/Users/andrea/_magisterarbeit/korpus/clean/trainkorpus/1/file_205.html NN ----------------------------------------- : Multimedia NNS in IN Switzerland NP SLIM JJ Draft NP document NN Jan NP . SENT 28 CD th NN 1997 CD The DT Swiss JJ shaping VVG of IN multimedia NNS MM NP . SENT influence NN from IN a DT world NN wide JJ explosion NN and CC national JJ accommodation NN When WRB reporting VVG on IN how WRB MM NP emerged VVD and CC is VBZ now RB evolving VVG in IN the DT national JJ context NN of IN Switzerland NP , , it PP appears VVZ necessary JJ , , as IN preliminary JJ remark NN , , to TO stress VV the DT distinction NN between IN the DT endogenous JJ and CC exogenous JJ construction NN production NN of IN MM NP . SENT Although IN both CC interact VV , , it PP is VBZ important JJ to TO emphasise VV that IN , , as RB in IN many JJ countries NNS , , endogenous JJ production NN of IN MM NP is VBZ quite RB marginal JJ in IN regard NN of IN exogenous JJ MM NP implementation NN . 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SENT Still RB , , most JJS of IN what WP is VBZ happening VVG in IN Switzerland NP is VBZ basically RB of IN exogenous JJ character NN Microsoft NP , , CNN NP , , Nintendo NP and CC other JJ similar JJ content NN providers NNS , , although IN there EX are VBP , , of IN course NN , , in IN Switzerland NP , , as RB will MD be VB shown VVN further RBR , , truly RB local JJ manifestations NNS of IN this DT MM NP global JJ emergence NN . SENT In IN this DT fast JJ changing VVG context NN , , it PP is VBZ worth JJ stressing VVG that IN the DT approaching VVG 1998 CD deregulation NN deadline NN gives VVZ rise VV to TO several JJ preliminary JJ manoeuvres NNS and CC merges VVZ of IN big JJ national JJ and CC international JJ Telecom NP operators NNS , , e NN . SENT g NN . SENT . SENT Swiss NP Telecom NP PTT's NP projects VVZ 1 CD supplied VVN by IN service NN providers NNS and CC system NN operators NNS such JJ as IN Siemens NP , , AT IN T NN , , Phillips NP , , etc FW . SENT , , consortium NN building NN such JJ as IN Unisource NP 2 CD big JJ players NNS interested VVN in IN Telecom NP market NN shares NNS Swiss JJ railway NN company NN CFF NP , , retailers NNS such JJ as IN Migros NP , , banks NNS such JJ as IN UBS NP , , multinational JJ companies NNS such JJ as IN Nestl NP and CC Philips NP , , etc FW . SENT . SENT Some DT of IN these DT current JJ developments NNS will MD be VB commented VVD further JJR upon IN in IN the DT continuation NN of IN this DT text NN . SENT Key JJ points NNS of IN the DT Swiss JJ MM NP developments NNS 1 CD . SENT No DT national JJ MM NP policy NN at IN sight NN . SENT Switzerland NP is VBZ a DT truly RB decentralised VVN country NN , , with IN an DT ultra JJ liberal JJ orientation NN There EX is VBZ clearly RB no DT national JJ debate NN on IN MM NP issues NNS in IN Switzerland NP 3 CD . SENT This DT is VBZ not RB so RB strange JJ , , since IN it PP can MD be VB said VVN that IN there EX is VBZ no DT technology NN policy NN at IN national JJ level NN 4 CD outside NN of IN some DT sector NN based VVN attempts NNS in IN CIM NP 5 CD and CC micro NP technique NN for IN instance NN . SENT Of IN course NN , , there EX are VBP fragmentary JJ manifestations NNS of IN the DT central JJ state NN 6 CD , , in IN the DT form NN of IN initiatives NNS and CC general JJ debates NNS pornography NN , , security NN , , property NN rights NNS , , etc FW . SENT Still RB , , Switzerland NP doesn't NP have VHP any DT master NN plan NN for IN the DT Information NP Superhighways NNS , , no DT dedicated JJ departments NNS , , nor CC central JJ research NN institutions NNS such JJ as IN the DT ones NNS in IN France NP CNET NP , , for IN instance NN . 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SENT The DT Swiss JJ ultra JJ liberal JJ technology NN policy NN that WDT goes VVZ far RB beyond IN the DT MM NP field NN expresses VVZ in IN the DT State's NP blind JJ confidence NN in IN the DT private JJ sector NN to TO initiate VV MM NP projects NNS . SENT Exceptions NNS are VBP three CD PTT NP supported VVN projects NNS . SENT the DT 5 CD year NN national JJ priority NN programme NN CMC NP 7 CD from IN 87 CD 92 CD , , the DT preferred JJ Videotex NP system NN to TO the DT Minitel NP formula NN in IN the DT 80 CD s NN 8 CD , , the DT Swiss NP Telecom NP Internet NP access NN platform NN Blue NP Window NN , , presented VVN further RBR . SENT To TO give VV an DT indication NN of IN the DT early JJ role NN the DT Swiss JJ PTT NP have VHP played VVN in IN the DT MM NP construzction NN in IN Switzerland NP , , it PP is VBZ necessary JJ to TO examine VV more JJR in IN depth NN the DT first JJ one NN of IN these DT experiment NN . SENT An DT early JJ actor NN . SENT the DT Swiss NP Telecom NP PTT NP and CC the DT CMC NP experiment NN 9 CD The DT only JJ effort NN at IN national JJ scale NN that WDT could MD resemble VV a DT national JJ policy NN component NN was VBD the DT PTT NP experiment NN called VVD CMC NN carried VVD out RP between IN 1989 CD and CC 1992 CD . SENT 18 CD test NN sites NNS were VBD chosen VVN in IN the DT whole JJ country NN , , according VVG to TO criteria NNS such JJ as IN local JJ motivation NN , , originality NN of IN pre NP projects NNS and CC diversity NN of IN situations NNS central JJ and CC peripheral JJ , , linguistically RB scattered VVN . SENT The DT objective NN was VBD to TO explore VV needs NNS , , opportunities NNS and CC technical JJ feasibility NN , , in IN these DT various JJ contexts NNS , , of IN telematics NN applications NNS . SENT Many JJ projects NNS failed VVD , , or CC did VVD not RB get VV to TO the DT implementation NN stage NN . SENT It PP is VBZ quite RB possible JJ that IN there EX were VBD simply RB too RB many JJ and CC too RB diverse JJ initiatives NNS to TO be VB monitored VVN . SENT In IN addition NN , , it PP seems VVZ that IN the DT follow VV up RP phase NN was VBD not RB taken VVN care NN of IN or CC not RB even RB forethought NN in IN the DT experiment's JJ blueprint NN . SENT Four CD years NNS after IN the DT final JJ report NN , , it PP would MD be VB interesting JJ to TO see VV what WP remains VVZ of IN the DT 18 CD projects NNS and CC what WP has VHZ been VBN the DT leverage NN effect NN on IN local JJ realisations NNS and CC technological JJ culture NN . SENT Some DT projects NNS were VBD obviously RB stimulating VVG and CC enduring VVG successes NNS , , such JJ as IN a DT tele NP medecine NN experiment NN tele NP diagnostic JJ and CC tele NP microscopy NN between IN a DT University NP hospital NN Basle NN and CC a DT cantonal JJ hospital NN Semadan NP , , Ticino NP . 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SENT Firstly RB , , the DT Top JJ Vision NP experiments NNS Grenchen NP and CC Nyon NP launched VVD in IN 1995 CD and CC monitored VVN by IN Swiss NP Telecom NP PTT NP , , but CC supplied VVD by IN a DT varied JJ range NN of IN contend VV providers NNS and CC cable NN operators NNS e NN . SENT g NN . SENT Phillips NP , , Alcatel NP , , Nestl NP . SENT Due JJ to TO this DT diversity NN of IN actors NNS , , this DT ongoing JJ experiment NN is VBZ difficult JJ to TO assess VV similar JJ tele NP services NNS experiments NNS like IN tele NP shopping NN , , tele NP marketing NN , , are VBP also RB taking VVG place NN under IN other JJ labels NNS at IN regional JJ or CC city NN level NN . SENT Secondly RB , , service NN provision NN in IN remote JJ areas NNS such JJ as IN Sion NP Wallis NP . SENT Thirdly RB , , medical JJ engineering NN experiments NNS in IN academic JJ institutions NNS and CC companies NNS in IN the DT fertile JJ niche NN around IN Geneva NP Lake NP . SENT 2 LS . SENT Switzerland's NP international JJ vocation NN There EX are VBP good JJ grounds NNS to TO think VV that IN Switzerland NP hosts VVZ a DT specificity NN linked VVN with IN its PP$ presumed JJ international JJ vocation NN . SENT The DT main JJ characteristics NNS of IN this DT internationality NN are VBP the DT following NN , , first JJ in IN the DT MM NP field NN . SENT the DT organisation NN of IN the DT international JJ Telecom NP fair NN , , mainly RB sponsored VVN by IN the DT International NP Telecommunications NPS Union NP ITU NP event NN occuring VVG in IN Geneva NP every DT 5 CD year NN , , other JJ fairs NNS clearly RB identified VVN as IN international JJ gatherings NNS in IN Montreux NP , , Basel NP and CC Zurich NP , , on IN MM NP , , marketing NN , , education NN material NN , , mainly RB that IN the DT Swiss JJ market's NN size NN could MD never RB justify VV . SENT To TO that DT , , we PP can MD add VV indirectly RB MM NP related JJ activities NNS . SENT international JJ oriented JJ banks NNS , , the DT importance NN of IN tourism NN second JJ industry NN in IN rank NN , , the DT presence NN of IN many JJ international JJ organisations NNS 10 CD , , and CC multinational JJ enterprises NNS headquarters NN world NN wide JJ or CC European JJ headquarters NNS , , sometimes RB branches NNS for IN special JJ development NN , , frequently RB MM NP MM NP related VVD fields NNS IBM NP , , Silicon NP Graphics NP , , Sun NP , , HP NP , , Control NP Data NP , , NEC NP and CC Reuters NP are VBP good JJ examples NNS of IN this DT . SENT 3 LS . 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SENT Finally RB , , although IN on IN the DT verge NN of IN confronting VVG deregulation NN , , Swiss NP Telecom NP PTT NP still RB plays VVZ a DT major JJ role NN in IN the DT implementation NN of IN the DT RNIS NP and CC ATM NN services NNS . SENT The DT following VVG areas NNS . SENT distant JJ education NN , , CAD NN CAM NN supported VVN CIM NP solutions NNS , , office NN automation NN in IN public JJ administration NN services NNS , , electronic JJ press NN developments NNS , , tele NP banking NN 12 CD , , medical JJ engineering NN and CC virtual JJ world NN research NN and CC experiments NNS , , are VBP the DT areas NNS where WRB MM NP is VBZ now RB predominant JJ and CC being VBG developed VVN by IN both DT private JJ and CC public JJ bodies NNS . SENT The DT main JJ characteristic NN of IN this DT turmoil NN is VBZ the DT rather RB scattered VVN manner NN in IN which WDT things NNS appear VVP . SENT Little JJ or CC no DT co NP ordination NN at IN all DT is VBZ done VVN 13 CD . SENT There EX are VBP a DT few JJ exceptions NNS worth IN mentioning VVG , , though RB . SENT In IN this DT respect NN , , let VVD us PP stress VVP the DT effort NN of IN the DT Technology NP Assessment NP TA NP unit NN of IN the DT Swiss NP Council NP of IN Science NP CSS NP , , which WDT sponsored VVD two CD pilot NN studies NNS on IN telecommunication NN developments NNS in IN view NN of IN deregulation NN processes NNS and CC on IN electronic JJ markets NNS 14 CD and CC launched VVN in IN December NP 1996 CD a DT call NN for IN proposals NNS in IN two CD key JJ areas NNS . SENT virtual JJ democracy NN and CC ICTs NNS in IN education NN . SENT It PP is VBZ the DT first JJ time NN that IN some DT kind NN of IN national JJ initiative NN although IN in IN this DT case NN , , it PP is VBZ an DT initiative NN with IN limited JJ means NNS suggests VVZ a DT need NN for IN a DT conceptual JJ if IN not RB strategic JJ approach NN to TO the DT MM NP and CC Information NP Superhighways NNS issues NNS . SENT Linked VVN to TO this DT effort NN , , let VV us PP mention VV . SENT the DT strategy NN of IN Commission NP de NP planification NN universitaire NP de FW la FW Conf NP rence NP Universitaire NP Suisse NP CPU NN CUS NP in IN the DT area NN of IN new JJ educational JJ technologies NNS , , the DT support NN and CC follow VV up RP of IN the DT Office NN f NN d SYM ral JJ de NP l NN ducation NN et CC de FW la FW science NN OFES NNS , , of IN international JJ programmes NNS and CC Swiss JJ participation NN in IN European NP Research NP , , the DT participation NN of IN the DT Office NN f NN d SYM ral JJ de NP l'informatique NN OFI NP in IN the DT G NP 7 CD initiatives NNS see VVP further RBR . SENT They PP all RB fit VVP in IN the DT same JJ framework NN , , which WDT is VBZ still RB sector NN based VVN , , but CC nationally RB inspired VVN and CC if IN not RB co NP ordinated VVD , , at IN least JJS open JJ to TO a DT better JJR circulation NN of IN strategic JJ information NN among IN key JJ actors NNS . SENT 4 LS . 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SENT Sierre NP , , interactive JJ television NN experiments NNS Nyon NP and CC Grenchen NP , , within IN the DT PTT NP related JJ concept NN Swiss NP Top NP Vision NP . SENT These DT are VBP a DT few JJ but CC creative JJ examples NNS that WDT take VVP place NN at IN small JJ regional JJ scale NN cantons NNS , , parts NNS of IN cantons NNS or CC cities NNS , , even RB small JJ towns NNS . SENT Some DT of IN these DT developments NNS are VBP to TO be VB related VVN with IN the DT metropolisation NN of IN Switzerland NP in IN a DT few JJ key JJ urban JJ areas NNS Geneva NP Lausanne NP , , Basle NP , , Zurich NP , , Ticino NP as IN part NN of IN the DT Italian JJ Como NP Varese NP area NN , , others NNS are VBP more RBR peripheral JJ and CC come VV out RP as IN numerous JJ isolated JJ actions NNS , , or CC sometimes RB co NP ordinated JJ actions NNS e NN . SENT g NN . SENT within IN the DT regrouping VVG of IN 5 CD cantons NNS in IN the DT north JJ central JJ part NN of IN Switzerland NP called VVD Mitteland NP . SENT Probably RB due JJ to TO this DT lack NN of IN central JJ policy NN , , these DT regional JJ implementations NNS appear VVP to TO be VB the DT most RBS salient JJ experiments NNS in IN MM NP . SENT The DT PTT NP supported VVD implementations NNS of IN ISDN NP and CC ATM NN cables NNS and CC switches NNS , , the DT developments NNS of IN the DT Federal NP Institute NP of IN Technology NP in IN Zurich NP and CC Lausanne NP in IN ATM NN based VVN tele NP teaching NN called VVD Telepoly NP and CC the DT innovations NNS developed VVN by IN the DT major JJ banks NNS are VBP exceptions NNS to TO that DT regional JJ trend NN moreover RB , , to TO some DT extent NN , , the DT two CD latter JJ ones NNS have VHP strong JJ regional JJ implications NNS . SENT 5 LS . SENT Switzerland's NP paradoxical JJ hunger NN for IN Europe NP On IN December NP 6 CD Th NN . SENT , , 1992 CD , , Switzerland NP voted VVD no RB to TO the DT European NP Economic NP Space NP and CC ever RB since IN then RB , , some DT institutional JJ and CC private JJ actors NNS have VHP tried VVN to TO push VV forward RB the DT links NNS with IN the DT European JJ institutions NNS we PP are VBP ourselves PP a DT tiny JJ part NN of IN that DT effort NN . SENT . 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SENT In IN this DT context NN , , at IN national JJ level NN , , the DT only JJ attempt NN to TO create VV conditions NNS of IN a DT future JJ coordination NN or CC monitoring NN activity NN may MD well RB be VB the DT Global JJ Inventory NN Project NN GIP NN , , one CD of IN ISPO's NP G NP 7 CD initiated VVD pilot NN projects NNS , , monitored VVN by IN the DT Swiss NP Computing NP Department NP OFI NP , , with IN the DT objective NN of IN building VVG an DT inventory NN of IN MM NP , , telematics NN and CC electronic JJ superhighways NNS like IN activities NNS and CC projects NNS taking VVG place NN in IN the DT country NN . 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SENT science NN strongly RB and CC in IN many JJ sub NN areas NNS , , at IN various JJ levels NNS , , banks NNS , , tourist NN agencies NNS , , libraries NNS with IN a DT common JJ search NN system NN for IN all DT libraries NNS in IN the DT country NN , , museums NNS for IN instance NN , , the DT new JJ Olympic NP Museum NP in IN Lausanne NP is VBZ largely RB based VVN upon IN interactive JJ MM NP , , medical JJ engineering NN 17 CD , , cities NNS and CC regions NNS with IN the DT setting VVG up RP of IN electronic JJ malls NNS and CC Metropolitan NP Area NP Networks NPS such JJ as IN the DT Geneva NP MAN NN , , several JJ Federal NP institutions NNS , , as RB already RB mentioned VVN , , some DT of IN them PP , , like IN l'Office NN f NN d SYM ral JJ v NN t NN rinaire NN , , for IN instance NN , , being VBG quite RB innovative JJ , , the DT Swiss NP Broadcasting NP Corporation NP 18 CD , , the DT graphic JJ art NN industry NN , , the DT press NN and CC publishing NN sectors NNS important JJ ongoing JJ electronic JJ press NN developments NNS 19 CD , , big JJ enterprises NNS , , through IN rapid JJ developments NNS and CC implementation NN of IN intra NN nets NNS and CC extra JJ nets NNS , , regional JJ fair JJ promoters NNS in IN the DT MM NP field NN and CC related JJ domains NNS . 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SENT Internet NP service NN providers NNS and CC Green NN Window NN a DT kind NN Internet NN strategic JJ observatory NN , , managed VVN by IN a DT major JJ publisher NN were VBD launched VVN last JJ September NP 96 CD on IN Internet NN to TO debate VV daily JJ Telecom NP and CC Internet NP news NN rapidly RB moving VVG , , fuzzy JJ and CC chaotic JJ . SENT This DT forum NN hosts VVZ a DT three CD fold VVP debate NN around IN Internet NN developments NNS and CC represents VVZ all PDT the DT actors NNS and CC users NNS in IN an DT arena NN . SENT Thus RB , , in IN the DT foreground NN of IN these DT strategic JJ moves NNS before IN the DT deregulatory NN era NN , , we PP are VBP attending VVG to TO the DT emergence NN of IN new JJ kinds NNS of IN actors NNS info NN highways NNS consultants NNS , , filling VVG the DT gap NN between IN information NN producers NNS and CC their PP$ users NNS needs NNS , , looking VVG for IN and CC digesting VVG the DT information NN . 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SENT a DT first JJ analysis NN leads VVZ us PP to TO think VV that IN the DT academic JJ community NN , , in IN this DT domain NN , , tends VVZ to TO be VB out RP of IN phase NN upward RB or CC ahead RB in IN its PP$ possible JJ relation NN with IN the DT needs NNS of IN the DT corporate JJ world NN . SENT Companies NNS , , as RB for IN themselves PP , , have VHP the DT dilemma NN of IN integrating VVG emerging VVG technologies NNS at IN the DT right JJ moment NN , , neither CC too RB early JJ which WDT could MD mean VV co NP financing NN risks NNS at IN too RB high JJ a DT level NN , , nor CC too RB late JJ which WDT would MD mean VV losing VVG market NN shares NNS . SENT Hence RB , , they PP play VVP cautiously RB . SENT Generally RB speaking VVG , , there EX could MD be VB a DT better JJR communication NN and CC more RBR common JJ and CC synergic JJ projects NNS between IN science NN and CC industry NN . SENT Precisely RB , , now RB , , how WRB about RB enterprises NNS . SENT At IN this DT moment NN , , apart RB from IN the DT press NN , , graphical JJ arts NNS , , TV NP related JJ activities NNS , , banks NNS some RB like IN the DT UBS NP have VH their PP$ own JJ ICT JJ research NN centre NN , , and CC CAD NN CAM NN applications NNS in IN the DT machine NN industry NN , , enterprises NNS seem VVP to TO be VB little RB touched VVN by IN the DT MM NP phenomenon NN . SENT However RB , , in IN the DT domains NNS of IN intra NN nets NNS in IN both DT built VVN in IN and CC on IN line NN versions NNS and CC extra JJ nets NNS , , as RB well RB as IN in IN distributed VVN CAD NN CAM NN platforms NNS , , things NNS appear VVP to TO be VB changing VVG rapidly RB . SENT Tele NP working NN , , especially RB in IN relation NN to TO the DT banks NNS activities NNS tele NP banking NN and CC the DT electronic JJ stock NN market NN or CC other JJ partnerships NNS based VVN upon IN EDI NP like IN concepts NNS , , are VBP also RB likely JJ to TO progress VV rapidly RB in IN the DT short JJ term NN . SENT We PP have VHP stressed VVN the DT cautious JJ approach NN of IN the DT corporate JJ world NN . SENT But CC there EX are VBP three CD exceptions NNS to TO that DT . SENT 1 LS a DT few JJ dozens NNS of IN SME's NP producing VVG MM NP applications NNS 24 CD , , and CC in IN the DT French JJ part NN of IN Switzerland NP , , 2 CD firms NNS operating VVG in IN the DT medical JJ engineering NN field NN and CC 3 CD big JJ multinational JJ corporations NNS , , in IN particular JJ the DT ones NNS that WDT are VBP part NN of IN the DT Geneva NP MAN NN ATM NN based VVN project NN 25 CD . SENT If IN we PP extend VVP the DT notion NN of IN company NN to TO the DT administration's JJ bodies NNS concept NN of IN organisations NNS , , then RB a DT lot NN of IN experiments NNS are VBP taking VVG place NN , , at IN national JJ , , but CC also RB cantonal JJ and CC municipal JJ levels NNS , , making VVG the DT public JJ bodies NNS a DT privileged JJ , , yet RB very RB scattered VVN actor NN of IN a DT diffused VVN technology NN push NN . SENT 26 CD Back RB to TO social JJ learning NN . SENT various JJ kinds NNS of IN actors NNS At IN this DT stage NN , , we PP can MD assume VV that DT social JJ learning NN is VBZ taking VVG place NN in IN various JJ converging VVG and CC complementary JJ situations NNS it PP is VBZ an DT hypothesis NN that WDT needs VVZ to TO be VB tested VVN and CC distinct JJ types NNS of IN activities NNS . SENT Information NN . SENT Some DT actors NNS are VBP dedicated VVN to TO informing VVG on IN MM NP , , even RB though IN that WDT might MD not RB be VB their PP$ principal JJ vocation NN e NN . SENT g NN . SENT The DT French JJ TV NN channel NN TSR NP retransmitted VVD the DT entire JJ Olympic JJ games NNS in IN real JJ time NN , , clearly RB a DT showroom NN for IN American JJ image NN of IN Telecom NP and CC MM NP proficiency NN . SENT Main JJ actors NNS of IN that DT kind NN are VBP of IN course NN the DT promoters NNS of IN various JJ fairs NNS , , most JJS of IN them PP with IN national JJ or CC even RB regional JJ perspective NN , , but CC relaying VVG much RB of IN the DT international JJ culture NN and CC technological JJ update NN in IN the DT matter NN , , and CC the DT various JJ forms NNS of IN media NNS advertising NN , , television NN , , press NN publishing NN , , diffusing VVG altogether RB objective JJ information NN , , but CC also RB commercial JJ presentation NN that WDT can MD have VH important JJ informative JJ value NN , , as RB well RB as IN debates NNS 27 CD . SENT Education NN . SENT Numerous JJ MM NP experiments NNS are VBP taking VVG place NN everywhere RB and CC under IN various JJ forms NNS , , but CC especially RB in IN the DT higher JJR end NN of IN the DT educational JJ system NN in IN the DT lower JJR end NN , , much RB less JJR is VBZ being VBG done VVN . SENT In IN this DT labyrinth NN of IN initiatives NNS , , at IN least JJS two CD co NP ordination NN attempts NNS are VBP likely JJ to TO emerge VV . SENT the DT TA NP call NN for IN proposals NNS evoked VVD earlier RBR , , and CC the DT NET JJ project NN Network NP for IN Educational NP Technology NP , , an DT attempt NN to TO co NP ordinate NN and CC network NN , , from IN the DT Zurich NP MM NP existing VVG activities NNS all DT distant JJ education NN programmes NNS in IN Switzerland NP 28 CD . SENT Everyday JJ life NN practices NNS . SENT Enterprises NNS in IN their PP$ normal JJ activities NNS private JJ corporations NNS , , but CC also RB public JJ administration NN at IN all DT levels NNS , , with IN the DT tools NNS and CC technologies NNS they PP use VVP or CC create VVP , , in IN cross NN fertilisation NN mode NN with IN what WP people NNS experience VVP at IN home NN 29 CD , , which WDT include VVP some DT audio JJ visual JJ implementations NNS such JJ as IN video JJ games NNS and CC family NN computing NN . SENT all PDT these DT sites NNS and CC environments NNS compose VV the DT basic JJ platform NN through IN which WDT most JJS people NNS , , knowingly RB or CC not RB , , are VBP integrated VVN in IN the DT MM NP culture NN and CC construction NN process NN even RB if IN some DT people NNS are VBP excluded VVN from IN that DT trend NN . SENT In IN that DT area NN , , Switzerland NP is VBZ not RB typical JJ , , belonging VVG , , with IN an DT obviously RB high JJ percentage NN of IN MM NP equipment NN at IN individual JJ , , corporate JJ and CC public JJ administration NN levels NNS , , to TO the DT category NN of IN well RB diffusing VVG countries NNS of IN MM NP international JJ culture NN and CC technology NN . SENT Agenda NN Between IN May NP 1996 CD and CC today NN early JJ 1997 CD , , major JJ operators NNS have VHP entered VVN the DT MM NP arena NN because IN of IN the DT 1998 CD deregulation NN deadline NN . SENT This DT deadline NN creates VVZ for IN the DT moment NN some DT confusion NN and CC calls VVZ for IN clarity NN . SENT The DT next JJ important JJ deadlines NNS are VBP the DT 1998 CD deregulation NN and CC the DT visibilization NN or CC windows NNS such JJ as IN next JJ Septembers NPS ITU NP MM NP symposium NN . SENT Some DT major JJ operators NNS are VBP well RB known VVN e NN . SENT g NN . SENT Alcatel NP , , Siemens NP , , Phillips NP , , others NNS are VBP newcomers NNS such JJ as IN the DT major JJ Swiss JJ retailer NN Migros NP , , the DT major JJ Swiss JJ banks NNS UBS NP , , that WDT want VVP to TO use VV the DT national JJ railway NN company NN CFF's NP fibre NN optic NN network NN , , as RB well RB as IN cable NN operators NNS , , electric JJ companies NNS , , etc FW . SENT . SENT At IN this DT preliminary JJ stage NN , , it PP is VBZ impossible JJ to TO foresee VV who WP will MD emerge VV as IN a DT winner NN from IN this DT confrontation NN . SENT The DT only JJ significant JJ feature NN of IN this DT development NN is VBZ the DT player's NN size NN . SENT Interactive JJ TV NN may MD be VB more RBR promising JJ than IN expected VVN seemingly RB vector NN of IN major JJ experiments NNS . SENT However RB , , we PP may MD not RB forget VV to TO consider VV the DT steps NNS of IN the DT war NN to TO come VV from IN the DT big JJ manoeuvres NNS of IN US NP world NN economic JJ majors NNS e NN . SENT g NN . SENT Microsoft NP and CC Hollywood NP related JJ industries NNS . SENT The DT companies NNS investments NNS in IN MM NP , , commercial JJ fights NNS and CC their PP$ local JJ incidence NN on IN local JJ products NNS e NN . SENT g NN . SENT high JJ definition NN TV NN , , technological JJ progress NN and CC the DT proactive JJ presence NN of IN scientific JJ institutions NNS in IN general JJ , , as RB well RB as IN opportunities NNS linked VVN with IN sometimes RB innovative JJ tele NP services NNS , , will MD undoubtedly RB constitute VV tomorrow's NNS challenge VV in IN a DT country NN like IN Switzerland NP . SENT No DT master NN plan NN may MD prove VV necessary JJ , , but CC various JJ evaluating VVG instances NNS are VBP likely JJ to TO emerge VV . SENT The DT multiplicity NN of IN local JJ and CC regional JJ initiatives NNS may MD well RB be VB interpreted VVN as IN the DT way NN global JJ phenomena NNS are VBP appropriated VVN by IN minor JJ actors NNS . SENT 30 CD . SENT Different JJ experiments NNS are VBP taking VVG place NN or CC are VBP about RB to TO start VV in IN the DT sectors NNS mentioned VVN above IN . SENT Some DT of IN them PP are VBP only RB updates NNS of IN global JJ developments NNS , , others NNS are VBP original JJ and CC even RB generate VV interest NN from IN abroad RB . SENT But CC the DT situation NN remains VVZ unclear JJ , , technology NN is VBZ developing VVG very RB fast RB , , making VVG various JJ sub NN fields NNS of IN activities NNS and CC know VV how WRB converge VV . SENT Assessing VVG the DT qualitative JJ performance NN of IN all PDT the DT initiatives NNS evoked VVN in IN this DT paper NN and CC drawing VVG their PP$ policy NN implications NNS is VBZ precisely RB an DT object NN of IN attention NN for IN the DT emerging VVG SLIM JJ research NN . SENT Pierre NP Rossel NP , , Valdis NP Beckers NP , , January NP 1997 CD Bibliography NN CASATI NP Fabio NP 1996 CD . SENT Assessing VVG electronic JJ press NN developments NNS . SENT Th NN se FW de FW master NN ESST NP Curriculum NN II NP . SENT Lausanne NP . SENT ESST NP EPFL NP . SENT COLOM NP Vicente NP et CC Van NP BOLHUIS NP Herman NP E NP . SENT 1996 CD . SENT Megatrends NP in IN telecommunications NNS . SENT Basic JJ report NN for IN the DT synthesis NN Le NP d NN fi NP des NP t NN l NN communications NNS . SENT Technology NP Assessment NP TA NP 20 CD e SYM 1996 CD . SENT Berne NP . SENT Conseil NP suisse NP de FW la FW science NN . SENT CONSEIL NP SUISSE NP DE NP LA NP SCIENCE NN 1996 CD . SENT Technology NP Assessment NP . SENT Revue NN Futura NP FER NP 1 CD 96 CD . SENT Berne NP . SENT Conseil NP suisse NP de FW la FW science NN . SENT LEPORI NP Benedetto NP 1996 CD . SENT Le NP d SYM fi NN des FW T NN l NN communications NNS . SENT Les NP enjeux NP politiques VVZ et FW la FW lib NN ralisation NN . SENT Technology NP Assessment NP TA NP 20 CD 1996 CD . SENT Berne NP . SENT Conseil NP suisse NP de FW la FW science NN . SENT LEPORI NP Benedetto NP et CC REY NP Lucienne NP 1996 CD . SENT Die VV Lieberalisierung NP des NP Telekommunikation NP eine NP Herausforderung NP . SENT Kurzversion NP des NP Berichtes NP Le NP d SYM fi NN des FW T NN l NN communications NNS . SENT Technology NP Assessment NP TA NP 20 CD a DT 1996 CD . SENT Berne NP . SENT Conseil NP suisse NP de FW la FW science NN . SENT MEIER NP DALLACH NP Hans NP Peter NP , , MEIER NP Hanna NP GLOOR NP Daniela NP 1992 CD . SENT Der NP Computer NP in IN der NP Bergregion NP , , sozio NN kulturelle NN Auswirkungen NP von NP Computern NP und NN der NP Telematik NP am VBP Fallbeispiel NP Goms NP . SENT WBU NP zum NP Projekt NP KMG NP . SENT Spezialstudie NP 09 CD . SENT Z SYM rich JJ . SENT ETH NN IVT NP . SENT MICHAUD NP Claude NP , , ROSSEL NP Pierre NP , , TISSOT NP Luc NP 1994 CD Core NP competences NNS . SENT D SYM tection NN avanc NN e SYM en FW politique JJ de FW la FW recherche NN FER NP 149 CD 1994 CD . SENT Berne NP . SENT Conseil NP Suisse NP de FW la FW Science NP . SENT NOLDE NP Marion NP et CC ROSSEL NP Pierre NP 1993 CD La NP formation NN continue VVP dans NNS l'Arc NN jurassien NN dans NNS l'optique JJ d'une NP meilleure NN ma NN trise NN des NP nouvelles NP technologies NNS . SENT constats NNS et CC regards VVZ prospectifs NNS . SENT Cahiers NNS de NP l'ISSP NP Ndeg NP . SENT 14 CD . SENT Neuch NP tel NP . SENT Institut NP de NP sociologie NP et FW de FW science NN politique NN Universit NP de NP Neuch NP tel NP , , p NN . SENT 132 CD 249 CD . SENT ROSSEL NP Pierre NP 1994 CD . SENT La NP recherche NP sur NP l'innovation NN et CC le DT changement NN technique NN en IN Suisse NP . SENT l NN ments NNS pour VVP un NP d NN bat NN . SENT Programme NN COST VVD A DT 4 CD . SENT Neuch NP tel NP . SENT Institut NP de NP sociologie NN . SENT Lausanne NP . SENT EPFL NP ESST NP 1995 CD Survey NN of IN Swiss JJ research NN on IN innovation NN and CC technological JJ change NN , , in RB . SENT Similar JJ concerns NNS , , different JJ styles NNS . SENT Technology NN studies NNS in IN Western NP Europe NP . SENT Proceedings NNS of IN the DT COST NN A DT 4 CD workshop NN in IN Finland NP , , 13 CD 14 CD January NP 1994 CD . SENT Brussels NP . SENT European NP Commission NP . SENT ROTACH NP Martin NP C NP . SENT KELLER NP Peter NP 1993 CD . SENT Telematik NP und NN Qualitatives NP Wachstum NP , , Wissenschaftliche NP Begleituntersuchung NP zum NN Projekt NP Kommunikations NP Modellgemeinden NP der NP Schweiz NP , , Synthesebericht NP . SENT Z SYM rich JJ . SENT Verlag NP der NP Fachvereine NP vdf NN . SENT SCHMID NP Beat NP , , PIGNEUR NP Yves NP , , SCHIESSER NP Giaco NP 1996 CD . SENT Electronic JJ markets NNS . SENT importance NN and CC meaning NN for IN Switzerland NP . SENT Technology NP Assessment NP TA NP 23 CD 1996 CD . SENT Berne NP . SENT Conseil NP suisse NP de FW la FW science NN . SENT Annex NN I PP The DT Swiss JJ political JJ system NN . SENT a DT clue NN The DT Swiss JJ Confederation NP . SENT 1 CD Http NP . SENT www JJ . SENT telecom NP . SENT ch NN F NN GD NP partner NN . SENT html NN . SENT 2 CD Unisource NP is VBZ a DT pan NN European JJ telecom NP company NN , , providing VVG telcommunication NN services NNS to TO European JJ companies NNS and CC individuals NNS . SENT The DT Unisource NP group NN currently RB consists VVZ of IN seven CD operating NN companies NNS and CC the DT Group NP Headquarters NN . SENT Unisource NP has VHZ national JJ operations NNS and CC local JJ distributors NNS for IN sales NNS and CC support NN in IN all DT major JJ European JJ markets NNS . SENT Unisource NP is VBZ owned VVN by IN PTT NP Telecom NP Netherlands NP , , Sweden's NP Telia NNS , , Swiss NP Telecom NP and CC Telefonica NP of IN Spain NP . SENT 3 CD There RB may MD be VB a DT technical JJ exception NN to TO that DT in IN the DT sense NN that IN Switzerland NP agreed VVD to TO participate VV to TO the DT general JJ evolution NN towards IN deregulation NN , , thus RB ending VVG national JJ PTT's NP monopoly NN in IN telecommunications NNS by IN 1998 CD . SENT cf NN . SENT Benedetto NP Lepori NP , , Le NP d SYM fi NN des FW t NN l NN communications NNS . SENT les FW enjeux NN politiques NNS et CC la DT lib NN ralisation NN . SENT Rapport NN Technology NP Assessment NP TA NP 20 CD 1996 CD r SYM sum NN en IN allemand NP TA NP 20 CD a DT 1996 CD . SENT Berne NP . SENT Conseil NP suisse NP de FW la FW science NN , , ao NN t NN 1996 CD . SENT 4 CD There RB is VBZ a DT paradox NN . SENT clearly RB , , Switzerland NP has VHZ developed VVN an DT ultra JJ liberal JJ attitude NN towards IN technology NN policy NN the DT State NP , , Confederation NP and CC cantons NNS , , should MD not RB mingle VV with IN that DT , , but CC at IN the DT same JJ time NN there EX is VBZ an DT important JJ protectionist NN pro JJ cartel NN tradition NN . SENT In IN recent JJ years NNS , , there EX have VHP been VBN numerous JJ signals NNS that IN this DT is VBZ changing VVG , , but CC mentalities NNS are VBP still RB marked VVN by IN this DT era NN . SENT 5 CD Computer NP integrated JJ manufacturing NN , , a DT four CD year NN national JJ programme NN , , ended VVN in IN 1996 CD . SENT 6 CD In IN Switzerland NP a DT confederation NN of IN 23 CD small JJ states NNS called VVD cantons NNS , , we PP distinguish VV the DT following VVG notions NNS . SENT the DT State NP , , which WDT means VVZ the DT canton NN there EX are VBP 23 CD in IN the DT country NN is VBZ most JJS of IN the DT time NN the DT main JJ political JJ reference NN , , and CC is VBZ the DT level NN which WDT is VBZ competent JJ for IN health NN and CC education NN among IN other JJ important JJ things NNS . SENT When WRB we PP want VVP to TO speak VV about IN the DT Central NP State NP , , we PP say VVP La NP Conf NP d SYM ration NN , , hinting VVG at IN the DT common JJ bodies NNS that WDT reside VV in IN the DT capital NN , , Bern NP . SENT and CC finally RB , , the DT adjective NN that WDT permits VVZ to TO speak VV of IN that DT central JJ reality NN is VBZ federal JJ at IN federal JJ level NN , , we PP say VVP , , or CC national JJ , , as RB opposed VVN to TO cantonal JJ and CC communal JJ , , in IN French JJ , , meaning VVG local JJ , , municipal JJ town NN or CC city NN level NN . SENT The DT region NN is VBZ a DT new JJ political JJ species NNS , , about RB 25 CD years NNS old JJ , , defining VVG in IN a DT sometimes RB controversial JJ manner NN , , intermediary JJ regroupings NNS of IN territories NNS , , never RB quite RB overlapping JJ official NN borders NNS such JJ as IN the DT cantonal JJ ones NNS . SENT Cf NP . SENT Swiss NP Federation NP Chancellery NN Information NP service NN ed NP . SENT , , The DT Swiss NP Federation NP . SENT a DT brief JJ guide NN . SENT Berne NP . SENT EDMZ NP , , 1996 CD or CC http NN . SENT www JJ . SENT admin NN . SENT ch NN . SENT See VV also RB precisions NNS on IN the DT Swiss JJ political JJ system NN in IN Annex NN I PP to TO come VV . SENT 7 CD CMC NN stands VVZ for IN Communes NNS mod JJ les FW pour VVP la DT communication NN Pilot NN towns NNS in IN electronics NNS . SENT 8 CD The NP monopolistic JJ Vid NP otex NN strategy NN of IN the DT 80 CD s PP resulted VVD in IN many JJ professional JJ software NN developments NNS eg NN . SENT in IN the DT banking NN sector NN and CC tourism NN industry NN but CC reserved VVD confined VVN to TO a DT limited JJ number NN of IN users NNS , , despite IN the DT optimistic JJ predictions NNS of IN some DT observers NNS COMTESSE NP Xavier NP et CC INKEI NP Deni NP , , 1991 CD , , La NP r NN f SYM rence NP vid NN otex NN , , Gen NP ve NNS . SENT Georg NP diteur NP . SENT . SENT This DT has VHZ actually RB prevented VVN , , contrary JJ to TO French JJ successful JJ use NN of IN the DT Minitel NP , , any DT kind NN of IN development NN towards IN a DT popular JJ technical JJ culture NN in IN the DT field NN . SENT , , Due JJ among IN toher NP factors NNS porr NP marketing NN , , cost NN , , etc FW . SENT to TO the DT lack NN of IN user NN friendliness NN , , the DT Vid NP otex NN experience NN can MD , , despite IN the DT system's JJ technological JJ robustness NN , , be VB called VVN a DT failure NN . SENT 9 CD Ibid NP . SENT note NN 7 CD . SENT 10 CD Http NP . SENT www JJ . SENT geneva NP . SENT ch NN IGO NP . SENT htm NN The DT international JJ organisations NNS regularly RB place VVP Geneva NP at IN the DT heart NN of IN world NN . SENT Political JJ and CC Legal JJ Organisations NNS , , Economic NP and CC Development NP Organisations NNS , , Scientific NP , , Technical NP and CC Training NP Organisations NNS , , Telecommunication NN and CC Postal JJ Organisations NNS , , Humanitarian JJ , , Health NP and CC Education NP Organisations NNS , , Environmental JJ Organisations NNS , , Labour NN Organisations NNS , , Transport NP Organisations NNS , , Sports NPS and CC Youth NP Organisations NNS , , Religious JJ Organisations NNS . SENT As RB for IN important JJ MM NP related JJ international JJ organisation NN . SENT in IN Geneva NP . SENT the DT World NP Intellectual JJ Property NP Office NP WIPO NP and CC the DT CERN NN , , where WRB the DT WEB NN was VBD developed VVN , , are VBP worth JJ mentionning NN , , in IN Lausanne NP , , the DT International NP Olympic NP Committee NP IOC NP 11 CD Cable NP TV NP , , in IN Switzerland NP is VBZ highly RB developed VVN , , over IN 90 CD of IN households NNS are VBP connected VVN . SENT 12 CD Besides IN tele NP banking NN , , we PP should MD also RB mention VV the DT recent JJ opening NN of IN the DT Swiss JJ electronic JJ stock NN market NN which WDT functions NNS in IN continuous JJ mode NN and CC of IN course NN the DT inter VV bank NN clearing NN activities NNS , , which WDT all RB have VHP strong JJ ICT NN and CC now RB MM NP dimensions NNS . SENT 13 CD As IN a DT study NN on IN technological JJ change NN and CC innovation NN shows VVZ Pierre NP ROSSEL NP , , 1994 CD . SENT La NP recherche NP sur NP l'innovation NN et CC le DT changement NN technique NN en IN Suisse NP . SENT l NN ments NNS pour VVP un NP d NN bat NN . SENT Programme NN COST VVD A DT 4 CD . SENT Neuch NP tel NP . SENT Institut NP de NP sociologie NN . SENT Lausanne NP . SENT EPFL NP ESST NP , , this DT is VBZ not RB exceptional JJ in IN Switzerland NP . SENT In IN this DT strongly RB federalist NN country NN , , discontinuities NNS in IN communication NN can MD be VB found VVN between IN linguistic JJ regions NNS , , between IN disciplines NNS , , between IN universities NNS , , between IN private JJ and CC public JJ sector NN , , between IN economic JJ sectors NNS or CC even RB between IN combinations NNS of IN all PDT that DT people NNS of IN the DT same JJ discipline NN but CC in IN different JJ universities NNS , , for IN instance NN . SENT 14 CD See NP Schmid NP , , Picneur NP Schiesser NP 1996 CD . SENT 15 CD Cf NP . SENT OFES NP role NN and CC activities NNS in IN the DT above JJ chapter NN . SENT State NN support NN in IN the DT MM NP field NN . SENT 16 CD G NP 7 CD Global NP Inventory NN Project NN GIP NN at IN the DT following VVG URL NN . SENT http NN . SENT www JJ . SENT ispo NN . SENT cec NN . SENT be VB . SENT 17 CD This DT sector NN remains VVZ a DT strong JJ industry NN and CC R NP D NP activity NN in IN Switzerland NP important JJ links NNS between IN hospitals NNS , , enterprises NNS and CC scientific JJ academic JJ research NN and CC the DT two CD Swiss JJ federal JJ institutes NN of IN technology NN and CC their PP$ dependencies NNS . SENT 18 RB The DT Swiss JJ television NN network NN is VBZ a DT semi NN private JJ institution NN supervised VVN by IN the DT Confederation NP , , with IN thrre JJ different JJ national JJ language NN related VVN sub NN networks NNS . SENT It PP is VBZ clearly RB , , up IN today NN , , not RB a DT major JJ player NN in IN the DT MM NP field NN . SENT 19 CD See NP for IN that DT Casati NP 1996 CD . SENT 20 CD This DT phenomenon NN is VBZ general JJ in IN many JJ countries NNS being VBG liberalised VVN France NP Telecom NP is VBZ currently RB offering VVG the DT same JJ service NN . SENT Blue JJ Window NN illustrates VVZ the DT traditional JJ operators NNS dumping VVG policy NN . SENT the DT Swiss NP PTT NP Telecom's NP Internet NP on IN line NN access NN is VBZ more RBR an DT attempt NN to TO save VV the DT company's JJ market NN shares NNS from IN the DT wreckage NN in IN the DT last JJ days NNS of IN a DT protected JJ era NN , , rather RB than IN a DT real JJ tech NN policy NN in IN the DT field NN . SENT It PP raised VVD considerable JJ opposition NN from IN private JJ operators NNS . SENT In IN court NN , , though RB , , they PP lost VVD their PP$ case NN against IN Swiss NP PTT NP . SENT Equally RB , , Swiss NP Topvision NP is VBZ also RB a DT way NN to TO test VV and CC offer VV its PP$ infrastructures NNS in IN an DT increasing VVG market NN of IN electronic JJ distribution NN of IN goods NNS and CC services NNS . SENT Http NP . SENT www JJ . SENT webdo NN . SENT ch NN greenwin NNS . SENT html NN 21 CD Electronic NP communities NNS such JJ as IN Electronic NP Mall NP Bodensee NP EMB NP , , Ticino NP , , the DT Bauernverband NP http NN . SENT www JJ . SENT agri NP . SENT ch NN home NN sbvf NN . SENT htm NN . SENT See VV also RB Fabio NP Casati's NP 1996 CD study NN on IN electronic JJ press NN developements NNS or CC Thierry NP Boileau NP s VVZ 1996 CD work NN on IN Geneva NP MAN NN , , etc FW . SENT 22 CD Ecoles NNS techniques NNS suisses NNS ETS NP , , Hautes NP coles NNS techniques NNS suisses NNS HES NN . SENT basically RB the DT standard JJ engineering NN schools NNS in IN Switzerland NP . SENT . SENT 23 CD Let VVD us PP mention VV the DT case NN of IN Telepoly NP , , which WDT is VBZ a DT tele NP teaching NN ATM NN based VVN experiment NN between IN the DT two CD Federal NP Institutes NPS of IN Technology NP in IN Lausanne NP and CC Zurich NP started VVD 1996 CD , , that WDT is VBZ precisely RB being VBG assessed VVN by IN ESST NP EPFL NP . SENT 24 CD For IN the DT whole JJ country NN , , it PP is VBZ difficult JJ to TO assess VV , , because IN of IN the DT diversity NN of IN fields NNS and CC economic JJ segments NNS in IN which WDT these DT companies NNS may MD operate VV , , but CC our PP$ rough JJ estimate NN is VBZ around IN a DT thousand CD of IN them PP . SENT 25 CD Let VVD us PP mention VVP also RB an DT emerging VVG project NN , , in IN the DT Lausanne NP area NN , , and CC based VVN upon IN the DT high JJ level NN technological JJ competences NNS and CC tools NNS of IN the DT EPFL NP , , where WRB manoeuvres NNS are VBP underway JJ to TO promote VV a DT mega JJ site NN , , with IN the DT idea NN of IN aggregating VVG as IN many JJ Lausanne NP based VVN initiatives NNS as IN possible JJ City NP of IN Lausanne NP , , International NP Olympic NP Committee NP , , SMEs NP , , etc FW . SENT and CC integrating VVG similar JJ initiatives NNS in IN the DT Geneva NP area NN e NN . SENT g NN . SENT Geneva NP MAN NN . SENT Whatever WDT finally RB happens VVZ in IN the DT Lausanne NP case NN , , there EX is VBZ a DT tendency NN to TO regroup VV telecom NP interests NNS at IN regional JJ , , national JJ and CC international JJ levels NNS , , identical JJ moves NNS are VBP taking VVG place NN in IN other JJ areas NNS of IN the DT countries NNS , , which WDT we PP could MD label VV as IN electronic JJ communities NNS Boileau NP 1996 CD . SENT 26 CD See NP Rossel NP , , Buser NP , , Glamm NP Glassey NP 1996 CD . SENT 27 CD For IN the DT time NN being NN there RB is VBZ no DT promotion NN of IN public JJ debates NNS with IN state NN or CC federal JJ support NN , , like IN in IN Nordic JJ countries NNS . SENT The DT initiative NN by IN the DT TA NP unit NN of IN the DT Swiss NP Council NP of IN Science NP to TO set VV up RP a DT bid NN on IN virtual JJ democracy NN and CC among IN other JJ sub NN topics NNS . SENT access NN to TO public JJ information NN , , public JJ debates NNS , , etc FW . SENT , , as RB well RB as IN the DT will NN to TO develop VV more RBR participative JJ assessing VVG methods NNS , , is VBZ likely JJ to TO change VV that DT situation NN . SENT 28 CD It PP will MD not RB be VB easy JJ . SENT Switzerland NP do VVP not RB like VV leaders NNS and CC the DT success NN of IN this DT attempt NN will MD have VH to TO stand VV the DT trial NN of IN other JJ initiatives NNS integration NN or CC remain VV merely RB Zurich NP based VVD 29 CD We PP could MD also RB add VV , , although IN it PP is VBZ much RB less RBR developed VVN and CC therefore RB impacting VVG , , yet RB . SENT public JJ space NN interfaces NNS . SENT 30 CD One CD cannot NN ignore VVP the DT culturalist NN hypothesis NN that WDT envision VVP in IN this DT field NN a DT hegemonic JJ threat NN from IN America NP , , not RB only RB at IN cultural JJ level NN , , but CC also RB economic JJ , , via IN regrouping VVG of IN massive JJ interests NNS major NN merges VVZ , , both DT horizontal JJ and CC vertical JJ , , and CC a DT very RB fast JJ and CC early JJ presence NN in IN the DT struggle NN for IN market NN shares NNS , , competence NN and CC goodwill NN in IN the DT MM NP arena NN . SENT This DT hypothesis NN is VBZ very RB controversial JJ , , but CC far RB from IN being VBG absurd JJ . SENT