/Users/andrea/_magisterarbeit/korpus/clean/trainkorpus/1/file9.html NN ----------------------------------------- : Skip NP to TO content VV . SENT HomeCurrent NP IssueNew NP ArticlesArchiveSubmit NP PaperContent NP Alerts VVZ PLoSPLoS NP Biology NN Order NP Print NP Issues NPS Contact NP Us NP Author NN Info NP Reviewer NN Info NP Journal NP Info NP Ed NP Board NP Help NN Volume NN 2 CD Issue NN 6 CD JUNE NP 2005 CD Previous JJ article NN Next JJ article NN SEARCH NN PLoS NP Medicine NP Advanced NP Search NP Best NP Practice NN Vitamin NN C NP for IN Preventing VVG and CC Treating VVG the DT Common NP ColdRobert NP M NP . SENT Douglas NP , , Harri NP Hemil NP Robert NP M NP . SENT Douglas NP is VBZ at IN the DT National NP Centre NP for IN Epidemiology NN and CC Population NP Health NP , , Australian NP National NP University NP , , Canberra NP , , Australia NP . SENT Harri NP Hemil NP is VBZ at IN the DT Department NP of IN Public NP Health NP , , University NP of IN Helsinki NP , , Finland NP . SENT Competing VVG Interests NNS . SENT RMD NP was VBD an DT organising VVG author NN of IN one CD of IN the DT papers NNS considered VVN in IN the DT review NN . SENT HH NP declares VVZ that IN he PP has VHZ no DT competing VVG interests NNS . SENT Published VVN . SENT June NP 28 CD , , 2005 CD DOI NP . SENT 10 CD . SENT 1371 CD journal NN . SENT pmed JJ . SENT 0020168 CD Copyright NN . SENT 2005 CD Douglas NP and CC Hemil NP . SENT This DT is VBZ an DT open JJ access NN article NN distributed VVN under IN the DT terms NNS of IN the DT Creative JJ Commons NP Attribution NN License NN , , which WDT permits VVZ unrestricted JJ use NN , , distribution NN , , and CC reproduction NN in IN any DT medium NN , , provided VVD the DT original JJ work NN is VBZ properly RB cited VVN . SENT Citation NP . SENT Douglas NP RM NP , , Hemil NP H NP 2005 CD Vitamin NN C NP for IN Preventing VVG and CC Treating VVG the DT Common NP Cold NP . SENT PLoS NP Med NP 2 CD 6 CD . SENT e SYM 168 VVN To TO whom WP correspondence NN should MD be VB addressed VVN . SENT E SYM mail NN . SENT bobdouglas NNS netspeed NN . SENT com NN . SENT au NP The DT role NN of IN vitamin NN C NP in IN the DT prevention NN and CC treatment NN of IN the DT common JJ cold NN has VHZ been VBN a DT subject NN of IN controversy NN for IN at IN least JJS 60 CD years NNS . SENT Public JJ interest NN in IN the DT subject NN , , stimulated VVN originally RB by IN the DT vigorous JJ advocacy NN of IN Nobel NP laureate NN Linus NP Pauling NP during IN the DT 1970 CD s NN 1 CD , , continues VVZ to TO be VB high JJ . SENT We PP have VHP recently RB updated VVN the DT Cochrane NP Review NP 2 CD on IN this DT topic NN Text NN S NP 1 CD , , incorporating VVG 55 CD comparative JJ studies NNS that WDT have VHP been VBN carried VVN out RP over IN a DT period NN of IN 65 CD years NNS . SENT The DT Updated VVN Review NP We PP sought VVD to TO discover VV whether IN vitamin NN C NP in IN doses NNS of IN 200 CD mg NN or CC more JJR daily JJ Figure NN 1 CD reduces VVZ the DT incidence NN , , duration NN , , or CC severity NN of IN the DT common JJ cold NN when WRB used VVN either CC as IN continuous JJ prophylaxis NN or CC after IN the DT onset NN of IN cold JJ symptoms NNS . SENT Criteria NNS for IN inclusion NN were VBD placebo NN controlled VVN trials NNS to TO prevent VV or CC treat VV the DT common JJ cold NN using VVG oral JJ doses NNS of IN vitamin NN C NP of IN 200 CD mg NN day NN or CC more JJR . SENT Literature NN from IN 1940 CD to TO 2004 CD was VBD methodically RB screened VVD . SENT Figure NN 1 CD . SENT 500 CD mg NN Vitamin NN C NP Tablets NNS and CC PaprikasVitamin NP C NP was VBD identified VVN in IN the DT 1930 CD s PP by IN Albert NP Szent NP Gy NP rgyi NP , , who WP received VVD his PP$ Nobel NP Prize NP partly RB for IN this DT work NN . SENT He PP found VVD that DT paprika NN is VBZ a DT particularly RB rich JJ source NN of IN the DT vitamin NN , , which WDT made VVD it PP possible JJ to TO produce VV kilograms NNS of IN it PP for IN research NN purposes NNS 1963 CD Annu NP Rev NP Biochem NP 32 CD . SENT 1 CD 14 CD . SENT Nowadays RB , , the DT most RBS convenient JJ way NN to TO increase VV vitamin NN C NP intake NN is VBZ by IN way NN of IN 500 CD mg NN tablets NNS , , but CC further JJR research NN is VBZ needed VVN to TO explore VV the DT conditions NNS in IN which WDT supplementation NN may MD be VB beneficial JJ . SENT An DT overview NN of IN the DT results NNS of IN the DT three CD meta NP analyses NNS is VBZ shown VVN in IN Table NN 1 CD . SENT Incidence NN was VBD not RB altered VVN in IN the DT subgroup NN of IN 23 CD community NN studies NNS where WRB prophylactic JJ doses NNS as IN high JJ as IN 2 CD g NN daily RB were VBD used VVN . SENT But CC a DT subgroup NN of IN six CD studies NNS of IN marathon NN runners NNS , , skiers NNS , , and CC soldiers NNS exposed VVN to TO significant JJ cold JJ and CC or CC physical JJ stress NN experienced VVD , , on IN average NN , , 50 CD reduction NN in IN common JJ cold JJ incidence NN . SENT Table NN 1 CD . SENT Results NNS of IN the DT Three NP Meta NP AnalysesDuration NP of IN cold JJ episodes NNS that WDT occurred VVD during IN prophylaxis NN was VBD significantly RB reduced VVN in IN both DT children NNS and CC adults NNS . SENT For IN children NNS this DT represented VVD an DT average JJ reduction NN of IN 14 CD in IN symptom NN days NNS , , while IN in IN adults NNS the DT reduction NN was VBD 8 CD . SENT For IN the DT seven CD trials NNS that WDT evaluated VVD the DT therapeutic JJ impact NN of IN vitamin NN C NP used VVD at IN the DT onset NN of IN symptoms NNS all RB in IN adults NNS , , benefits NNS were VBD not RB observed VVN for IN duration NN of IN episodes NNS , , although IN one CD of IN the DT large JJ trials NNS recorded VVD a DT statistically RB significant JJ reduction NN in IN the DT duration NN of IN colds NNS among IN participants NNS administered VVN a DT single JJ vitamin NN C NP dose NN of IN 8 CD g NN on IN the DT day NN of IN symptom NN onset NN 3 CD . SENT Implications NNS of IN the DT Review NP The DT lack NN of IN effect NN of IN prophylactic JJ vitamin NN C NP supplementation NN on IN the DT incidence NN of IN common JJ cold NN in IN normal JJ populations NNS throws VVZ doubt NN on IN the DT utility NN of IN this DT wide JJ practice NN . SENT The DT clinical JJ significance NN of IN the DT minor JJ reduction NN in IN duration NN of IN common JJ cold JJ episodes NNS experienced VVN during IN prophylaxis NN is VBZ questionable JJ , , although IN the DT consistency NN of IN these DT findings NNS points NNS to TO a DT genuine JJ biological JJ effect NN . SENT In IN special JJ circumstances NNS , , where WRB people NNS used VVD prophylaxis NN prior RB to TO extreme JJ physical JJ exertion NN and CC or CC exposure NN to TO significant JJ cold JJ stress NN , , the DT collective JJ evidence NN indicates VVZ that IN vitamin NN C NP supplementation NN may MD have VH a DT considerable JJ beneficial JJ effect NN . SENT it PP was VBD the DT results NNS of IN one CD of IN these DT six CD trials NNS , , with IN schoolchildren NNS in IN a DT skiing NN school NN 4 CD , , that IN particularly RB impressed VVN Pauling NP 1 CD . SENT However RB , , great JJ caution NN should MD be VB exercised VVN in IN generalizing VVG from IN this DT finding NN , , which WDT is VBZ based VVN mainly RB on IN marathon NN runners NNS . SENT No DT benefits NNS have VHP been VBN observed VVN from IN therapeutic JJ use NN of IN doses NNS totalling VVG 10 CD g NN that WDT was VBD divided VVN for IN the DT first JJ three CD days NNS of IN illness NN . SENT The DT equivocal JJ findings NNS of IN the DT large JJ study NN , , which WDT used VVD 8 CD g NN only RB on IN the DT day NN of IN onset NN of IN respiratory JJ symptoms NNS 3 CD , , are VBP tantalising VVG and CC deserve VVP further JJR assessment NN . SENT None NN of IN the DT therapeutic JJ trials NNS carried VVD out RP so RB far RB has VHZ examined VVN the DT effect NN of IN vitamin NN C NP on IN children NNS , , even RB though IN the DT prophylaxis NN trials NNS have VHP shown VVN substantially RB greater JJR effect NN on IN episode NN duration NN in IN children NNS . SENT Study NN quality NN for IN the DT trials NNS included VVD in IN these DT three CD meta NP analyses NNS was VBD variable JJ , , but CC sensitivity NN analysis NN , , where WRB we PP excluded VVD studies NNS from IN the DT analysis NN that WDT were VBD less JJR adequately RB blinded VVN or CC randomized VVN , , did VVD not RB change VV the DT general JJ conclusions NNS of IN the DT Cochrane NP Review NP . SENT Future JJ work NN on IN this DT topic NN should MD explore VV the DT value NN of IN high JJ dose NN therapy NN in IN particular JJ , , in IN children NNS and CC the DT mechanisms NNS underlying VVG the DT observed JJ prophylaxis NN benefits NNS in IN those DT exposed VVN to TO substantial JJ physical JJ and CC or CC cold JJ stress NN . SENT Supporting VVG Information NP Text NN S NP 1 CD . SENT Updated VVN Cochrane NP ReviewDouglas NP RM NP , , Hemil NP H NP , , D'Souza NP R NP , , Chalker NP EB NP , , Treacy NP B NP 2004 CD Vitamin NN C NP for IN preventing VVG and CC treating VVG the DT common JJ cold NN . SENT Cochrane NP Database NN Syst NP Rev NP 4 CD . SENT CD NP 000980 CD . SENT pub NN 2 CD . SENT Date NN of IN most RBS recent JJ substantive JJ amendment NN . SENT 10 CD August NP 2004 CD . SENT This DT data NNS supplement NN can MD be VB freely RB accessed VVN on IN the DT PLoS NP Medicine NP Web NP site NN , , but CC it PP is VBZ not RB published VVN under IN the DT Creative JJ Commons NP Attribution NN License NN . SENT Copyright NN 2004 CD The DT Cochrane NP Collaboration NN . SENT Published VVN by IN John NP Wiley NP and CC Sons NP . SENT All DT rights NNS reserved VVN . SENT 1 LS . SENT 3 CD MB NP PDF NP . SENT ReferencesPauling NP L NP 1971 CD The DT significance NN of IN the DT evidence NN about IN ascorbic JJ acid NN and CC the DT common JJ cold NN . SENT Proc NP Natl NP Acad NP Sci NP U NP S NP A NP 68 CD . SENT 2678 CD 2681 CD . SENT Find VV this DT article NN onlineDouglas NP RM NP , , Hemil NP H NP , , D'Souza NP R NP , , Chalker NP EB NP , , Treacy NP B NP 2004 CD Vitamin NN C NP for IN preventing VVG and CC treating VVG the DT common JJ cold NN . SENT Cochrane NP Database NN Syst NP Rev NP 2004 CD . SENT CD NP 000980 CD . SENT pub NN 2 CD . SENT Find VV this DT article NN onlineAnderson NP TW NP , , Suranyi NP G NP , , Beaton NP GH NP 1974 CD The DT effect NN on IN winter NN illness NN of IN large JJ doses NNS of IN vitamin NN C NP . SENT Can MD Med NP Assoc NP J NP 111 CD . SENT 31 CD 36 CD . SENT Find VV this DT article NN onlineRitzel NN G NP 1961 CD Kritische NP Beurteilung NP des NP Vitamins NNS C NP als NPS Prophylacticum NP und NN Therapeuticum NP der NP Erk NN ltungskrankheiten NN . SENT Helv NP Med NP Acta NP 28 CD . SENT 63 CD 68 CD . SENT Find VV this DT article NN onlineHiggins NNS JPT NP , , Thompson NP SG NP , , Deeks NP JJ NN , , Altman NP DG NP 2003 CD Measuring NN inconsistency NN in IN meta NP analyses NNS . SENT BMJ NP 327 CD . SENT 557 CD 560 CD . SENT Find VV this DT article NN online JJ View NN this DT article NN by IN . SENT FiguresTablesPrint NP PDF NP 368 CD K NP Screen NP PDF NP 74 CD K NP Download NP CitationDownload NP XML NP Options NPS . SENT See VV Articles NNS Citing VVG This DT ArticleE NP mail NN this DT ArticleSend NP Us NP an DT eLetterRead JJ Other JJ eLettersSearch NN PubMed VVN for IN . SENT Related NP ArticlesPubMed NP CitationRobert NP M NP . SENT DouglasHarri NP Hemil NP PLoS NP Medicine NP is VBZ an DT open JJ access NN journal NN published VVN by IN the DT nonprofit JJ organization NN Public JJ Library NN of IN Science NP . SENT All DT journal NN content NN , , except IN where WRB otherwise RB noted VVN , , is VBZ licensed VVN under IN a DT Creative JJ Commons NP Attribution NN License NN . SENT