NP Wide NP Web NP and CC write VV HTML NP . SENT 4 LS . SENT If IN you PP don't VVD have VH functional JJ English NNS , , learn VV it PP . SENT The DT hacker NN attitude NN is VBZ vital JJ , , but CC skills NNS are VBP even RB more RBR vital JJ . SENT Attitude NN is VBZ no DT substitute NN for IN competence NN , , and CC there's RB a DT certain JJ basic JJ toolkit NN of IN skills NNS which WDT you PP have VHP to TO have VH before IN any DT hacker NN will MD dream VV of IN calling VVG you PP one CD . SENT This DT toolkit NN changes NNS slowly RB over IN time NN as IN technology NN creates VVZ new JJ skills NNS and CC makes VVZ old JJ ones NNS obsolete JJ . SENT For IN example NN , , it PP used VVD to TO include VV programming NN in IN machine NN language NN , , and CC didn't NN until IN recently RB involve VV HTML NP . SENT But CC right RB now RB it PP pretty RB clearly RB includes VVZ the DT following NN . SENT 1 LS . SENT Learn VV how WRB to TO program NN . SENT This DT , , of IN course NN , , is VBZ the DT fundamental JJ hacking NN skill NN . SENT If IN you PP don't VVD know VV any DT computer NN languages NNS , , I PP recommend VVP starting VVG with IN Python NN . SENT It PP is VBZ cleanly RB designed VVN , , well RB documented VVN , , and CC relatively RB kind NN to TO beginners NNS . SENT Despite IN being VBG a DT good JJ first JJ language NN , , it PP is VBZ not RB just RB a DT toy NN . SENT it PP is VBZ very RB powerful JJ and CC flexible JJ and CC well RB suited VVN for IN large JJ projects NNS . SENT I PP have VHP written VVN a DT more RBR detailed JJ evaluation NN of IN Python NN . SENT Good JJ tutorials NNS are VBP available JJ at IN the DT Python NN web NN site NN . SENT Java NP is VBZ also RB a DT good JJ language NN for IN learning VVG to TO program NN in IN . SENT It PP is VBZ more RBR difficult JJ than IN Python NN , , but CC produces VVZ faster JJR code NN than IN Python NN . SENT I PP think VVP it PP makes VVZ an DT excellent JJ second JJ language NN . SENT Unfortunately RB , , Sun's NP reference NN implementation NN is VBZ still RB proprietary JJ . SENT This DT is VBZ not RB so RB much RB an DT issue NN with IN the DT Java NP language NN itself PP , , as IN high JJ quality NN open JJ source NN Java NP interpreters NNS are VBP readily RB available JJ . SENT the DT real JJ problem NN is VBZ the DT class NN libraries NNS that WDT travel VVP with IN the DT language NN . SENT The DT open JJ source NN class NN libraries NNS lag VVP behind IN Sun's NP . SENT So RB , , if IN you PP do VVP choose VV to TO learn VV Java NP , , do VVP it PP with IN one CD of IN the DT open JJ source NN implementations NNS rather RB than IN becoming VVG dependent JJ on IN Sun's NP proprietary JJ code NN . SENT But CC be VB aware JJ that IN you PP won't VVD reach VV the DT skill NN level NN of IN a DT hacker NN or CC even RB merely RB a DT programmer NN if IN you PP only RB know VVP one CD or CC two CD languages NNS you PP need VVP to TO learn VV how WRB to TO think VV about IN programming NN problems NNS in IN a DT general JJ way NN , , independent JJ of IN any DT one CD language NN . SENT To TO be VB a DT real JJ hacker NN , , you PP need VVP to TO get VV to TO the DT point NN where WRB you PP can MD learn VV a DT new JJ language NN in IN days NNS by IN relating VVG what's NNS in IN the DT manual JJ to TO what WP you PP already RB know VVP . SENT This DT means VVZ you PP should MD learn VV several JJ very JJ different JJ languages NNS . SENT If IN you PP get VVP into IN serious JJ programming NN , , you PP will MD have VH to TO learn VV C NP , , the DT core JJ language NN of IN Unix NP . SENT C NP is VBZ very RB closely RB related VVN to TO C NP . SENT if IN you PP know VVP one CD , , learning VVG the DT other JJ will MD not RB be VB difficult JJ . SENT Neither DT language NN is VBZ a DT good JJ one NN to TO try VV learning VVG as IN your PP$ first JJ , , however RB . SENT And CC , , actually RB , , the DT more RBR you PP can MD avoid VV programming NN in IN C NP the DT more RBR productive JJ you PP will MD be VB . SENT C NP is VBZ very RB efficient JJ , , and CC very RB sparing VVG of IN your PP$ machine's JJ resources NNS . SENT Unfortunately RB , , C NP gets VVZ that DT efficiency NN by IN requiring VVG you PP to TO do VV a DT lot NN of IN low JJ level NN management NN of IN resources NNS like IN memory NN by IN hand NN . SENT All PDT that DT low JJ level NN code NN is VBZ complex JJ and CC bug NN prone JJ , , and CC will MD soak VV up RP huge JJ amounts NNS of IN your PP$ time NN on IN debugging VVG . SENT With IN today's JJ machines NNS as IN powerful JJ as IN they PP are VBP , , this DT is VBZ usually RB a DT bad JJ tradeoff NN it's NNS smarter RBR to TO use VV a DT language NN that WDT uses VVZ the DT machine's JJ time NN less RBR efficiently RB , , but CC your PP$ time NN much RB more RBR efficiently RB . SENT Thus RB , , Python NN . SENT Other JJ languages NNS of IN particular JJ importance NN to TO hackers NNS include VVP Perl NP and CC LISP NN . SENT Perl NP is VBZ worth JJ learning VVG for IN practical JJ reasons NNS . SENT it's NNS very RB widely RB used VVN for IN active JJ web NN pages NNS and CC system NN administration NN , , so RB that IN even RB if IN you PP never RB write VV Perl NP you PP should MD learn VV to TO read VV it PP . SENT Many JJ people NNS use VVP Perl NP in IN the DT way NN I PP suggest VVP you PP should MD use VV Python NN , , to TO avoid VV C NP programming NN on IN jobs NNS that IN don't NN require VVP C's NP machine NN efficiency NN . SENT You PP will MD need VV to TO be VB able JJ to TO understand VV their PP$ code NN . SENT LISP NN is VBZ worth JJ learning VVG for IN a DT different JJ reason NN the DT profound JJ enlightenment NN experience NN you PP will MD have VH when IN you PP finally RB get VV it PP . SENT That DT experience NN will MD make VV you PP a DT better JJR programmer NN for IN the DT rest NN of IN your PP$ days NNS , , even RB if IN you PP never RB actually RB use VV LISP VV itself PP a DT lot NN . SENT You PP can MD get VV some DT beginning VVG experience NN with IN LISP NN fairly RB easily RB by IN writing VVG and CC modifying VVG editing VVG modes NNS for IN the DT Emacs NP text NN editor NN . SENT It's NNS best RBS , , actually RB , , to TO learn VV all DT five CD of IN Python NN , , C NP C NP , , Java NP , , Perl NP , , and CC LISP NN . SENT Besides IN being VBG the DT most RBS important JJ hacking JJ languages NNS , , they PP represent VVP very RB different JJ approaches NNS to TO programming NN , , and CC each DT will MD educate VV you PP in IN valuable JJ ways NNS . SENT I PP can't VVD give VV complete JJ instructions NNS on IN how WRB to TO learn VV to TO program VV here RB it's JJ a DT complex JJ skill NN . SENT But CC I PP can MD tell VV you PP that IN books NNS and CC courses NNS won't NN do VVP it PP many JJ , , maybe RB most RBS of IN the DT best JJS hackers NNS are VBP self NN taught VVD . SENT You PP can MD learn VV language NN features NNS bits NNS of IN knowledge NN from IN books NNS , , but CC the DT mind NN set NN that WDT makes VVZ that DT knowledge NN into IN living VVG skill NN can MD be VB learned VVN only RB by IN practice NN and CC apprenticeship NN . SENT What WP will MD do VV it PP is VBZ a DT reading NN code NN and CC b LS writing NN code NN . SENT Learning VVG to TO program NN is VBZ like IN learning VVG to TO write VV good JJ natural JJ language NN . SENT The DT best JJS way NN to TO do VV it PP is VBZ to TO read VV some DT stuff NN written VVN by IN masters NNS of IN the DT form NN , , write VV some DT things NNS yourself PP , , read VV a DT lot NN more RBR , , write VV a DT little RB more JJR , , read VVD a DT lot NN more RBR , , write VV some DT more RBR . SENT . SENT . SENT and CC repeat NN until IN your PP$ writing NN begins VVZ to TO develop VV the DT kind NN of IN strength NN and CC economy NN you PP see VVP in IN your PP$ models NNS . SENT Finding VVG good JJ code NN to TO read VV used VVN to TO be VB hard JJ , , because IN there EX were VBD few JJ large JJ programs NNS available JJ in IN source NN for IN fledgeling NN hackers NNS to TO read VV and CC tinker VV with IN . SENT This DT has VHZ changed VVN dramatically RB . SENT open JJ source NN software NN , , programming NN tools NNS , , and CC operating VVG systems NNS all RB built VVN by IN hackers NNS are VBP now RB widely RB available JJ . SENT Which WDT brings VVZ me PP neatly RB to TO our PP$ next JJ topic NN . SENT . SENT . SENT 2 LS . SENT Get VV one PP of IN the DT open JJ source NN Unixes NNS and CC learn VVP to TO use VV and CC run VV it PP . SENT I'll NP assume VVP you PP have VHP a DT personal JJ computer NN or CC can MD get VV access NN to TO one CD . SENT Take VV a DT moment NN to TO appreciate VV how WRB much RB that IN means NNS . SENT The DT hacker NN culture NN originally RB evolved VVD back RB when WRB computers NNS were VBD so RB expensive JJ that IN individuals NNS could MD not RB own VV them PP . SENT The DT single JJ most RBS important JJ step NN any DT newbie NN can MD take VV toward IN acquiring VVG hacker NN skills NNS is VBZ to TO get VV a DT copy NN of IN Linux NP or CC one CD of IN the DT BSD NP Unixes NNS , , install VV it PP on IN a DT personal JJ machine NN , , and CC run VV it PP . SENT Yes UH , , there EX are VBP other JJ operating VVG systems NNS in IN the DT world NN besides IN Unix NP . SENT But CC they're NN distributed VVN in IN binary NN you PP can't VVD read VV the DT code NN , , and CC you PP can't VVD modify VV it PP . SENT Trying VVG to TO learn VV to TO hack VV on IN a DT Microsoft NP Windows NNS machine NN or CC any DT other JJ closed JJ source NN system NN is VBZ like IN trying VVG to TO learn VV to TO dance VV while IN wearing VVG a DT body NN cast NN . SENT Under IN Mac NP OS NN X NN it's NNS possible JJ , , but CC only RB part NN of IN the DT system NN is VBZ open JJ source NN you're NN likely JJ to TO hit VV a DT lot NN of IN walls NNS , , and CC you PP have VHP to TO be VB careful JJ not RB to TO develop VV the DT bad JJ habit NN of IN depending VVG on IN Apple's NP proprietary JJ code NN . SENT If IN you PP concentrate VVP on IN the DT Unix NP under IN the DT hood NN you PP can MD learn VV some DT useful JJ things NNS . SENT Unix NP is VBZ the DT operating VVG system NN of IN the DT Internet NN . SENT While IN you PP can MD learn VV to TO use VV the DT Internet NN without IN knowing VVG Unix NP , , you PP can't NN be VB an DT Internet NN hacker NN without IN understanding VVG Unix NP . SENT For IN this DT reason NN , , the DT hacker NN culture NN today NN is VBZ pretty RB strongly RB Unix NP centered VVD . SENT This DT wasn't NN always RB true JJ , , and CC some DT old JJ time NN hackers NNS still RB aren't VVD happy JJ about IN it PP , , but CC the DT symbiosis NN between IN Unix NP and CC the DT Internet NN has VHZ become VVN strong JJ enough RB that IN even JJ Microsoft's NP muscle NN doesn't NN seem VVP able JJ to TO seriously RB dent VV it PP . SENT So RB , , bring VV up RP a DT Unix NP I NP like IN Linux NP myself PP but CC there EX are VBP other JJ ways NNS and CC yes UH , , you PP can MD run VV both DT Linux NP and CC Microsoft NP Windows NNS on IN the DT same JJ machine NN . SENT Learn VV it PP . SENT Run VV it PP . SENT Tinker NP with IN it PP . SENT Talk VV to TO the DT Internet NN with IN it PP . SENT Read VV the DT code NN . SENT Modify VV the DT code NN . SENT You'll NP get VVP better JJR programming NN tools NNS including VVG C NP , , LISP NN , , Python NN , , and CC Perl NP than IN any DT Microsoft NP operating NN system NN can MD dream VV of IN hosting VVG , , you'll NN have VHP fun NN , , and CC you'll RB soak VV up RP more JJR knowledge NN than IN you PP realize VVP you're NN learning VVG until IN you PP look VVP back RB on IN it PP as IN a DT master NN hacker NN . SENT For IN more JJR about IN learning VVG Unix NP , , see VVP The DT Loginataka NP . SENT You PP might MD also RB want VV to TO have VH a DT look NN at IN The DT Art NN Of IN Unix NP Programming NN . SENT To TO get VV your PP$ hands NNS on IN a DT Linux NP , , see VVP the DT Linux NP Online JJ . SENT site NN . SENT you PP can MD download VV from IN there RB or CC better JJR idea NN find VV a DT local JJ Linux NP user NN group NN to TO help VV you PP with IN installation NN . SENT From IN a DT new JJ user's NN point NN of IN view NN , , all DT Linux NP distributions NNS are VBP pretty RB much JJ equivalent NN . SENT You PP can MD find VV BSD NP Unix NP help NN and CC resources NNS at IN www NP . SENT bsd NN . SENT org NP . SENT I PP have VHP written VVN a DT primer NN on IN the DT basics NNS of IN Unix NP and CC the DT Internet NN . SENT Note NN . SENT I PP don't VVD really RB recommend VV installing VVG either DT Linux NP or CC BSD NP as IN a DT solo JJ project NN if IN you're NN a DT newbie NN . SENT For IN Linux NP , , find VVP a DT local JJ Linux NP user's NNS group NN and CC ask VV for IN help NN . SENT 3 LS . SENT Learn VV how WRB to TO use VV the DT World NP Wide NP Web NP and CC write VV HTML NP . SENT Most JJS of IN the DT things NNS the DT hacker NN culture NN has VHZ built VVN do VV their PP$ work NN out RP of IN sight NN , , helping VVG run NN factories NNS and CC offices NNS and CC universities NNS without IN any DT obvious JJ impact NN on IN how WRB non JJ hackers NNS live VVP . SENT The DT Web NP is VBZ the DT one CD big JJ exception NN , , the DT huge JJ shiny JJ hacker NN toy NN that IN even JJ politicians NNS admit VVP has VHZ changed VVN the DT world NN . SENT For IN this DT reason NN alone RB and CC a DT lot NN of IN other JJ good JJ ones NNS as IN well RB you PP need VVP to TO learn VV how WRB to TO work VV the DT Web NP . SENT This DT doesn't NN just RB mean VVP learning VVG how WRB to TO drive VV a DT browser NN anyone NN can MD do VV that IN , , but CC learning VVG how WRB to TO write VV HTML NP , , the DT Web's NP markup NN language NN . SENT If IN you PP don't VVD know VV how WRB to TO program NN , , writing VVG HTML NP will MD teach VV you PP some DT mental JJ habits NNS that WDT will MD help VV you PP learn VV . SENT So RB build VV a DT home NN page NN . SENT Try VV to TO stick VV to TO XHTML NP , , which WDT is VBZ a DT cleaner JJR language NN than IN classic JJ HTML NP . SENT There EX are VBP good JJ beginner NN tutorials NNS on IN the DT Web NP . SENT here's NNS one CD . SENT But CC just RB having VHG a DT home NN page NN isn't NN anywhere RB near RB good JJ enough RB to TO make VV you PP a DT hacker NN . SENT The DT Web NP is VBZ full JJ of IN home NN pages NNS . SENT Most JJS of IN them PP are VBP pointless JJ , , zero CD content NN sludge NN very RB snazzy JJ looking VVG sludge NN , , mind VV you PP , , but CC sludge NN all RB the DT same JJ for IN more JJR on IN this DT see VVP The DT HTML NP Hell NN Page NP . SENT To TO be VB worthwhile JJ , , your PP$ page NN must MD have VH content JJ it PP must MD be VB interesting JJ and CC or CC useful JJ to TO other JJ hackers NNS . SENT And CC that DT brings VVZ us PP to TO the DT next JJ topic NN . SENT . SENT . SENT 4 LS . SENT If IN you PP don't VVD have VH functional JJ English NNS , , learn VV it PP . SENT As IN an DT American JJ and CC native JJ English JJ speaker NN myself PP , , I PP have VHP previously RB been VBN reluctant JJ to TO suggest VV this DT , , lest IN it PP be VB taken VVN as IN a DT sort NN of IN cultural JJ imperialism NN . SENT But CC several JJ native JJ speakers NNS of IN other JJ languages NNS have VHP urged VVN me PP to TO point VV out RP that IN English NP is VBZ the DT working VVG language NN of IN the DT hacker NN culture NN and CC the DT Internet NN , , and CC that IN you PP will MD need VV to TO know VV it PP to TO function VV in IN the DT hacker NN community NN . SENT Back RB around IN 1991 CD I PP learned VVD that IN many JJ hackers NNS who WP have VHP English JJ as IN a DT second JJ language NN use VV it PP in IN technical JJ discussions NNS even RB when WRB they PP share VV a DT birth NN tongue NN . SENT it PP was VBD reported VVN to TO me PP at IN the DT time NN that IN English NP has VHZ a DT richer JJR technical JJ vocabulary NN than IN any DT other JJ language NN and CC is VBZ therefore RB simply RB a DT better JJR tool NN for IN the DT job NN . SENT For IN similar JJ reasons NNS , , translations NNS of IN technical JJ books NNS written VVN in IN English NP are VBP often RB unsatisfactory JJ when WRB they PP get VVP done VVN at IN all DT . SENT Linus NP Torvalds NP , , a DT Finn NP , , comments VVZ his PP$ code NN in IN English NP it PP apparently RB never RB occurred VVN to TO him PP to TO do VV otherwise RB . SENT His PP$ fluency NN in IN English NP has VHZ been VBN an DT important JJ factor NN in IN his PP$ ability NN to TO recruit VV a DT worldwide JJ community NN of IN developers NNS for IN Linux NP . SENT It's NP an DT example NN worth IN following VVG . SENT Being VBG a DT native JJ English JJ speaker NN does VVZ not RB guarantee VV that IN you PP have VHP language NN skills NNS good JJ enough RB to TO function VV as IN a DT hacker NN . SENT If IN your PP$ writing NN is VBZ semi NN literate JJ , , ungrammatical JJ , , and CC riddled VVD with IN misspellings NNS , , many JJ hackers NNS including VVG me PP will MD tend VV to TO ignore VV you PP . SENT While IN sloppy JJ writing NN does VVZ not RB invariably RB mean VV sloppy JJ thinking NN , , we've NN generally RB found VVD the DT correlation NN to TO be VB strong JJ and CC we PP have VHP no DT use NN for IN sloppy JJ thinkers NNS . SENT If IN you PP can't VVD yet RB write VV competently RB , , learn VVP to TO . SENT Status NN in IN the DT Hacker NP Culture NP 1 CD . SENT Write VV open JJ source NN software NN 2 CD . SENT Help NN test NN and CC debug VV open JJ source NN software NN 3 CD . SENT Publish VV useful JJ information NN 4 CD . SENT Help VV keep VV the DT infrastructure NN working VVG 5 CD . SENT Serve VV the DT hacker NN culture NN itselfLike JJ most JJS cultures NNS without IN a DT money NN economy NN , , hackerdom NN runs NNS on IN reputation NN . SENT You're NNS trying VVG to TO solve VV interesting JJ problems NNS , , but CC how WRB interesting JJ they PP are VBP , , and CC whether IN your PP$ solutions NNS are VBP really RB good JJ , , is VBZ something NN that IN only RB your PP$ technical JJ peers NNS or CC superiors NNS are VBP normally RB equipped VVN to TO judge VV . SENT Accordingly RB , , when WRB you PP play VVP the DT hacker NN game NN , , you PP learn VVP to TO keep VV score NN primarily RB by IN what WP other JJ hackers NNS think VVP of IN your PP$ skill NN this DT is VBZ why WRB you PP aren't VVD really RB a DT hacker NN until IN other JJ hackers NNS consistently RB call VVP you PP one CD . SENT This DT fact NN is VBZ obscured VVD by IN the DT image NN of IN hacking VVG as IN solitary JJ work NN . SENT also RB by IN a DT hacker NN cultural JJ taboo NN gradually RB decaying VVG since IN the DT late JJ 1990 CD s PP but CC still RB potent JJ against IN admitting VVG that DT ego NN or CC external JJ validation NN are VBP involved VVN in IN one's JJ motivation NN at IN all DT . SENT Specifically RB , , hackerdom NN is VBZ what WP anthropologists NNS call VVP a DT gift NN culture NN . SENT You PP gain VVP status NN and CC reputation NN in IN it PP not RB by IN dominating VVG other JJ people NNS , , nor CC by IN being VBG beautiful JJ , , nor CC by IN having VHG things NNS other JJ people NNS want VVP , , but CC rather RB by IN giving VVG things NNS away RB . SENT Specifically RB , , by IN giving VVG away RP your PP$ time NN , , your PP$ creativity NN , , and CC the DT results NNS of IN your PP$ skill NN . SENT There EX are VBP basically RB five CD kinds NNS of IN things NNS you PP can MD do VV to TO be VB respected VVN by IN hackers NNS . SENT 1 LS . SENT Write VV open JJ source NN softwareThe NN first RB the DT most RBS central JJ and CC most RBS traditional JJ is VBZ to TO write VV programs NNS that IN other JJ hackers NNS think VVP are VBP fun NN or CC useful JJ , , and CC give VV the DT program NN sources NNS away RB to TO the DT whole JJ hacker NN culture NN to TO use VV . SENT We PP used VVD to TO call VV these DT works VVZ free JJ software NN , , but CC this DT confused JJ too RB many JJ people NNS who WP weren't NN sure RB exactly RB what WP free RB was VBD supposed VVN to TO mean VV . SENT Most JJS of IN us PP now RB prefer VVP the DT term NN open JJ source NN software NN . SENT Hackerdom's NNS most RBS revered VVN demigods NNS are VBP people NNS who WP have VHP written VVN large JJ , , capable JJ programs NNS that WDT met VVD a DT widespread JJ need NN and CC given VVN them PP away RP , , so RB that IN now RB everyone NN uses VVZ them PP . SENT But CC there's RB a DT bit NN of IN a DT fine JJ historical JJ point NN here RB . SENT While IN hackers NNS have VHP always RB looked VVN up RP to TO the DT open JJ source NN developers NNS among IN them PP as IN our PP$ community's NNS hardest RBS core JJ , , before IN the DT mid JJ 1990 CD s VVZ most JJS hackers NNS most JJS of IN the DT time NN worked VVD on IN closed JJ source NN . SENT This DT was VBD still RB true JJ when WRB I PP wrote VVD the DT first JJ version NN of IN this DT HOWTO NP in IN 1996 CD . SENT it PP took VVD the DT mainstreaming NN of IN open JJ source NN software NN after IN 1997 CD to TO change VV things NNS . SENT Today NN , , the DT hacker NN community NN and CC open JJ source NN developers NNS are VBP two CD descriptions NNS for IN what WP is VBZ essentially RB the DT same JJ culture NN and CC population NN but CC it PP is VBZ worth JJ remembering VVG that IN this DT was VBD not RB always RB so RB . SENT 2 LS . SENT Help NN test NN and CC debug VV open JJ source NN softwareThey NN also RB serve VV who WP stand NN and CC debug VV open JJ source NN software NN . SENT In IN this DT imperfect JJ world NN , , we PP will MD inevitably RB spend VV most JJS of IN our PP$ software NN development NN time NN in IN the DT debugging VVG phase NN . SENT That's NNS why WRB any DT open JJ source NN author NN who's NNS thinking NN will MD tell VV you PP that IN good JJ beta JJ testers NNS who WP know VVP how WRB to TO describe VV symptoms NNS clearly RB , , localize VV problems NNS well RB , , can MD tolerate VV bugs NNS in IN a DT quickie NN release NN , , and CC are VBP willing JJ to TO apply VV a DT few JJ simple JJ diagnostic JJ routines NNS are VBP worth JJ their PP$ weight NN in IN rubies NNS . SENT Even RB one CD of IN these DT can MD make VV the DT difference NN between IN a DT debugging VVG phase NN that's NNS a DT protracted JJ , , exhausting JJ nightmare NN and CC one CD that's NNS merely RB a DT salutary JJ nuisance NN . SENT If IN you're NN a DT newbie NN , , try VVP to TO find VV a DT program NN under IN development NN that IN you're NN interested VVN in IN and CC be VB a DT good JJ beta NN tester NN . SENT There's RB a DT natural JJ progression NN from IN helping VVG test NN programs NNS to TO helping VVG debug VV them PP to TO helping VVG modify VV them PP . SENT You'll NP learn VVP a DT lot NN this DT way NN , , and CC generate VV good JJ karma NN with IN people NNS who WP will MD help VV you PP later RBR on RP . SENT 3 LS . SENT Publish VV useful JJ informationAnother NN good JJ thing NN is VBZ to TO collect VV and CC filter NN useful JJ and CC interesting JJ information NN into IN web NN pages NNS or CC documents NNS like IN Frequently RB Asked VVN Questions NNS FAQ NP lists NNS , , and CC make VV those DT generally RB available JJ . SENT Maintainers NNS of IN major JJ technical JJ FAQs NP get VVP almost RB as IN much JJ respect NN as IN open JJ source NN authors NNS . SENT 4 LS . SENT Help VV keep VV the DT infrastructure NN workingThe NN hacker NN culture NN and CC the DT engineering NN development NN of IN the DT Internet NN , , for IN that DT matter NN is VBZ run VVN by IN volunteers NNS . SENT There's RB a DT lot NN of IN necessary JJ but CC unglamorous JJ work NN that WDT needs VVZ done VVN to TO keep VV it PP going VVG administering VVG mailing NN lists NNS , , moderating VVG newsgroups NNS , , maintaining VVG large JJ software NN archive NP sites NNS , , developing VVG RFCs NP and CC other JJ technical JJ standards NNS . SENT People NNS who WP do VVP this DT sort NN of IN thing NN well RB get VV a DT lot NN of IN respect NN , , because IN everybody NN knows VVZ these DT jobs NNS are VBP huge JJ time NN sinks NNS and CC not RB as IN much JJ fun NN as IN playing VVG with IN code NN . SENT Doing VVG them PP shows VVZ dedication NN . SENT 5 LS . SENT Serve VV the DT hacker NN culture NN itselfFinally RB , , you PP can MD serve VV and CC propagate VV the DT culture NN itself PP by IN , , for IN example NN , , writing VVG an DT accurate JJ primer NN on IN how WRB to TO become VV a DT hacker NN . SENT . SENT This DT is VBZ not RB something NN you'll NN be VB positioned VVN to TO do VV until IN you've NNS been VBN around RB for IN while NN and CC become VV well RB known VVN for IN one CD of IN the DT first JJ four CD things NNS . SENT The DT hacker NN culture NN doesn't NN have VHP leaders NNS , , exactly RB , , but CC it PP does VVZ have VHP culture NN heroes NNS and CC tribal JJ elders NNS and CC historians NNS and CC spokespeople NN . SENT When WRB you've NNS been VBN in IN the DT trenches NNS long RB enough RB , , you PP may MD grow VV into IN one CD of IN these DT . SENT Beware VV . SENT hackers NNS distrust NN blatant JJ ego NN in IN their PP$ tribal JJ elders NNS , , so RB visibly RB reaching VVG for IN this DT kind NN of IN fame NN is VBZ dangerous JJ . SENT Rather RB than IN striving VVG for IN it PP , , you PP have VHP to TO sort VV of IN position VV yourself PP so IN it PP drops VVZ in IN your PP$ lap NN , , and CC then RB be VB modest JJ and CC gracious JJ about IN your PP$ status NN . SENT The DT Hacker NP Nerd NN ConnectionContrary NN to TO popular JJ myth NN , , you PP don't VVD have VH to TO be VB a DT nerd NN to TO be VB a DT hacker NN . SENT It PP does VVZ help VV , , however RB , , and CC many JJ hackers NNS are VBP in IN fact NN nerds NNS . SENT Being VBG a DT social JJ outcast NN helps VVZ you PP stay VV concentrated VVN on IN the DT really RB important JJ things NNS , , like IN thinking VVG and CC hacking VVG . SENT For IN this DT reason NN , , many JJ hackers NNS have VHP adopted VVN the DT label NN nerd NN and CC even RB use VV the DT harsher JJR term NN geek NN as IN a DT badge NN of IN pride NN it's NNS a DT way NN of IN declaring VVG their PP$ independence NN from IN normal JJ social JJ expectations NNS . SENT If IN you PP can MD manage VV to TO concentrate VV enough RB on IN hacking VVG to TO be VB good JJ at IN it PP and CC still RB have VH a DT life NN , , that's NNS fine NN . SENT This DT is VBZ a DT lot RB easier JJR today NN than IN it PP was VBD when WRB I PP was VBD a DT newbie NN in IN the DT 1970 CD s PP . SENT mainstream JJ culture NN is VBZ much RB friendlier JJR to TO techno NN nerds NNS now RB . SENT There EX are VBP even RB growing VVG numbers NNS of IN people NNS who WP realize VVP that DT hackers NNS are VBP often RB high JJ quality NN lover NN and CC spouse NN material NN . SENT If IN you're NN attracted VVN to TO hacking VVG because IN you PP don't VVD have VH a DT life NN , , that's NNS OK JJ too RB at IN least JJS you PP won't VVD have VH trouble NN concentrating VVG . SENT Maybe RB you'll RB get VV a DT life NN later RBR on IN . SENT Points NNS For IN StyleAgain NP , , to TO be VB a DT hacker NN , , you PP have VHP to TO enter VV the DT hacker NN mindset NN . SENT There EX are VBP some DT things NNS you PP can MD do VV when WRB you're NN not RB at IN a DT computer NN that WDT seem VVP to TO help VV . SENT They're NP not RB substitutes NNS for IN hacking JJ nothing NN is VBZ but CC many JJ hackers NNS do VVP them PP , , and CC feel VVP that IN they PP connect VVP in IN some DT basic JJ way NN with IN the DT essence NN of IN hacking NN . SENT Learn VV to TO write VV your PP$ native JJ language NN well RB . SENT Though IN it's NNS a DT common JJ stereotype NN that IN programmers NNS can't NN write VVP , , a DT surprising JJ number NN of IN hackers NNS including VVG all PDT the DT most RBS accomplished JJ ones NNS I PP know VVP of IN are VBP very RB able JJ writers NNS . SENT Read VVN science NN fiction NN . SENT Go VV to TO science NN fiction NN conventions NNS a DT good JJ way NN to TO meet VV hackers NNS and CC proto NP hackers NNS . SENT Train NN in IN a DT martial JJ arts NNS form NN . SENT The DT kind NN of IN mental JJ discipline NN required VVN for IN martial JJ arts NNS seems VVZ to TO be VB similar JJ in IN important JJ ways NNS to TO what WDT hackers NNS do VVP . SENT The DT most RBS popular JJ forms NNS among IN hackers NNS are VBP definitely RB Asian JJ empty JJ hand NN arts NNS such JJ as IN Tae NP Kwon NP Do NP , , various JJ forms NNS of IN Karate NN , , Wing NP Chun NP , , Aikido NN , , or CC Ju NP Jitsu NP . SENT Western JJ fencing NN and CC Asian JJ sword NN arts NNS also RB have VHP visible JJ followings NNS . SENT In IN places NNS where WRB it's NNS legal JJ , , pistol NN shooting NN has VHZ been VBN rising VVG in IN popularity NN since IN the DT late JJ 1990 CD s PP . SENT The DT most RBS hackerly JJ martial JJ arts NNS are VBP those DT which WDT emphasize VVP mental JJ discipline NN , , relaxed VVN awareness NN , , and CC control NN , , rather RB than IN raw JJ strength NN , , athleticism NN , , or CC physical JJ toughness NN . SENT Study VV an DT actual JJ meditation NN discipline NN . SENT The DT perennial JJ favorite NN among IN hackers NNS is VBZ Zen NN importantly RB , , it PP is VBZ possible JJ to TO benefit VV from IN Zen NN without IN acquiring VVG a DT religion NN or CC discarding VVG one NN you PP already RB have VHP . SENT Other JJ styles NNS may MD work VV as RB well RB , , but CC be VB careful JJ to TO choose VV one CD that IN doesn't NN require VVP you PP to TO believe VV crazy JJ things NNS . SENT Develop VV an DT analytical JJ ear NN for IN music NN . SENT Learn VV to TO appreciate VV peculiar JJ kinds NNS of IN music NN . SENT Learn VV to TO play VV some DT musical JJ instrument NN well RB , , or CC how WRB to TO sing VV . SENT Develop VV your PP$ appreciation NN of IN puns NNS and CC wordplay NN . SENT The DT more JJR of IN these DT things NNS you PP already RB do VVP , , the DT more RBR likely JJ it PP is VBZ that IN you PP are VBP natural JJ hacker NN material NN . SENT Why WRB these DT things NNS in IN particular JJ is VBZ not RB completely RB clear JJ , , but CC they're NN connected VVN with IN a DT mix NN of IN left JJ and CC right JJ brain NN skills NNS that WDT seems VVZ to TO be VB important JJ . SENT hackers NNS need VVP to TO be VB able JJ to TO both DT reason NN logically RB and CC step VV outside IN the DT apparent JJ logic NN of IN a DT problem NN at IN a DT moment's NNS notice VVP . SENT Work VV as RB intensely RB as IN you PP play VVP and CC play VVP as RB intensely RB as IN you PP work VVP . SENT For IN true JJ hackers NNS , , the DT boundaries NNS between IN play NN , , work NN , , science NN and CC art NN all RB tend VVP to TO disappear VV , , or CC to TO merge VV into IN a DT high JJ level NN creative JJ playfulness NN . SENT Also RB , , don't JJS be VB content JJ with IN a DT narrow JJ range NN of IN skills NNS . SENT Though IN most JJS hackers NNS self NN describe VVP as IN programmers NNS , , they PP are VBP very RB likely JJ to TO be VB more JJR than IN competent JJ in IN several JJ related JJ skills NNS system NN administration NN , , web NN design NN , , and CC PC NN hardware NN troubleshooting NN are VBP common JJ ones NNS . SENT A DT hacker NN who's NNS a DT system NN administrator NN , , on IN the DT other JJ hand NN , , is VBZ likely JJ to TO be VB quite RB skilled JJ at IN script NN programming NN and CC web NN design NN . SENT Hackers NNS don't NN do VVP things NNS by IN halves NNS . SENT if IN they PP invest VVP in IN a DT skill NN at IN all DT , , they PP tend VVP to TO get VV very RB good JJ at IN it PP . SENT Finally RB , , a DT few JJ things NNS not RB to TO do VV . SENT Don't NP use VVP a DT silly JJ , , grandiose JJ user NN ID NN or CC screen NN name NN . SENT Don't NP get VVP in IN flame NN wars NNS on IN Usenet NP or CC anywhere RB else RB . SENT Don't NP call VVP yourself PP a DT cyberpunk NN , , and CC don't VVD waste VV your PP$ time NN on IN anybody NN who WP does VVZ . SENT Don't JJ post NN or CC email NP writing VVG that's NNS full JJ of IN spelling VVG errors NNS and CC bad JJ grammar NN . SENT The DT only JJ reputation NN you'll NN make VVP doing VVG any DT of IN these DT things NNS is VBZ as IN a DT twit NN . SENT Hackers NNS have VHP long JJ memories NNS it PP could MD take VV you PP years NNS to TO live VV your PP$ early JJ blunders NNS down RB enough RB to TO be VB accepted VVN . SENT The DT problem NN with IN screen NN names NNS or CC handles VVZ deserves VVZ some DT amplification NN . SENT Concealing VVG your PP$ identity NN behind IN a DT handle VVP is VBZ a DT juvenile JJ and CC silly JJ behavior NN characteristic NN of IN crackers NNS , , warez NP d SYM 00 CD dz NN , , and CC other JJ lower JJR life NN forms NNS . SENT Hackers NNS don't NN do VVP this DT . SENT they're NNS proud JJ of IN what WP they PP do VVP and CC want VVP it PP associated VVN with IN their PP$ real JJ names NNS . SENT So RB if IN you PP have VHP a DT handle VV , , drop VV it PP . SENT In IN the DT hacker NN culture NN it PP will MD only RB mark VV you PP as IN a DT loser NN . SENT Other JJ ResourcesPaul NP Graham NP has VHZ written VVN an DT essay NN called VVD Great JJ Hackers NNS , , and CC another DT on IN Undergraduation NP , , in IN which WDT he PP speaks VVZ much JJ wisdom NN . SENT Peter NP Seebach NP maintains VVZ an DT excellent JJ Hacker NP FAQ NP for IN managers NNS who WP don't VVD understand VV how WRB to TO deal VV with IN hackers NNS . SENT There EX is VBZ a DT document NN called VVD How WRB To TO Be VB A DT Programmer NN that WDT is VBZ an DT excellent JJ complement VV to TO this DT one NN . SENT It PP has VHZ valuable JJ advice NN not RB just RB about IN coding VVG and CC skillsets NNS , , but CC about IN how WRB to TO function VV on IN a DT programming NN team NN . SENT I PP have VHP also RB written VVN A DT Brief NN History NN Of IN Hackerdom NP . SENT I PP have VHP written VVN a DT paper NN , , The DT Cathedral NP and CC the DT Bazaar NN , , which WDT explains VVZ a DT lot NN about IN how WRB the DT Linux NP and CC open JJ source NN cultures NNS work VVP . SENT I PP have VHP addressed VVN this DT topic NN even RB more RBR directly RB in IN its PP$ sequel NN Homesteading VVG the DT Noosphere NP . SENT Rick NP Moen NP has VHZ written VVN an DT excellent JJ document NN on IN how WRB to TO run VV a DT Linux NP user NN group NN . SENT Rick NP Moen NP and CC I PP have VHP collaborated VVD on IN another DT document NN on IN How WRB To TO Ask VV Smart NP Questions NNS . SENT This DT will MD help VV you PP seek VV assistance NN in IN a DT way NN that WDT makes VVZ it PP more RBR likely JJ that IN you PP will MD actually RB get VV it PP . SENT If IN you PP need VVP instruction NN in IN the DT basics NNS of IN how WRB personal JJ computers NNS , , Unix NP , , and CC the DT Internet NN work NN , , see VVP The DT Unix NP and CC Internet NP Fundamentals NNS HOWTO NP . SENT When WRB you PP release VVP software NN or CC write VV patches NNS for IN software NN , , try VVP to TO follow VV the DT guidelines NNS in IN the DT Software NP Release NP Practice NN HOWTO NP . SENT If IN you PP enjoyed VVD the DT Zen NN poem NN , , you PP might MD also RB like VV Rootless JJ Root NP . SENT The DT Unix NP Koans NNS of IN Master NP Foo NP . SENT Frequently RB Asked VVN QuestionsQ NP . SENT How WRB do VVP I PP tell VV if IN I PP am VBP already RB a DT hacker NN . SENT Q NP . SENT Will MD you PP teach VV me PP how WRB to TO hack VV . SENT Q NP . SENT How WRB can MD I PP get VV started VVN , , then RB . SENT Q NP . SENT When WRB do VVP you PP have VHP to TO start VV . SENT Is VBZ it PP too RB late RB for IN me PP to TO learn VV . SENT Q NP . SENT How WRB long RB will MD it PP take VV me PP to TO learn VV to TO hack VV . SENT Q NP . SENT Are VBP Visual NP Basic NP or CC C NP good JJ languages NNS to TO start VV with IN . SENT Q NP . SENT Would MD you PP help VV me PP to TO crack VV a DT system NN , , or CC teach VV me PP how WRB to TO crack VV . SENT Q NP . SENT How WRB can MD I PP get VV the DT password NN for IN someone NN else's NNS account VVP . SENT Q NP . SENT How WRB can MD I PP break VV into IN read VVN monitor NN someone NN else's NP email NP . SENT Q NP . SENT How WRB can MD I PP steal VV channel NN op NN privileges NNS on IN IRC NP . SENT Q NP . SENT I've NNS been VBN cracked VVN . SENT Will MD you PP help VV me PP fend VV off RP further JJR attacks NNS . SENT Q NP . SENT I'm NP having VHG problems NNS with IN my PP$ Windows NNS software NN . SENT Will MD you PP help VV me PP . SENT Q NP . SENT Where WRB can MD I PP find VV some DT real JJ hackers NNS to TO talk VV with IN . SENT Q NP . SENT Can MD you PP recommend VV useful JJ books NNS about IN hacking VVG related JJ subjects NNS . SENT Q NP . SENT Do VV I PP need VVP to TO be VB good JJ at IN math NN to TO become VV a DT hacker NN . SENT Q NP . SENT What WP language NN should MD I PP learn VV first JJ . SENT Q NP . SENT What WP kind NN of IN hardware NN do VVP I PP need VVP . SENT Q NP . SENT I PP want VVP to TO contribute VV . SENT Can MD you PP help VV me PP pick VV a DT problem NN to TO work VV on RP . SENT Q NP . SENT Do VV I PP need VVP to TO hate VV and CC bash VV Microsoft NP . SENT Q NP . SENT But CC won't JJ open JJ source NN software NN leave VVP programmers NNS unable JJ to TO make VV a DT living NN . SENT Q NP . SENT How WRB can MD I PP get VV started VVN . SENT Where WRB can MD I PP get VV a DT free JJ Unix NP . SENT Q NP . SENT How WRB do VVP I PP tell VV if IN I PP am VBP already RB a DT hacker NN . SENT A DT . SENT Ask VV yourself PP the DT following VVG three CD questions NNS . SENT Do VV you PP speak VV code NN , , fluently RB . SENT Do VV you PP identify VV with IN the DT goals NNS and CC values NNS of IN the DT hacker NN community NN . SENT Has VHZ a DT well RB established VVN member NN of IN the DT hacker NN community NN ever RB called VVD you PP a DT hacker NN . SENT If IN you PP can MD answer VV yes RB to TO all DT three CD of IN these DT questions NNS , , you PP are VBP already RB a DT hacker NN . SENT No DT two CD alone RB are VBP sufficient JJ . SENT The DT first JJ test NN is VBZ about IN skills NNS . SENT You PP probably RB pass VV it PP if IN you PP have VHP the DT minimum JJ technical JJ skills NNS described VVD earlier RBR in IN this DT document NN . SENT You PP blow VV right RB through IN it PP if IN you PP have VHP had VHD a DT substantial JJ amount NN of IN code NN accepted VVN by IN an DT open JJ source NN development NN project NN . SENT The DT second JJ test NN is VBZ about IN attitude NN . SENT If IN the DT five CD principles NNS of IN the DT hacker NN mindset NN seemed VVD obvious JJ to TO you PP , , more JJR like IN a DT description NN of IN the DT way NN you PP already RB live VVP than IN anything NN novel NN , , you PP are VBP already RB halfway RB to TO passing VVG it PP . SENT That's NP the DT inward RB half JJ . SENT the DT other JJ , , outward RB half DT is VBZ the DT degree NN to TO which WDT you PP identify VVP with IN the DT hacker NN community's NNS long JJ term NN projects NNS . SENT Here RB is VBZ an DT incomplete JJ but CC indicative JJ list NN of IN some DT of IN those DT projects NNS . SENT Does VVZ it PP matter VV to TO you PP that IN Linux NP improve VV and CC spread VV . SENT Are VBP you PP passionate JJ about IN software NN freedom NN . SENT Hostile JJ to TO monopolies NNS . SENT Do VV you PP act VV on IN the DT belief NN that IN computers NNS can MD be VB instruments NNS of IN empowerment NN that WDT make VVP the DT world NN a DT richer JJR and CC more RBR humane JJ place NN . SENT But CC a DT note NN of IN caution NN is VBZ in IN order NN here RB . SENT The DT hacker NN community NN has VHZ some DT specific JJ , , primarily RB defensive JJ political JJ interests NNS two CD of IN them PP are VBP defending VVG free JJ speech NN rights NNS and CC fending VVG off RP intellectual JJ property NN power NN grabs NNS that WDT would MD make VV open JJ source NN illegal JJ . SENT Some DT of IN those DT long JJ term NN projects NNS are VBP civil JJ liberties NNS organizations NNS like IN the DT Electronic NP Frontier NP Foundation NP . SENT and CC the DT outward RB attitude NN properly RB includes VVZ support NN of IN them PP . SENT But CC beyond IN that IN , , most JJS hackers NNS view VVP attempts NNS to TO systematize VV the DT hacker NN attitude NN into IN an DT explicit JJ political JJ program NN with IN suspicion NN . SENT we've NN learned VVD , , the DT hard JJ way NN , , that IN these DT attempts NNS are VBP divisive JJ and CC distracting JJ . SENT If IN someone NN tries VVZ to TO recruit VV you PP to TO march VV on IN your PP$ capitol NN in IN the DT name NN of IN the DT hacker NN attitude NN , , they've NN missed VVD the DT point NN . SENT The DT right JJ response NN is VBZ probably RB Shut VVN up RP and CC show VV them PP the DT code NN . SENT The DT third JJ test NN has VHZ a DT tricky JJ element NN of IN recursiveness NN about IN it PP . SENT I PP observed VVD in IN the DT section NN called VVD What WP Is VBZ a DT Hacker NP . SENT that IN being VBG a DT hacker NN is VBZ partly RB a DT matter NN of IN belonging VVG to TO a DT particular JJ subculture NN or CC social JJ network NN with IN a DT shared VVN history NN , , an DT inside NN and CC an DT outside NN . SENT In IN the DT far RB past JJ , , hackers NNS were VBD a DT much RB less RBR cohesive JJ and CC self NN aware JJ group NN than IN they PP are VBP today NN . SENT But CC the DT importance NN of IN the DT social JJ network NN aspect NN has VHZ increased VVN over IN the DT last JJ thirty CD years NNS as IN the DT Internet NN has VHZ made VVN connections NNS with IN the DT core NN of IN the DT hacker NN subculture NN easier JJR to TO develop VV and CC maintain VV . SENT One CD easy JJ behavioral JJ index NN of IN the DT change NN is VBZ that IN , , in IN this DT century NN , , we PP have VHP our PP$ own JJ T NN shirts NNS . SENT Sociologists NNS , , who WP study VVP networks NNS like IN those DT of IN the DT hacker NN culture NN under IN the DT general JJ rubric NN of IN invisible JJ colleges NNS , , have VHP noted VVN that IN one CD characteristic NN of IN such JJ networks NNS is VBZ that IN they PP have VHP gatekeepers NNS core JJ members NNS with IN the DT social JJ authority NN to TO endorse VV new JJ members NNS into IN the DT network NN . SENT Because IN the DT invisible JJ college NN that WDT is VBZ hacker NN culture NN is VBZ a DT loose JJ and CC informal JJ one NN , , the DT role NN of IN gatekeeper NN is VBZ informal JJ too RB . SENT But CC one CD thing NN that IN all DT hackers NNS understand VVP in IN their PP$ bones NNS is VBZ that IN not RB every DT hacker NN is VBZ a DT gatekeeper NN . SENT Gatekeepers NNS have VHP to TO have VH a DT certain JJ degree NN of IN seniority NN and CC accomplishment NN before IN they PP can MD bestow VV the DT title NN . SENT How WRB much RB is VBZ hard JJ to TO quantify VV , , but CC every DT hacker NN knows VVZ it PP when WRB they PP see VVP it PP . SENT Q NP . SENT Will MD you PP teach VV me PP how WRB to TO hack VV . SENT A DT . SENT Since IN first RB publishing VVG this DT page NN , , I've NP gotten VVN several JJ requests NNS a DT week NN often RB several JJ a DT day NN from IN people NNS to TO teach VV me PP all DT about RB hacking JJ . SENT Unfortunately RB , , I PP don't VVD have VH the DT time NN or CC energy NN to TO do VV this DT . SENT my PP$ own JJ hacking JJ projects NNS , , and CC working VVG as IN an DT open JJ source NN advocate NN , , take VV up RP 110 CD of IN my PP$ time NN . SENT Even RB if IN I PP did VVD , , hacking NN is VBZ an DT attitude NN and CC skill NN you PP basically RB have VHP to TO teach VV yourself PP . SENT You'll NP find VVP that IN while IN real JJ hackers NNS want VVP to TO help VV you PP , , they PP won't VVD respect VV you PP if IN you PP beg VV to TO be VB spoon VV fed VVN everything NN they PP know VVP . SENT Learn VV a DT few JJ things NNS first JJ . SENT Show VV that DT you're NN trying VVG , , that IN you're NN capable JJ of IN learning VVG on IN your PP$ own JJ . SENT Then RB go VV to TO the DT hackers NNS you PP meet VVP with IN specific JJ questions NNS . SENT If IN you PP do VVP email NP a DT hacker NN asking VVG for IN advice NN , , here RB are VBP two CD things NNS to TO know VV up RP front NN . SENT First RB , , we've NN found VVD that IN people NNS who WP are VBP lazy JJ or CC careless JJ in IN their PP$ writing NN are VBP usually RB too RB lazy JJ and CC careless JJ in IN their PP$ thinking NN to TO make VV good JJ hackers NNS so RB take VVP care NN to TO spell VV correctly RB , , and CC use VV good JJ grammar NN and CC punctuation NN , , otherwise RB you'll RB probably RB be VB ignored VVN . SENT Secondly RB , , don't JJ dare VVP ask VV for IN a DT reply NN to TO an DT ISP NP account NN that's NNS different JJ from IN the DT account NN you're NN sending VVG from IN . SENT we PP find VVP people NNS who WP do VVP that DT are VBP usually RB thieves NNS using VVG stolen JJ accounts NNS , , and CC we PP have VHP no DT interest NN in IN rewarding VVG or CC assisting VVG thievery NN . SENT Q NP . SENT How WRB can MD I PP get VV started VVN , , then RB . SENT A DT . SENT The DT best JJS way NN for IN you PP to TO get VV started VVD would MD probably RB be VB to TO go VV to TO a DT LUG NN Linux NP user NN group NN meeting NN . SENT You PP can MD find VV such JJ groups NNS on IN the DT LDP NP General NP Linux NP Information NP Page NP . SENT there EX is VBZ probably RB one CD near IN you PP , , possibly RB associated VVN with IN a DT college NN or CC university NN . SENT LUG NN members NNS will MD probably RB give VV you PP a DT Linux NP if IN you PP ask VVP , , and CC will MD certainly RB help VV you PP install VV one PP and CC get VV started VVN . SENT Q NP . SENT When WRB do VVP you PP have VHP to TO start VV . SENT Is VBZ it PP too RB late RB for IN me PP to TO learn VV . SENT A DT . SENT Any DT age NN at IN which WDT you PP are VBP motivated VVN to TO start VV is VBZ a DT good JJ age NN . SENT Most JJS people NNS seem VVP to TO get VV interested JJ between IN ages NNS 15 CD and CC 20 CD , , but CC I PP know VVP of IN exceptions NNS in IN both DT directions NNS . SENT Q NP . SENT How WRB long RB will MD it PP take VV me PP to TO learn VV to TO hack VV . SENT A DT . SENT That DT depends VVZ on IN how WRB talented JJ you PP are VBP and CC how WRB hard JJ you PP work VVP at IN it PP . SENT Most JJS people NNS can MD acquire VV a DT respectable JJ skill NN set VVN in IN eighteen CD months NNS to TO two CD years NNS , , if IN they PP concentrate VVP . SENT Don't NP think VVP it PP ends VVZ there RB , , though RB . SENT if IN you PP are VBP a DT real JJ hacker NN , , you PP will MD spend VV the DT rest NN of IN your PP$ life NN learning VVG and CC perfecting VVG your PP$ craft NN . SENT Q NP . SENT Are VBP Visual NP Basic NP or CC C NP good JJ languages NNS to TO start VV with IN . SENT A DT . SENT If IN you're NN asking VVG this DT question NN , , it PP almost RB certainly RB means VVZ you're NN thinking NN about IN trying VVG to TO hack VV under IN Microsoft NP Windows NNS . SENT This DT is VBZ a DT bad JJ idea NN in IN itself PP . SENT When WRB I PP compared VVD trying VVG to TO learn VV to TO hack VV under IN Windows NNS to TO trying VVG to TO learn VV to TO dance VV while IN wearing VVG a DT body NN cast NN , , I PP wasn't VVD kidding VVG . SENT Don't NP go VVP there RB . SENT It's NNS ugly JJ , , and CC it PP never RB stops VVZ being VBG ugly JJ . SENT There EX are VBP specific JJ problems NNS with IN Visual NP Basic NP and CC C NP . SENT mainly RB that DT they're NN not RB portable JJ . SENT Though IN there EX are VBP prototype NN open JJ source NN implementations NNS of IN these DT languages NNS , , the DT applicable JJ ECMA NP standards NNS don't VVD cover VV more RBR than IN a DT small JJ set NN of IN their PP$ programming NN interfaces NNS . SENT On IN Windows NNS most RBS of IN their PP$ library NN support NN is VBZ proprietary JJ to TO a DT single JJ vendor NN Microsoft NP . SENT if IN you PP aren't VVD extremely RB careful JJ about IN which WDT features NNS you PP use VVP more RBR careful JJ than IN any DT newbie NN is VBZ really RB capable JJ of IN being VBG you'll JJ end NN up RB locked VVN into IN only RB those DT platforms NNS Microsoft NP chooses VVZ to TO support VV . SENT If IN you're NN starting VVG on IN a DT Unix NP , , much RB better JJR languages NNS with IN better JJR libraries NNS are VBP available JJ . SENT Python NN , , for IN example NN . SENT Visual NP Basic NP is VBZ especially RB awful JJ . SENT Like IN other JJ Basics NNS it's NNS a DT poorly RB designed VVN language NN that WDT will MD teach VV you PP bad JJ programming NN habits NNS . SENT No RB , , don't JJ ask VVP me PP to TO describe VV them PP in IN detail NN . SENT that DT explanation NN would MD fill VV a DT book NN . SENT Learn VV a DT well RB designed VVN language NN instead RB . SENT One CD of IN those DT bad JJ habits NNS is VBZ becoming VVG dependent JJ on IN a DT single JJ vendor's NN libraries NNS , , widgets NNS , , and CC development NN tools NNS . SENT In IN general NN , , any DT language NN that IN isn't NN fully RB supported VVD under IN at IN least JJS Linux NP or CC one CD of IN the DT BSDs NP , , and CC or CC at IN least JJS three CD different JJ vendors NNS operating VVG systems NNS , , is VBZ a DT poor JJ one NN to TO learn VV to TO hack VV in IN . SENT Q NP . SENT Would MD you PP help VV me PP to TO crack VV a DT system NN , , or CC teach VV me PP how WRB to TO crack VV . SENT A DT . SENT No UH . SENT Anyone NN who WP can MD still RB ask VV such PDT a DT question NN after IN reading VVG this DT FAQ NP is VBZ too RB stupid JJ to TO be VB educable JJ even RB if IN I PP had VHD the DT time NN for IN tutoring VVG . SENT Any DT emailed JJ requests NNS of IN this DT kind NN that IN I PP get VVP will MD be VB ignored VVN or CC answered VVN with IN extreme JJ rudeness NN . SENT Q NP . SENT How WRB can MD I PP get VV the DT password NN for IN someone NN else's NNS account VVP . SENT A DT . SENT This DT is VBZ cracking VVG . SENT Go VV away RB , , idiot NN . SENT Q NP . SENT How WRB can MD I PP break VV into IN read VVN monitor NN someone NN else's NP email NP . SENT A DT . SENT This DT is VBZ cracking VVG . SENT Get VV lost VVN , , moron NN . SENT Q NP . SENT How WRB can MD I PP steal VV channel NN op NN privileges NNS on IN IRC NP . SENT A DT . SENT This DT is VBZ cracking VVG . SENT Begone NP , , cretin NN . SENT Q NP . SENT I've NNS been VBN cracked VVN . SENT Will MD you PP help VV me PP fend VV off RP further JJR attacks NNS . SENT A DT . SENT No UH . SENT Every DT time NN I've NN been VBN asked VVN this DT question NN so RB far RB , , it's NNS been VBN from IN some DT poor JJ sap NN running VVG Microsoft NP Windows NNS . SENT It PP is VBZ not RB possible JJ to TO effectively RB secure VV Windows NNS systems NNS against IN crack NN attacks NNS . SENT the DT code NN and CC architecture NN simply RB have VHP too RB many JJ flaws NNS , , which WDT makes VVZ securing VVG Windows NNS like IN trying VVG to TO bail VV out RP a DT boat NN with IN a DT sieve NN . SENT The DT only JJ reliable JJ prevention NN starts VVZ with IN switching VVG to TO Linux NP or CC some DT other JJ operating NN system NN that WDT is VBZ designed VVN to TO at IN least JJS be VB capable JJ of IN security NN . SENT Q NP . SENT I'm NP having VHG problems NNS with IN my PP$ Windows NNS software NN . SENT Will MD you PP help VV me PP . SENT A DT . SENT Yes UH . SENT Go VV to TO a DT DOS NP prompt JJ and CC type NN format NN c SYM . SENT . SENT Any DT problems NNS you PP are VBP experiencing VVG will NN cease VV within IN a DT few JJ minutes NNS . SENT Q NP . SENT Where WRB can MD I PP find VV some DT real JJ hackers NNS to TO talk VV with IN . SENT A DT . SENT The DT best JJS way NN is VBZ to TO find VV a DT Unix NP or CC Linux NP user's NNS group NN local JJ to TO you PP and CC go VV to TO their PP$ meetings NNS you PP can MD find VV links NNS to TO several JJ lists NNS of IN user NN groups NNS on IN the DT LDP NP site NN at IN ibiblio NN . SENT I PP used VVD to TO say VV here RB that IN you PP wouldn't VVD find VV any DT real JJ hackers NNS on IN IRC NP , , but CC I'm NP given VVN to TO understand VV this DT is VBZ changing VVG . SENT Apparently RB some DT real JJ hacker NN communities NNS , , attached VVN to TO things NNS like IN GIMP NN and CC Perl NP , , have VH IRC NP channels NNS now RB . SENT Q NP . SENT Can MD you PP recommend VV useful JJ books NNS about IN hacking VVG related JJ subjects NNS . SENT A DT . SENT I PP maintain VVP a DT Linux NP Reading NN List NP HOWTO NP that IN you PP may MD find VV helpful JJ . SENT The DT Loginataka NP may MD also RB be VB interesting JJ . SENT For IN an DT introduction NN to TO Python NN , , see VVP the DT introductory JJ materials NNS on IN the DT Python NN site NN . SENT Q NP . SENT Do VV I PP need VVP to TO be VB good JJ at IN math NN to TO become VV a DT hacker NN . SENT A DT . SENT No UH . SENT Hacking NP uses VVZ very RB little JJ formal JJ mathematics NNS or CC arithmetic NN . SENT In IN particular JJ , , you PP won't VVD usually RB need VV trigonometry NN , , calculus NN or CC analysis NN there EX are VBP exceptions NNS to TO this DT in IN a DT handful NN of IN specific JJ application NN areas NNS like IN 3 CD D NP computer NN graphics NNS . SENT Knowing VVG some DT formal JJ logic NN and CC Boolean JJ algebra NN is VBZ good JJ . SENT Some DT grounding NN in IN finite JJ mathematics NNS including VVG finite JJ set NN theory NN , , combinatorics NNS , , and CC graph NN theory NN can MD be VB helpful JJ . SENT Much RB more RBR importantly RB . SENT you PP need VVP to TO be VB able JJ to TO think VV logically RB and CC follow VV chains NNS of IN exact JJ reasoning NN , , the DT way NN mathematicians NNS do VVP . SENT While IN the DT content NN of IN most JJS mathematics NN won't NN help VV you PP , , you PP will MD need VV the DT discipline NN and CC intelligence NN to TO handle VV mathematics NNS . SENT If IN you PP lack VVP the DT intelligence NN , , there EX is VBZ little JJ hope NN for IN you PP as IN a DT hacker NN . SENT if IN you PP lack VVP the DT discipline NN , , you'd NN better RBR grow VV it PP . SENT I PP think VVP a DT good JJ way NN to TO find VV out RP if IN you PP have VHP what WP it PP takes VVZ is VBZ to TO pick VV up RP a DT copy NN of IN Raymond NP Smullyan's NP book NN What WP Is VBZ The DT Name NN Of IN This DT Book NN . SENT . SENT Smullyan's NP playful JJ logical JJ conundrums NNS are VBP very RB much JJ in IN the DT hacker NN spirit NN . SENT Being VBG able JJ to TO solve VV them PP is VBZ a DT good JJ sign NN . SENT enjoying VVG solving VVG them PP is VBZ an DT even RB better JJR one NN . SENT Q NP . SENT What WP language NN should MD I PP learn VV first JJ . SENT A DT . SENT XHTML NP the DT latest JJS dialect NN of IN HTML NP if IN you PP don't VVD already RB know VV it PP . SENT There EX are VBP a DT lot NN of IN glossy JJ , , hype NN intensive JJ bad JJ HTML NP books NNS out RB there RB , , and CC distressingly RB few JJ good JJ ones NNS . SENT The DT one CD I PP like IN best JJS is VBZ HTML NP . SENT The DT Definitive JJ Guide NP . SENT But CC HTML NP is VBZ not RB a DT full JJ programming NN language NN . SENT When WRB you're NN ready JJ to TO start VV programming NN , , I PP would MD recommend VV starting VVG with IN Python NN . SENT You PP will MD hear VV a DT lot NN of IN people NNS recommending VVG Perl NP , , and CC Perl NP is VBZ still RB more RBR popular JJ than IN Python NN , , but CC it's NNS harder JJR to TO learn VV and CC in IN my PP$ opinion NN less RBR well RB designed VVN . SENT C NP is VBZ really RB important JJ , , but CC it's NNS also RB much RB more RBR difficult JJ than IN either DT Python NN or CC Perl NP . SENT Don't NP try VVP to TO learn VV it PP first JJ . SENT Windows NNS users NNS , , do VVP not RB settle VV for IN Visual NP Basic NP . SENT It PP will MD teach VV you PP bad JJ habits NNS , , and CC it's NNS not RB portable JJ off IN Windows NNS . SENT Avoid VV . SENT Q NP . SENT What WP kind NN of IN hardware NN do VVP I PP need VVP . SENT A DT . SENT It PP used VVD to TO be VB that IN personal JJ computers NNS were VBD rather RB underpowered VVN and CC memory NN poor NN , , enough RB so RB that IN they PP placed VVD artificial JJ limits NNS on IN a DT hacker's NNS learning VVG process NN . SENT This DT stopped VVN being VBG true JJ in IN the DT mid JJ 1990 CD s PP . SENT any DT machine NN from IN an DT Intel NP 486 CD DX NP 50 CD up RB is VBZ more JJR than IN powerful JJ enough NN for IN development NN work NN , , X NP , , and CC Internet NN communications NNS , , and CC the DT smallest JJS disks NNS you PP can MD buy VV today NN are VBP plenty RB big JJ enough RB . SENT The DT important JJ thing NN in IN choosing VVG a DT machine NN on IN which WDT to TO learn VV is VBZ whether IN its PP$ hardware NN is VBZ Linux NP compatible JJ or CC BSD NP compatible JJ , , should MD you PP choose VV to TO go VV that DT route NN . SENT Again RB , , this DT will MD be VB true JJ for IN almost RB all DT modern JJ machines NNS . SENT The DT only RB real JJ sticky JJ area NN is VBZ modems NNS . SENT some DT machines NNS have VHP Windows NNS specific JJ hardware NN that IN won't JJ work NN with IN Linux NP . SENT There's RB a DT FAQ NP on IN hardware NN compatibility NN . SENT the DT latest JJS version NN is VBZ here RB . SENT Q NP . SENT I PP want VVP to TO contribute VV . SENT Can MD you PP help VV me PP pick VV a DT problem NN to TO work VV on RP . SENT A DT . SENT No RB , , because IN I PP don't VVD know VV your PP$ talents NNS or CC interests NNS . SENT You PP have VHP to TO be VB self NN motivated VVN or CC you PP won't VVD stick NN , , which WDT is VBZ why RB having VHG other JJ people NNS choose VVP your PP$ direction NN almost RB never RB works VVZ . SENT Try VV this DT . SENT Watch VV the DT project NN announcements NNS scroll VV by IN on IN Freshmeat NN for IN a DT few JJ days NNS . SENT When WRB you PP see VVP one NN that WDT makes VVZ you PP think VVP Cool NP . SENT I'd NP like VVP to TO work VV on IN that DT . SENT , , join VV it PP . SENT Q NP . SENT Do VV I PP need VVP to TO hate VV and CC bash VV Microsoft NP . SENT A DT . SENT No UH , , you PP don't VVD . SENT Not RB that DT Microsoft NP isn't NN loathsome JJ , , but CC there EX was VBD a DT hacker NN culture NN long RB before IN Microsoft NP and CC there EX will MD still RB be VB one CD long RB after IN Microsoft NP is VBZ history NN . SENT Any DT energy NN you PP spend VVP hating VVG Microsoft NP would MD be VB better RBR spent VVN on IN loving JJ your PP$ craft NN . SENT Write VV good JJ code NN that WDT will MD bash VV Microsoft NP quite RB sufficiently RB without IN polluting VVG your PP$ karma NN . SENT Q NP . SENT But CC won't JJ open JJ source NN software NN leave VVP programmers NNS unable JJ to TO make VV a DT living NN . SENT A DT . SENT This DT seems VVZ unlikely JJ so RB far RB , , the DT open JJ source NN software NN industry NN seems VVZ to TO be VB creating VVG jobs NNS rather RB than IN taking VVG them PP away RP . SENT If IN having VHG a DT program NN written VVN is VBZ a DT net JJ economic JJ gain NN over IN not RB having VHG it PP written VVN , , a DT programmer NN will MD get VV paid VVN whether IN or CC not RB the DT program NN is VBZ going VVG to TO be VB open JJ source NN after IN it's NNS done VVN . SENT And CC , , no DT matter NN how WRB much JJ free JJ software NN gets VVZ written VVN , , there EX always RB seems VVZ to TO be VB more JJR demand NN for IN new JJ and CC customized JJ applications NNS . SENT I've NN written VVN more RBR about IN this DT at IN the DT Open JJ Source NN pages NNS . SENT Q NP . SENT How WRB can MD I PP get VV started VVN . SENT Where WRB can MD I PP get VV a DT free JJ Unix NP . SENT A DT . SENT If IN you're NN looking VVG for IN a DT first JJ project NN to TO do VV , , don't JJ ask VVP me PP for IN one CD . SENT Instead RB , , go VV watch VV the DT project NN and CC release NN announcements NNS on IN Freshmeat NN for IN a DT project NN that WDT looks VVZ interesting JJ to TO you PP , , and CC join VV it PP . SENT If IN you PP don't VVD even RB have VH a DT Unix NP installed VVN on IN your PP$ machine NN yet RB , , elsewhere RB on IN this DT page NN I PP include VVP pointers NNS to TO where WRB to TO get VV the DT most RBS commonly RB used VVN free JJ Unix NP . SENT To TO be VB a DT hacker NN you PP need VVP motivation NN and CC initiative NN and CC the DT ability NN to TO educate VV yourself PP . SENT Start VV now RB . SENT . SENT . SENT