/Users/andrea/_magisterarbeit/korpus/clean/trainkorpus/11/file_92.html NN ----------------------------------------- : EncyclopediaAstronautica NP astronautix NN . SENT comtopic JJ index NN space NN wire NN The DT cause NN in IN which WDT they PP died VVD will MD continue VV . SENT Mankind NN is VBZ led VVN into IN the DT darkness NN beyond IN our PP$ world NN by IN the DT inspiration NN of IN discovery NN and CC the DT longing NN to TO understand VV . SENT Our PP$ journey NN into IN space NN will MD go VV on RP . SENT In IN the DT skies NNS today NN we PP saw VVD destruction NN and CC tragedy NN . SENT Yet RB farther RB than IN we PP can MD see VV there EX is VBZ comfort NN and CC hope NN . SENT In IN the DT words NNS of IN the DT prophet NN Isaiah NP , , Lift VV your PP$ eyes NNS and CC look VV to TO the DT heavens NNS . SENT Who WP created VVD all PDT these DT . 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SENT Launch VV of IN the DT crew NN was VBD delayed VVN for IN 10 CD days NNS to TO develop VV procedures NNS and CC crew NN training NN to TO make VV the DT workshop NN habitable JJ . SENT Repairs NNS by IN subsequent JJ crews NNS led VVN to TO virtually RB all DT mission NN objectives NNS being VBG met VVN . SENT Skylab NP re NN entered VVD on IN July NP 11 CD , , 1979 CD . SENT Major JJ Events NNS . SENT 22 CD January NP 1963 CD Orbiting VVG Space NP Station NP . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT LORL NP . SENT Launch NN Vehicle NN . SENT Saturn NP V NN . SENT More JJR details NNS Addressing VVG an DT Institute NP of IN Aerospace NP Science NP meeting NN in IN New NP York NP , , George NP von NP Tiesenhausen NP , , Chief NP of IN Future NP Studies NPS at IN NASA's NP Launch NN Operations NP Center NP , , stated VVN that IN by IN 1970 CD the DT United NP States NPS would MD need VV an DT orbiting VVG space NN station NN to TO launch VV and CC repair VV spacecraft NN . 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SENT O'Connor NP at IN MSFC NP to TO halt VV all DT Saturn NP IB NP Centaur NN efforts NNS except IN those DT already RB underway JJ that WDT could MD not RB be VB recalled VVN and CC disapproved VVN the DT request NN for IN an DT additional JJ 1 CD . SENT 1 CD million CD for IN the DT program NN . SENT Any DT funds NNS required VVN for IN definition NN of IN a DT Saturn NP V NN Voyager NP mission NN , , he PP said VVD , , would MD be VB authorized VVN separately RB . SENT 16 CD January NP 1966 CD National NP Academy NP of IN Sciences NPS report VVP outlining VVG research NN objectives NNS in IN lunar JJ and CC planetary JJ exploration NN for IN the DT 1970 CD s PP and CC early RB 1980 CD s PP . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Viking NN . 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SENT Clearly RB , , the DT report NN reflected VVD a DT predominant JJ mood NN within IN the DT scientific JJ community NN that IN scientific JJ research NN in IN space NN take VVP predominance NN over IN manned JJ programs NNS whose WP$ chief JJ objectives NNS , , said VVD the DT report NN , , were VBD other JJ than IN scientific JJ . SENT 23 CD March NP 1966 CD NASA NP released VVD the DT first JJ AAP NP schedule NN . SENT It PP envisioned VVD 26 CD Saturn NP IB NP and CC 19 CD Saturn NP V NN AAP NP launches VVZ . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Orbital JJ Workshop NN , , Skylab NP . SENT Launch NN Vehicle NN . SENT Saturn NP V NN . SENT More JJR details NNS Among IN these DT would MD be VB three CD S NP IVB NP Spent VVD Stage NN Experiment NN Support NN Modules NNS i NP . SENT e SYM . SENT , , wet JJ Workshops NNS , , three CD Saturn NP V NN boosted VVD orbital JJ laboratories NNS , , and CC four CD Apollo NP telescope NN mounts VVZ . SENT The DT initial JJ AAP NP launch NN was VBD slated VVN for IN April NP 1968 CD . SENT The DT schedule NN was VBD predicated VVN upon IN non JJ interference NN with IN the DT basic JJ Apollo NP lunar JJ landing NN program NN , , minimum JJ modifications NNS to TO basic JJ Apollo NP hardware NN , , and CC compatibility NN with IN existing JJ Apollo NP launch NN vehicles NNS . SENT 07 CD July NP 1966 CD Three CD separate JJ study NN efforts NNS within IN NASA NP evaluating VVG the DT S NP IVB NP stage NN as IN a DT manned JJ laboratory NN . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Orbital JJ Workshop NN , , Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS In IN a DT memorandum NN to TO Headquarters NN staff NN members NNS , , Advanced NP Manned VVD Missions NNS Program NP Director NP Edward NP Z NP . SENT Gray NP summarized VVD the DT three CD separate JJ study NN efforts NNS underway JJ within IN NASA NP directed VVD toward IN evaluating VVG the DT S NP IVB NP stage NN as IN a DT manned JJ laboratory NN . SENT 1 LS The DT spent VVN stage NN experiment NN support NN module NN SSESM NN study NN , , a DT joint JJ effort NN by IN MSC NP and CC MSFC NP . SENT 2 LS A DT spent VVN S NP IVB NP stage NN utilization NN study NN at IN MSFC NP . SENT 3 LS A DT Saturn NP V NN single JJ launch NN space NN station NN . SENT 06 CD April NP 1967 CD Donald NP K NP . SENT Slayton NP , , MSC NP Director NP of IN Flight NP Crew NP Operations NP , , requested VVN that IN the DT proposed VVN T NN 020 CD Jet NP Shoes NNS experiment NN be VB removed VVN from IN all DT AAP NP flights NNS . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Orbital JJ Workshop NN . SENT More JJR details NNS The DT Jet NP Shoes NNS experiment NN was VBD an DT astronaut NN maneuvering NN system NN consisting VVG of IN two CD small JJ thrusters NNS mounted VVD one CD beneath IN each DT foot NN and CC oriented VVN so RB that IN the DT thrust NN vectors VVZ passed VVN close NN to TO the DT center NN of IN body NN mass NN with IN legs NNS and CC feet NNS in IN a DT comfortable JJ position NN . SENT During IN January NP , , an DT engineering NN development NN model NN of IN the DT Jet NP Shoes NNS was VBD tested VVN by IN several JJ astronauts NNS on IN the DT MSC NP air NN bearing NN facility NN in IN cooperation NN with IN the DT Principal NN Investigator NN . SENT Although IN the DT tests NNS by IN the DT astronauts NNS were VBD shirt NN sleeve NN runs VVZ , , an DT LaRC NP test NN pilot NN made VVD several JJ runs NNS in IN an DT inflated JJ pressure NN suit NN . SENT The DT results NNS were VBD unsatisfactory JJ . SENT In IN his PP$ objections NNS to TO the DT experiment NN , , Slayton NP suggested VVD that IN its PP$ attempted JJ use NN by IN an DT astronaut NN wearing VVG a DT life NN support NN unit NN would MD provide VV extremely RB poor JJ visibility NN . SENT 26 CD July NP 1967 CD NASA NP Administrator NP Webb NP refuses VVZ to TO make VV choice NN between IN substantial JJ cuts NNS in IN either CC the DT Apollo NP Applications NP or CC Voyager NP programs NNS . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Voyager NP 1968 CD , , Orbital JJ Workshop NN . SENT More JJR details NNS NASA NP Administrator NP James NP E NP . SENT Webb NP testified VVD on IN the DT NASA NP FY NN 1968 CD authorization NN bill NN before IN the DT Senate NP Committee NP on IN Appropriations NPS Subcommittee NP on IN Independent NP Offices NNS . SENT Asked VVN by IN Sen NP . SENT Spessard NP Holland NP D NP Fla NP . SENT to TO make VV a DT choice NN between IN a DT substantial JJ cut NN in IN funding NN for IN the DT Apollo NP Applications NP Program NP and CC the DT Voyager NP program NN , , Webb NP replied VVD that IN both DT were VBD vital JJ to TO the DT U NP . SENT S NP . SENT space NN effort NN . SENT 23 CD October NP 1967 CD Minuteman NP strap NN one NN for IN the DT Saturn NP IB NP were VBD canceled VVN as IN part NN of IN the DT AAP NP . SENT The DT studies NNS for IN AAP NP on IN the DT feasibility NN of IN the DT Minuteman NP strap NN one NN were VBD terminated VVN . SENT Launch NN Vehicle NN . SENT Saturn NP IB NP . SENT More JJR details NNS 29 CD January NP 1968 CD Saturn NP V NN and CC Saturn NP I NP Workshop NN designations NNS . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Orbital JJ Workshop NN , , Skylab NP . SENT Launch NN Vehicle NN . SENT Saturn NP IB NP , , Saturn NP V NN . SENT More JJR details NNS Nomenclature NN for IN the DT OWS NN included VVD in IN the DT AAP NP presented VVD in IN the DT FY NN 1969 CD budget NN was VBD confirmed VVN by IN NASA NP . SENT The DT ground NN outfitted VVD OWS NNS to TO be VB launched VVN with IN Saturn NP V NN would MD be VB designated VVN the DT Saturn NP V NN Workshop NN . SENT This DT had VHD sometimes RB been VBN called VVN the DT dry JJ Workshop NN . SENT The DT OWS NN that WDT would MD be VB launched VVN by IN a DT Saturn NP IB NP would MD be VB referred VVN to TO as IN the DT Saturn NP I NN Workshop NN . SENT Colloquially RB it PP had VHD been VBN referred VVN to TO as IN the DT wet JJ workshop NN . SENT Terminology NN Uprated NP Saturn NP I PP would MD not RB be VB used VVN officially RB . SENT This DT launch NN vehicle NN would MD be VB referred VVN to TO as IN the DT Saturn NP IB NP . SENT 25 CD April NP 1968 CD NASA NP Hq NP requested VVD MSFC NP , , LaRC NP , , and CC MSC NP to TO perform VV independent JJ studies NNS to TO identify VV the DT most RBS desirable JJ agency NN program NN for IN the DT Saturn NP V NN Workshop NN and CC to TO provide VV a DT project NN plan NN . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS 08 CD June NP 1968 CD Aerobee NP NASA NP 04 CD . SENT 134 CD DS NP NASA NP launched VVD two CD Aerobee NP 150 CD sounding VVG rockets NNS from IN White NP Sands NPS Missile NP Range NP , , New NP Mexico NP . SENT NRL NP NE RB 3 CD . SENT 174 CD Launch NN Site NN . SENT White NP Sands NP . SENT Launch NN Vehicle NN . SENT Aerobee NP 150 CD . SENT More JJR details NNS The DT first JJ rocket NN carried VVD a DT Naval NP Research NP Laboratory NP and CC University NP of IN Maryland NP payload NN to TO a DT 179 CD km NN altitude NN to TO flight NN test NN a DT design NN verification NN unit NN of IN the DT high JJ resolution NN spectroheliograph NN planned VVN for IN use NN on IN the DT ATM NN . SENT The DT second JJ rocket NN carried VVD an DT American NP Science NP and CC Engineering NP , , Inc NP . SENT , , payload NN to TO a DT 150 CD km NN altitude NN to TO obtain VV high JJ resolution NN x SYM ray NN pictures NNS of IN active JJ regions NNS of IN the DT Sun NP during IN solar JJ flare NN and CC general JJ x NN ray NN emission NN of IN solar JJ corona NN . SENT The DT rocket NN and CC instrumentation NN performed VVD satisfactorily RB , , but CC the DT payload NN of IN the DT first JJ rocket NN failed VVD to TO separate VV , , thus RB preventing VVG functioning VVG of IN the DT parachute NN recovery NN system NN . SENT 01 CD August NP 1968 CD Following VVG receipt NN of IN NASA NP direction NN to TO limit VV Saturn NP V NN production NN to TO Vehicle NN 515 CD , , MSFC NP began VVD terminating VVG production NN of IN engine NN hardware NN for IN the DT Apollo NP and CC Apollo NP Applications NP programs NNS . SENT Launch NN Vehicle NN . SENT Saturn NP V NN . SENT More JJR details NNS The DT action NN involved VVD 27 CD H NN 1 CD , , eight CD F NN 1 CD , , and CC three CD J NP 2 CD rocket NN engines NNS . SENT 02 CD October NP 1968 CD MSFC NP and CC KSC NP officials NNS agreed VVD upon IN procedures NNS for IN maintaining VVG the DT capability NN to TO check VV out RP and CC launch VV the DT remaining VVG Saturn NP IB NP vehicle NN inventory NN . SENT Launch NN Vehicle NN . SENT Saturn NP IB NP . SENT More RBR details VVZ Their PP$ joint JJ recommendations NNS included VVD a DT phasedown NN on IN contractor NN activity NN following VVG the DT AS NP 205 CD launch NN . SENT deactivation NN of IN Launch NN Complexes NNS 34 CD and CC 37 CD to TO allow VV maximum JJ storage NN of IN equipment NN and CC minimum JJ maintenance NN on IN items NNS remaining VVG in IN place NN . SENT and CC continuance NN of IN KSC NP analysis NN of IN manpower NN required VVN to TO support VV the DT AAP NP dual JJ launch NN requirement NN , , with IN contractor NN participation NN at IN the DT earliest JJS date NN . SENT 15 CD January NP 1969 CD Management NN of IN the DT Saturn NP IB NP project NN and CC AAP NP assigned JJ spacecraft NN was VBD transferred VVN from IN the DT Apollo NP program NN to TO AAP NP . SENT Launch NN Vehicle NN . SENT Saturn NP IB NP . SENT More JJR details NNS This DT transfer NN of IN management NN responsibility NN included VVD Saturn NP IB NP launch NN vehicles NNS SA NP 206 CD through IN SA NP 212 CD and CC Saturn NP IB NP unique JJ spares NNS and CC unique JJ facilities NNS . SENT The DT Apollo NP program NN would MD continue VV to TO fund VV the DT Saturn NP IB NP effort NN through IN FY NN 1969 CD , , except IN for IN that DT effort NN unique JJ to TO AAP NP . SENT Beginning VVG in IN FY NN 1970 CD , , the DT Saturn NP IB NP funding NN would MD be VB an DT AAP NP responsibility NN . SENT This DT transfer NN of IN responsibilities NNS placed VVD management NN of IN the DT Saturn NP IB NP project NN under IN control NN of IN the DT program NN that WDT would MD use VV it PP and CC relieved JJ Apollo NP management NN of IN some DT responsibilities NNS , , allowing VVG more JJR time NN for IN concentration NN on IN the DT mainline JJ Apollo NP program NN . SENT 12 CD February NP 1969 CD Aerobee NP NASA NP 04 CD . SENT 135 CD DS NP NASA NP launched VVD an DT AAP NP related VVN Aerobee NP 150 CD sounding VVG rocket NN from IN White NP Sands NPS Missile NP Range NP . SENT NE RB 3 CD . SENT 175 CD Launch NN Site NN . SENT White NP Sands NP . SENT Launch NN Vehicle NN . SENT Aerobee NP 150 CD . SENT More JJR details NNS The DT rocket NN carried VVD a DT Naval NP Research NP Laboratory NP payload NN to TO 187 CD . SENT 9 CD km NN altitude NN to TO record VV photographically RB 18 CD extreme JJ ultraviolet NN spectra NN of IN solar JJ photosphere NN , , chromosphere NN , , and CC corona NN , , using VVG a DT flight NN design NN verification NN unit NN of IN the DT high JJ resolution NN spectrograph NN planned VVN for IN ATM NN A DT and CC ATM NN B NN . SENT Rocket NN and CC instruments NNS performed VVD satisfactorily RB . SENT 21 CD May NP 1969 CD Saturn NP V NN dry JJ Workshop NN decision NN . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Orbital JJ Workshop NN , , Skylab NP , , Apollo NP ATM NN . SENT Launch NN Vehicle NN . SENT Saturn NP IB NP , , Saturn NP V NN . SENT More JJR details NNS Gilruth NP and CC Von NP Braun NP support NN decision NN to TO fly VV a DT complete JJ integrated JJ solution NN on IN a DT single JJ Saturn NP V NN launch NN . SENT 22 CD May NP 1969 CD AAP NP baseline NN configuration NN review NN was VBD held VVN at IN NASA NP Hq NP . SENT More JJR details NNS MSC NP and CC MSFC NP presented VVD a DT status NN report NN on IN weight NN of IN flight NN modules NNS , , measurement NN lists NNS by IN modules NNS , , plans VVZ for IN controlling VVG the DT lists NNS , , and CC criteria NNS for IN measurement NN selection NN . SENT KSC NP gave VVD a DT report NN on IN the DT status NN of IN LC NP 34 CD 37 CD equipment NN and CC facilities NNS and CC plans NNS for IN getting VVG them PP ready JJ for IN AAP NP . SENT MSFC NP presented VVD the DT status NN of IN a DT joint JJ MSC NP MSFC NP study NN of IN stowage NN on IN AAP NP 2 CD , , a DT status NN report NN on IN the DT caution NN and CC warning NN system NN , , and CC the DT current JJ plan NN for IN LM NP ATM NN extravehicular JJ activity NN film NN exchange NN . SENT MSC NP reviewed VVD plans NNS for IN the DT development NN of IN mission NN operations NNS documentation NN and CC presented VVD the DT results NNS of IN a DT joint JJ MSFC NP MSC NP study NN on IN the DT use NN of IN the DT CSM NN to TO rescue VV a DT malfunctioned VVN LM NP ATM NN . SENT 01 CD July NP 1969 CD A DT study NN was VBD conducted VVN to TO determine VV the DT feasibility NN of IN providing VVG an DT artificial JJ gravity NN operating VVG mode NN for IN a DT second JJ OWS NN . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Apollo NP ATM NN . SENT More JJR details NNS Study NN results NNS indicated VVD there EX were VBD several JJ areas NNS of IN the DT OWS NN that WDT would MD require VV unique JJ configuration NN characteristics NNS . SENT Among IN the DT areas NNS of IN concern NN were VBD antenna NN location NN and CC coverage NN . SENT CSM NP MDA NP docking VVG interface NN strength NN . SENT reaction NN control NN system NN characteristics NNS , , propellant NN consumption NN , , and CC attitude NN control NN logic NN to TO maintain VV solar JJ orientation NN in IN the DT face NN of IN gravity NN gradient NN torques NNS . SENT ATM NN mounting VVG and CC deployment NN provisions NNS . SENT and CC the DT ATM NN solar JJ array NN structure NN . SENT 11 CD July NP 1969 CD MSC NP terminated VVD the DT development NN of IN the DT A NP 9 CD L NP space NN suit NN . SENT The DT AL NP 7 CD space NN suit NN , , used VVN in IN the DT Apollo NP program NN , , would MD continue VV in IN use NN until IN replaced VVN by IN a DT flight NN qualified JJ , , constant JJ volume NN suit NN . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT A DT 9 CD L NP , , A DT 7 CD L NP . SENT More JJR details NNS During IN the DT Mercury NP program NN a DT modified JJ version NN of IN the DT Goodrich NP Navy NP Mark NP IV NP suit NN was VBD used VVN . SENT In IN the DT Gemini JJ program NN a DT modified JJ version NN of IN a DT suit NN developed VVN by IN David NP Clark NP Company NP for IN the DT USAF NP was VBD used VVN . SENT Hamilton NP Standard NP had VHD overall JJ development NN responsibility NN for IN the DT Apollo NP suit NN and CC associated VVN portable JJ life NN support NN system NN . SENT A DT subcontract JJ was VBD awarded VVN to TO International NP Latex NN Corporation NP for IN development NN of IN this DT suit NN . SENT After IN suit NN development NN was VBD completed VVN , , the DT production NN contract NN was VBD awarded VVN to TO International NP Latex NN , , and CC the DT initial JJ suit NN was VBD designated VVN A DT 5 CD L NP . SENT The DT A NP 6 CD L NP design NN incorporated VVD a DT thermal JJ meteoroid NN garment NN . SENT Following VVG the DT Apollo NP fire NN , , the DT suit NN was VBD redesigned VVN to TO eliminate VV flammable JJ materials NNS and CC was VBD designated VVN A DT 7 CD L NP designation NN A DT 8 CD L NP was VBD never RB used VVN . SENT Two CD hard JJ shell NN , , constant JJ volume NN suits NNS were VBD under IN development NN , , an DT extravehicular JJ suit NN was VBD being VBG developed VVN by IN Litton NP Industries NPS , , and CC an DT intravehicular JJ suit NN was VBD being VBG developed VVN by IN AiResearch NP Corporation NP . SENT Both CC of IN the DT latter NN would MD be VB used VVN in IN the DT Apollo NP Applications NP Program NP . SENT 18 CD July NP 1969 CD NASA NP Administrator NP Paine NP approved VVD the DT shift NN from IN a DT wet JJ to TO a DT dry JJ Orbital JJ Workshop NN for IN AAP NP . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Orbital JJ Workshop NN , , Skylab NP , , Apollo NP ATM NN . SENT Launch NN Vehicle NN . SENT Saturn NP IB NP , , Saturn NP V NN . SENT More JJR details NNS NASA NP Administrator NP Thomas NP O NP . SENT Paine NP approved VVD the DT shift NN from IN a DT wet JJ to TO a DT dry JJ Orbital JJ Workshop NN concept NN for IN AAP NP following VVG a DT review NN presentation NN by IN program NN officials NNS on IN the DT potential JJ benefits NNS of IN such PDT a DT change NN . SENT On IN 22 CD July NP , , AAP NP Director NP William NP C NP . SENT Schneider NP ordered VVD program NN managers NNS at IN the DT three CD Centers NPS to TO implement VV the DT change NN , , abandoning VVG the DT idea NN of IN using VVG a DT spent VVN Saturn NP IB NP second JJ stage NN for IN a DT Workshop NN and CC adopting VVG the DT concept NN of IN a DT fully RB equipped VVN dry JJ configuration NN with IN the DT ATM NN integrated VVN into IN the DT total JJ payload NN launched VVN aboard IN a DT Saturn NP V NN . SENT 22 CD July NP 1969 CD NASA NP formally RB announced VVD the DT AAP NP project NN reorientation NN to TO the DT dry JJ Workshop NN configuration NN both CC the DT fully RB outfitted VVN workshop NN and CC integrated JJ ATM NN launched VVN aboard IN a DT single JJ Saturn NP V NN . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Orbital JJ Workshop NN , , Skylab NP , , Apollo NP ATM NN . SENT More JJR details NNS Program NN objectives NNS for IN AAP NP remained VVD unchanged JJ , , however RB . SENT The DT schedule NN called VVN for IN first JJ launch NN in IN 1972 CD . SENT The DT Workshop NN would MD be VB placed VVN in IN a DT circular JJ orbit NN first RB . SENT About IN a DT day NN later RBR , , the DT three CD man NN crew NN would MD ride VV aboard IN a DT Saturn NP IB NP into IN orbit NN to TO link VV up RP with IN the DT Workshop NN ATM NN cluster NN , , thus RB beginning VVG the DT manned VVD portion NN of IN the DT mission NN . SENT 29 CD July NP 1969 CD A DT critical JJ design NN review NN was VBD held VVN on IN the DT two CD H NP Alpha NP telescopes NNS being VBG provided VVN for IN the DT ATM NN by IN Perkin NP Elmer NP Corporation NP . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP , , Apollo NP ATM NN . SENT More JJR details NNS Representatives NNS from IN NASA NP Hq NP , , KSC NP , , MSC NP , , MSFC NP , , Harvard NP College NP Observatory NN , , and CC Naval NP Research NP Laboratory NP attended VVD . SENT Except IN for IN the DT mechanical JJ reticle NN subsystem NN , , a DT requirement NN recently RB added VVD to TO the DT telescope NN system NN , , the DT Perkin NP Elmer NP design NN appeared VVD sound JJ . SENT Only RB minor JJ discrepancies NNS were VBD noted VVN . SENT 05 CD August NP 1969 CD Saturn NP V NN Workshop NN decision NN leaves VVZ LM NP 2 CD as IN the DT only JJ flight NN LM NP article NN to TO remain VV on IN Earth NP . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Apollo NP LM NP . SENT More JJR details NNS Following VVG the DT decision NN to TO implement VV the DT Saturn NP V NN dry JJ Workshop NN , , LM NP 2 CD was VBD the DT only JJ flight NN LM NP article NN to TO remain VV on IN Earth NP . SENT Therefore RB , , NASA NP Hq NP requested VVD MSC NP consideration NN for IN early JJ disposition NN of IN it PP to TO the DT Smithsonian NP Institution NP as IN an DT artifact NN of IN historical JJ interest NN . SENT Since IN it PP was VBD expected VVN that IN the DT Smithsonian NP would MD exhibit VV LM NP 2 CD as IN a DT replica NN of IN LM NP 5 CD , , Headquarters NNS also RB requested VVN that IN MSC NP consider VVP refurbishment NN to TO provide VV a DT more RBR accurate JJ representation NN of IN the DT LM NP 5 CD configuration NN before IN its PP$ transfer NN to TO the DT Smithsonian NP . SENT 08 CD August NP 1969 CD Definitized VVD contract NN with IN McDonnell NP Douglas NP for IN two CD Orbital JJ Workshops NNS for IN the DT Apollo NP Applications NP Program NP . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS MSFC NP definitized VVD the DT existing JJ contract NN with IN McDonnell NP Douglas NP for IN two CD Orbital JJ Workshops NNS for IN the DT Apollo NP Applications NP Program NP , , converted VVD S NP IVB NP stages VVZ to TO be VB launched VVN by IN Saturn NP V NN boosters NNS . SENT The DT contract NN was VBD slated VVN to TO run VV through IN July NP 1972 CD , , with IN most JJS of IN the DT work NN to TO be VB performed VVN at IN the DT company's JJ plant NN at IN Huntington NP Beach NP , , California NP . SENT The DT first JJ Workshop NN was VBD tentatively RB scheduled VVN for IN flight NN in IN mid JJ 1972 CD , , with IN the DT second JJ article NN initially RB serving VVG as IN a DT backup JJ vehicle NN if IN needed VVN . SENT 13 CD August NP 1969 CD NASA NP Hq NP revised VVD AAP NP delivery NN and CC launch NN schedules NNS , , further RBR altering VVG the DT program NN in IN light NN of IN both DT changing VVG resources NNS and CC fiscal JJ climate NN , , as RB well RB as IN a DT maturing VVG of IN program NN plans NNS per IN se FW . SENT Launch NN Vehicle NN . SENT Saturn NP IB NP , , Saturn NP V NN . SENT More JJR details NNS The DT new JJ schedule NN called VVN for IN seven CD Saturn NP IB NP and CC two CD Saturn NP V NN launches NNS , , with IN flight NN of IN the DT first JJ Workshop NN slated VVN for IN July NP 1972 CD . SENT 28 CD August NP 1969 CD KSC NP officials NNS and CC AAP NP managers NNS recommended VVD to TO the DT Manned VVD Space NP Flight NP Management NP Council NP that IN the DT Saturn NP IB NP AAP NP launches VVZ take VV place NN from IN LC NP 37 CD rather RB than IN LC NP 34 CD . SENT Launch NN Vehicle NN . SENT Saturn NP IB NP . SENT More JJR details NNS They PP were VBD incorporating VVG the DT recommendation NN into IN the DT latest JJS program NN operating VVG plan NN proposals NNS . SENT If IN the DT recommendation NN were VBD accepted VVN , , LC NP 34 CD would MD be VB partially RB deactivated VVN and CC placed VVN in IN a DT down JJ mode NN condition NN . SENT 05 CD September NP 1969 CD The NP objectives NNS , , constraints NNS , , and CC guidelines NNS for IN a DT second JJ Skylab NP OWS NN . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS The DT objectives NNS , , constraints NNS , , and CC guidelines NNS for IN a DT second JJ OWS NN were VBD stated VVN in IN general JJ terms NNS along IN the DT following VVG lines NNS . SENT OWS NNS would MD reflect VV the DT same JJ physical JJ features NNS and CC capabilities NNS exhibited VVN by IN the DT initial JJ Workshop NN and CC would MD use VV the DT flight NN hardware NN to TO be VB procured VVN as IN backup NN for IN the DT first JJ Workshop NN missions NNS . SENT Crew NN complement VV would MD consist VV of IN three CD men NNS at IN least JJS one CD scientist NN astronaut NN . SENT Operating VVG life NN would MD be VB 12 CD to TO 24 CD months NNS , , nominally RB continuously RB manned VVD . SENT Orbital JJ altitude NN would MD be VB in IN the DT range NN of IN 390 CD to TO 500 CD km NN at IN an DT inclination NN up RB to TO 55 CD . SENT 11 CD September NP 1969 CD Two CD major JJ directions NNS were VBD identified VVN for IN NASA NP manned VVD space NN flight NN in IN the DT next JJ decade NN . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP , , Columbia NP . SENT Launch NN Vehicle NN . SENT Shuttle NN . SENT More JJR details NNS Two CD major JJ directions NNS were VBD identified VVN for IN manned VVD space NN flight NN in IN the DT next JJ decade NN . SENT These DT were VBD further JJR exploration NN of IN the DT Moon NP , , with IN possibly RB the DT establishment NN of IN a DT lunar JJ surface NN base NN , , and CC the DT continued JJ development NN of IN manned VVD flight NN in IN Earth NP orbit NN , , leading VVG to TO a DT permanent JJ manned VVD space NN station NN supported VVN by IN a DT low JJ cost NN shuttle NN system NN . SENT To TO maintain VV direction NN , , the DT following VVG key JJ milestones NNS were VBD proposed VVN . SENT 1972 CD AAP NP operations NNS using VVG a DT Saturn NP V NN launched VVD Workshop NN 1973 CD Start NP of IN post NN Apollo NP lunar JJ exploration NN 1974 CD Start NP of IN suborbital JJ flight NN tests NNS of IN Earth NN to TO orbit NN shuttle NN Launch NN of IN a DT second JJ Saturn NP V NN Workshop NN 1975 CD Initial JJ space NN station NN operations NNS Orbital JJ shuttle NN flights NNS 1976 CD Lunar JJ orbit NN station NN Full JJ shuttle NN operations NNS 1977 CD Nuclear JJ stage NN flight NN test NN 1978 CD Nuclear NP shuttle NN operations NNS orbit NN to TO orbit NN 1979 CD Space NN station NN in IN synchronous JJ orbit NN By IN 1990 CD Earth NN orbit NN space NN base NN Lunar JJ surface NN base NN Possible JJ Mars NP landing NN 01 CD November NP 1969 CD A DT major JJ study NN was VBD performed VVN by IN KSC NP , , The DT Boeing NP Company NP , , and CC Chrysler NP Corporation NP to TO determine VV the DT feasibility NN of IN launching VVG S NP IB NP vehicles NNS from IN LC NP 39 CD . SENT Launch NN Vehicle NN . SENT Saturn NP IB NP . SENT More JJR details NNS Major JJ facilities NNS and CC equipment NN needed VVN to TO convert VV LC NP 39 CD to TO an DT elevated JJ pedestal NN configuration NN were VBD studied VVN , , as RB well RB as IN estimated JJ cost NN figures NNS , , program NN schedules NNS , , and CC interrelationships NNS with IN other JJ NASA NP programs NNS . SENT The DT study NN indicated VVD that DT use NN of IN the DT elevated JJ pedestal NN concept NN in IN LC NP 39 CD appeared VVD technically RB and CC operationally RB feasible JJ . SENT However RB , , because IN of IN the DT close JJ operational JJ coupling NN of IN the DT Apollo NP and CC AAP NP if IN this DT concept NN were VBD implemented VVN , , it PP was VBD decided VVN to TO defer VV further JJR consideration NN of IN this DT concept NN . SENT 04 CD November NP 1969 CD Aerobee NP NASA NP 04 CD . SENT 283 CD CS NP Two CD Apollo NP ATM NN related VVN Aerobee NP rockets NNS were VBD launched VVN from IN the DT White NP Sands NP Missile NP Range NP , , New NP Mexico NP . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Apollo NP ATM NN . SENT Launch NN Site NN . SENT White NP Sands NP . SENT Launch NN Vehicle NN . SENT Aerobee NP 150 CD . SENT More JJR details NNS The DT rockets NNS achieved VVD expected VVN performance NN , , solar JJ pointing VVG systems NNS functioned VVD properly RB , , payloads NNS were VBD successfully RB recovered VVN , , and CC preliminary JJ results NNS appeared VVD excellent JJ . SENT The DT information NN obtained VVN by IN the DT rocket NN flights NNS on IN solar JJ emission NN intensity NN , , filter NN performance NN , , film NN response NN , , and CC exposure NN time NN would MD be VB available JJ in IN time NN to TO provide VV a DT useful JJ and CC effective JJ feedback NN into IN the DT ATM NN instruments NNS development NN program NN . SENT 05 CD November NP 1969 CD Space NP rescue NN and CC emergency NN coordination NN said VVD to TO offer VV opportunities NNS to TO bring VV the DT space NN faring VVG nations NNS of IN the DT world NN closer RBR together RB . SENT More JJR details NNS Olin NP E NP . SENT Teague NP , , Chairman NP of IN the DT House NP of IN Representatives NPS Committee NP on IN Science NP and CC Astronautics NN Subcommittee NP on RB Manned VVD Space NP Flight NP , , suggested VVD that DT space NN rescue NN and CC emergency NN coordination NN would MD offer VV opportunities NNS to TO bring VV the DT space NN faring VVG nations NNS of IN the DT world NN closer RBR together RB . SENT In IN an DT initial JJ response NN to TO the DT letter NN , , NASA NP Hq NP appointed VVD a DT Space NP Station NP Safety NP Advisor NP and CC established VVD a DT Shuttle NN Safety NP Advisory NP Panel NN . SENT 18 CD December NP 1969 CD LC NP 34 CD would MD be VB used VVN for IN Saturn NP IB NP related VVD AAP NP manned VVD launches NNS . SENT Launch NN Vehicle NN . SENT Saturn NP IB NP . SENT More JJR details NNS KSC NP Director NP Kurt NP H NP . SENT Debus NP announced VVD that IN LC NP 34 CD would MD be VB used VVN for IN Saturn NP IB NP related VVD AAP NP manned VVD launches NNS scheduled VVN to TO begin VV in IN mid JJ 1972 CD , , while IN LC NP 37 CD would MD be VB placed VVN in IN a DT semi NN deactivated VVD minimum JJ maintenance NN condition NN . SENT Thomas NP W NP . SENT Morgan NP , , AAP NP Manager NP of IN the DT Florida NP Center NP , , said VVD that DT design NN of IN modifications NNS to TO LC NP 34 CD to TO meet VV the DT needs NNS of IN AAP NP would MD begin VV on IN 1 CD January NP 1970 CD , , while IN the DT modifications NNS to TO the DT pad NN itself PP would MD begin VV around RP the DT end NN of IN the DT summer NN . SENT The DT current JJ estimate NN for IN the DT cost NN of IN modifying VVG the DT complex NN and CC bringing VVG it PP to TO a DT state NN of IN readiness NN was VBD about RB 3 CD . SENT 7 CD million CD . SENT 02 CD January NP 1970 CD MSFC NP shipped VVD a DT test NN version NN of IN the DT Saturn NP V NN third JJ S NP IVB NP stage NN to TO McDonnell NP Douglas NP to TO be VB converted VVN into IN a DT Workshop NN test NN article NN for IN use NN in IN AAP NP dynamics NNS and CC acoustics NN testing NN . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS The DT stage NN had VHD earlier RB been VBN used VVN as IN a DT Saturn NP V NN facilities NNS vehicle NN to TO check VV out RP manufacturing NN , , testing NN , , and CC launching VVG facilities NNS during IN the DT Apollo NP Saturn NP V NN program NN . SENT 07 CD January NP 1970 CD The DT Apollo NP 20 CD mission NN was VBD deleted VVN from IN the DT program NN . SENT More JJR details NNS MSC NP was VBD directed VVN to TO take VV some DT immediate JJ actions NNS including VVG determination NN of IN the DT disposition NN of IN CSM NP 115 CD A DT , , pending VVG a DT final JJ decision NN as RB to TO its PP$ possible JJ use NN in IN a DT second JJ Workshop NN mission NN . SENT 07 CD January NP 1970 CD Saturn NP V NN launch NN vehicle NN 513 CD was VBD designated VVN for IN the DT first JJ AAP NP Workshop NN launch NN . SENT For IN planning NN purposes NNS , , launch NN vehicle NN 515 CD was VBD being VBG considered VVN for IN use NN with IN either CC a DT backup JJ or CC second JJ Workshop NN . SENT Launch NN Vehicle NN . SENT Saturn NP V NN . SENT More JJR details NNS 22 CD January NP 1970 CD Apollo NP Applications NP Program NP Managers NP met VVD at IN MSFC NP and CC conducted VVD a DT full JJ review NN of IN the DT ATM NN status NN . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP , , Apollo NP ATM NN . SENT More JJR details NNS Among IN the DT items NNS covered VVN were VBD the DT film NN vault NN design NN , , film NN test NN program NN , , subsystems NNS status NN , , module NN ground NN test NN program NN , , quality NN and CC reliability NN , , mission NN operations NNS support VVP to TO MSC NP , , prototype NN refurbishment NN , , project NN schedules NNS , , and CC funding NN . SENT 17 CD February NP 1970 CD Apollo NP Applications NP Program NP redesignated VVD the DT Skylab NP Program NN . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS NASA NP announced VVD that IN the DT Apollo NP Applications NP Program NP had VHD been VBN redesignated VVN the DT Skylab NP Program NN . SENT The DT name NN Skylab NP , , a DT contraction NN connoting VVG a DT laboratory NN in IN the DT sky NN , , was VBD proposed VVN by IN Donald NP L NP . SENT Steelman NP , , USAF NP , , while IN assigned VVN to TO NASA NP . SENT The DT name NN was VBD proposed VVN following VVG an DT announcement NN by IN NASA NP in IN 1968 CD that IN they PP were VBD seeking VVG a DT new JJ name NN for IN AAP NP . SENT Then RB NASA NP decided VVD to TO postpone VV renaming VVG the DT program NN because IN of IN budgetary JJ restrictions NNS . SENT Skylab NP was VBD later RBR referred VVN to TO the DT NASA NP Project NP Designation NN Committee NP and CC was VBD approved VVN 17 CD February NP 1970 CD . SENT 15 CD March NP 1970 CD Definition NN studies NNS for IN a DT second JJ Orbital NN Workshop NN Skylab NP II NP . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS Definition NN studies NNS for IN a DT second JJ Orbital NN Workshop NN Skylab NP II NP were VBD under IN study NN . SENT Mission NN objectives NNS would MD respond VV to TO the DT following VVG major JJ objectives NNS . SENT continued JJ development NN and CC expansion NN of IN the DT ability NN to TO live VV , , work VV , , and CC operate VV effectively RB in IN space NN . SENT exploitation NN of IN space NN for IN practical JJ benefits NNS through IN the DT observation NN of IN Earth NP and CC its PP$ environment NN . SENT and CC the DT use NN of IN space NN for IN scientific JJ research NN . SENT 18 CD March NP 1970 CD MSFC NP recommended JJ disapproval NN of IN a DT space NN bath NN on IN Skylab NP based VVN on IN the DT following NN . SENT The DT cost NN was VBD considered VVN excessive JJ . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS The DT requirement NN was VBD not RB mandatory JJ for IN mission NN success NN . SENT The DT schedule NN impact NN was VBD unacceptable JJ . SENT 07 CD April NP 1970 CD A NP Manned VVD Space NP Flight NP Management NP Council NP meeting NN at IN KSC NP focused VVD on IN a DT second JJ Skylab NP Program NN . SENT More JJR details NNS Issues NNS discussed VVD were VBD whether IN there EX should MD be VB a DT Skylab NP II NP , , and CC , , if IN so RB , , what WP its PP$ fundamental JJ mission NN and CC configuration NN should MD be VB , , how WRB long JJ it PP should MD stay VV in IN orbit NN , , what WP its PP$ experiment NN payload NN should MD be VB , , and CC how WRB many JJ manned VVD launches NNS should MD be VB planned VVN for IN it PP . SENT MSC NP recommended VVD that DT artificial JJ gravity NN and CC expanded JJ Earth NN survey NN experiments NNS be VB included VVN as IN major JJ objectives NNS of IN a DT second JJ Skylab NP Program NN . SENT 10 CD April NP 1970 CD A DT contract NN was VBD awarded VVN to TO Itek NP Corporation NP by IN MSC NP for IN the DT design NN , , development NN , , and CC delivery NN of IN multispectral NP photographic JJ equipment NN S NP 190 CD A DT for IN the DT Skylab NP Program NN . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS The DT contract NN called VVN for IN delivery NN by IN July NP 1971 CD of IN a DT six CD lens NN camera NN unit NN which WDT would MD become VV part NN of IN the DT Earth NP resources NNS experiment NN package NN in IN the DT Skylab NP missions NNS . SENT 21 CD April NP 1970 CD NASA NP might MD scrap VV two CD of IN its PP$ six CD scheduled JJ Moon NP flights NNS , , the DT Washington NP Daily NP News NP said VVD . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS Apollo NP 18 CD and CC 19 CD might MD be VB scrapped VVN because IN some DT NASA NP planners NNS wanted VVD to TO use VV the DT boosters NNS and CC spaceships NNS already RB being VBG built VVN to TO speed VV the DT space NN base NN and CC space NN station NN programs NNS . SENT Assistant NP Administrator NP George NP M NP . SENT Low NN was VBD reported VVN as IN saying VVG NASA NP already RB was VBD studying VVG the DT possibility NN of IN canceling VVG Apollo NP 19 CD and CC using VVG its PP$ Saturn NP V NN booster NN and CC the DT Apollo NP spacecraft NN for IN a DT second JJ Skylab NP . SENT NASA NP said VVD there EX was VBD sentiment NN for IN using VVG Apollo NP 18 CD equipment NN for IN an DT even RB more RBR ambitious JJ venture NN base NN station NN that WDT would MD stay VV aloft RB for IN 10 CD years NNS vs NP . SENT 1 CD year NN for IN Skylab NP and CC could MD be VB added VVN onto IN until IN it PP could MD accommodate VV 100 CD men NNS . SENT 04 CD May NP 1970 CD A DT system NN flexibility NN study NN was VBD being VBG conducted VVN of IN systems NNS and CC subsystems NNS within IN the DT Skylab NP cluster NN in IN order NN to TO achieve VV the DT best RBS possible JJ flexibility NN in IN case NN of IN a DT malfunction NN . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS The DT focus NN was VBD on IN those DT actions NNS available JJ to TO ensure VV the DT rapid JJ return NN of IN command NN and CC service NN modules NNS in IN the DT event NN of IN a DT malfunction NN forcing VVG an DT abort VV and CC possible JJ actions NNS that WDT would MD permit VV completion NN of IN OWS JJ onboard JJ functions NNS to TO ensure VV acquisition NN of IN maximum JJ experiment NN data NNS . SENT 14 CD May NP 1970 CD Docking VVG a DT second JJ Orbital JJ Workshop NN to TO Skylab NP 1 CD seen VVN to TO be VB difficult JJ . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS The DT feasibility NN of IN docking VVG a DT second JJ Orbital JJ Workshop NN to TO Skylab NP 1 CD had VHD been VBN under IN consideration NN . SENT However RB , , the DT practical JJ problems NNS that WDT would MD be VB engendered VVN by IN such PDT an DT operation NN were VBD formidable JJ . SENT They PP included VVD such JJ items NNS as IN docking VVG loads NNS , , docking VVG control NN , , flight NN attitude NN of IN tandem JJ Skylabs NNS , , consumables NNS , , and CC in IN orbit NN storage NN of IN Skylab NP 1 CD . SENT 15 CD May NP 1970 CD NASA NP Hq NP announced VVD that IN both CC the DT manned VVD and CC unmanned JJ Saturn NP IB NP and CC Saturn NP V NN launches VVZ of IN the DT Skylab NP Program NN would MD be VB from IN KSC NP LC NP 39 CD . SENT Launch NN Vehicle NN . SENT Saturn NP IB NP . SENT More JJR details NNS Previous JJ plans NNS were VBD to TO conduct VV the DT Saturn NP IB NP launches VVZ from IN LC NP 34 CD , , a DT part NN of IN the DT U NP . SENT S NP . SENT Air NP Force NP Eastern NP Test NP Range NP used VVD by IN NASA NP , , a DT tenant NN at IN Cape NP Canaveral NP Air NP Force NP Station NP , , Florida NP . SENT However RB , , program NN studies NNS showed VVD the DT feasibility NN of IN the DT pedestal NN concept NN of IN launching VVG the DT Saturn NP IB NP from IN LC NP 39 CD and CC indicated VVD a DT cost NN savings NNS of IN 13 CD . SENT 5 CD million CD . SENT The DT pedestal NN would MD be VB of IN standard JJ steel NN structural JJ design NN . SENT however RB , , there EX were VBD unique JJ conditions NNS considered VVN . SENT One CD of IN these DT was VBD the DT requirement NN to TO withstand VV engine NN exhaust NN temperatures NNS of IN 3000 CD K NN 5000 CD F NN . SENT Another DT dealt VVN with IN winds NNS . SENT The DT pedestal NN was VBD designed VVN to TO launch VV an DT S NP IB NP at IN maximum JJ vehicle NN allowed VVD winds NNS 59 CD . SENT 4 CD km NN and CC to TO withstand VV a DT 200 CD km NN per IN hr NP hurricane NN without IN the DT launch NN vehicle NN . SENT Launch NN Complex NN 34 CD , , which WDT became VVD operational JJ in IN 1961 CD , , was VBD placed VVN in IN a DT standby JJ condition NN after IN the DT Apollo NP 7 CD flight NN in IN October NP 1968 CD . SENT It PP would MD have VH required VVN extensive JJ updating VVG of IN equipment NN and CC repairs NNS to TO ready JJ it PP for IN the DT Skylab NP Program NN . SENT 04 CD June NP 1970 CD MSC NP announced VVD a DT supplemental JJ agreement NN to TO the DT Apollo NP contract NN with IN North NP American NP Rockwell NP to TO provide VV four CD CSMs NNS for IN the DT Skylab NP Program NN . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS The DT agreement NN definitized VVD a DT letter NN contract NN issued VVN in IN March NP 1969 CD . SENT 18 CD June NP 1970 CD NASA NP announced VVD selection NN of IN Honeywell NP , , Inc NP . SENT , , of IN Boston NP for IN award NN of IN a DT contract NN for IN the DT design NN , , development NN , , and CC delivery NN of IN a DT 10 CD band NN multispectral NP scanner NN instrument NN for IN use NN in IN the DT Skylab NP Program NN . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS The DT multispectral NP scanner NN would MD be VB flown VVN as IN part NN of IN Skylab's NP Earth NP resources NNS experiment NN package NN . SENT Purpose NN of IN the DT scanner NN would MD be VB to TO detect VV and CC measure VV radiated VVN and CC reflected VVN solar JJ energy NN from IN materials NNS on IN Earth NP . SENT 19 CD June NP 1970 CD General NP Electric NP contract NN for IN a DT microwave NN radiometer NN scatterometer NN altimeter NN for IN Skylab NP . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS General NP Electric NP Company NP , , Valley NP Forge NP , , Pennsylvania NP , , was VBD awarded VVN a DT contract NN for IN the DT design NN , , development NN , , and CC delivery NN of IN a DT microwave NN radiometer NN scatterometer NN altimeter NN instrument NN for IN the DT Skylab NP Program NN . SENT The DT instrument NN would MD be VB part NN of IN the DT Earth NP resources NNS experiment NN package NN , , which WDT also RB included VVD a DT multispectral NP photographic JJ facility NN , , an DT infrared JJ scanner NN , , and CC a DT 10 CD band NN multispectral NP scanner NN . SENT Objectives NNS of IN the DT microwave NN radiometer NN scatterometer NN altimeter NN experiment NN would MD be VB to TO determine VV the DT usefulness NN of IN active JJ and CC passive JJ microwave NN systems NNS in IN providing VVG information NN on IN land NN and CC sea NN conditions NNS . SENT 01 CD July NP 1970 CD KSC NP awarded VVD contracts NNS to TO AC NP Electronics NPS Division NP , , General NP Motors NPS Corporation NP , , and CC General NP Electric NP Company NP . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS The DT AC NP Electronics NP contract NN would MD provide VV Apollo NP CSM NP and CC LM NP guidance NN and CC navigation NN systems NNS test NN and CC mission NN support NN at IN KSC NP for IN the DT Apollo NP and CC Skylab NP Programs NP . SENT The DT General NP Electric NP contract NN would MD provide VV personnel NNS and CC equipment NN for IN maintenance NN and CC operation NN of IN acceptance NN checkout NN equipment NN and CC quick JJ look NN data NN systems NNS which WDT were VBD designed VVN and CC built VVN by IN General NP Electric NP . SENT 04 CD July NP 1970 CD Cutler NP Hammer NP , , Inc NP . SENT , , was VBD awarded VVN a DT contract NN for IN the DT design NN and CC development NN of IN an DT L NP band NN microwave NN radiometer NN for IN use NN in IN the DT Skylab NP Program NN . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS The DT radiometer NN would MD measure VV brightness NN and CC temperature NN of IN the DT terrestrial JJ surface NN of IN the DT Skylab NP ground NN track NN . SENT 23 CD July NP 1970 CD MSFC NP modified VVN an DT existing JJ contract NN with IN McDonnell NP Douglas NP for IN additional JJ work NN on IN the DT Skylab NP airlock NN . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS The DT AM NP was VBD a DT 1 CD . SENT 6 CD m NN diameter NN tunnel NN attached VVN to TO the DT top NN of IN the DT Workshop NN . SENT It PP provided VVD the DT major JJ work NN area NN and CC support NN equipment NN required VVN to TO activate VV and CC operate VV the DT Workshop NN and CC also RB formed VVD a DT passageway NN for IN the DT astronauts NNS to TO move VV from IN the DT Apollo NP CM NP and CC MDA NP into IN the DT Workshop NN . SENT The DT airlock NN could MD also RB be VB depressurized VVN and CC sealed VVN off RP for IN exit NN into IN space NN outside IN the DT vehicle NN . SENT 30 CD July NP 1970 CD Contract NN for IN adapting VVG existing JJ Saturn NP V NN facilities NNS to TO launch VV Saturn NP IB NP space NN vehicles NNS . SENT Launch NN Vehicle NN . SENT Saturn NP IB NP , , Saturn NP V NN . SENT More JJR details NNS KSC NP awarded VVD a DT contract NN to TO Reynolds NP , , Smith NP , , and CC Hills NP of IN Jacksonville NP , , Florida NP , , for IN architectural JJ and CC engineering NN services NNS in IN modification NN plans NNS for IN adapting VVG existing JJ Saturn NP V NN facilities NNS at IN Launch NN Complex NN 39 CD to TO launch VV Saturn NP IB NP space NN vehicles NNS . SENT A DT launcher NN umbilical NN tower NN would MD require VV a DT major JJ modification NN , , and CC minor JJ modification NN would MD be VB required VVN in IN the DT service NN platforms NNS of IN the DT Vehicle NN Assembly NP Building NP , , where WRB space NN vehicles NNS were VBD assembled VVN and CC checked VVN out RP before IN being VBG moved VVN to TO the DT launch NN pad NN . SENT The DT firm NN , , fixed JJ price NN contract NN had VHD a DT performance NN period NN of IN 200 CD days NNS , , with IN work NN to TO be VB performed VVN at IN the DT Center NP and CC in IN Jacksonville NP . SENT 10 CD August NP 1970 CD A DT critical JJ design NN review NN for IN the DT AM NP was VBD held VVN at IN McDonnell NP Douglas NP . SENT Personnel NNS from IN NASA NP Hq NP , , MSC NP , , KSC NP , , MSFC NP , , and CC McDonnell NP Douglas NP participated VVD . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS The DT review NN was VBD a DT detailed JJ technical JJ examination NN of IN the DT total JJ AM NP , , including VVG the DT environmental JJ control NN systems NNS , , electrical JJ and CC power NN management NN , , data NNS and CC communications NNS , , structural JJ and CC mechanical JJ , , and CC other JJ miscellaneous JJ and CC experiment NN support NN systems NNS . SENT 24 CD August NP 1970 CD A DT week NN long RB critical JJ design NN review NN of IN the DT Skylab NP MDA NP was VBD completed VVN by IN NASA NP and CC its PP$ contractor NN teams NNS at IN Martin NP Marietta's NP Denver NP division NN . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS This DT was VBD the DT final JJ technical JJ review NN before IN approval NN for IN manufacturing VVG flight NN hardware NN . SENT 28 CD August NP 1970 CD Modification NN to TO contract NN with IN McDonnell NP Douglas NP for IN Skylab NP Program NP work NN . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT Launch NN Vehicle NN . SENT Saturn NP IB NP , , Saturn NP V NN . SENT More JJR details NNS MSFC NP issued VVD a DT modification NN to TO an DT existing JJ contract NN with IN McDonnell NP Douglas NP for IN Skylab NP Program NP work NN . SENT The DT modification NN would MD pay VV for IN the DT conversion NN of IN the DT original JJ OWS NN to TO be VB launched VVN by IN a DT Saturn NP IB NP booster NN to TO a DT completely RB outfitted VVN Workshop NN to TO be VB launched VVN by IN a DT Saturn NP V NN . SENT Originally RB the DT plan NN was VBD to TO launch VV the DT second JJ stage NN S NP IVB NP of IN a DT Saturn NP IB NP into IN Earth NP orbit NN . SENT The DT S NP IVB NP would MD be VB filled VVN with IN fuel NN so IN that WDT it PP could MD propel VV itself PP into IN orbit NN . SENT Astronauts NNS launched VVN by IN a DT second JJ Saturn NP IB NP would MD then RB rendezvous NN with IN the DT empty JJ stage NN and CC convert VV it PP into IN living VVG and CC working VVG quarters NNS . SENT A DT decision NN was VBD made VVN 21 CD May NP 1969 CD to TO outfit VV an DT S NP IVB NP on IN the DT ground NN and CC launch VV it PP ready JJ for IN use NN on IN a DT Saturn NP V NN . SENT 28 CD August NP 1970 CD A DT group NN of IN MSFC NP engineers NNS successfully RB completed VVD a DT week NN long JJ testing NN of IN Skylab NP Program NP hardware NN in IN simulated JJ weightlessness NN aboard IN a DT USAF NP KC NP 135 CD four CD engine NN jet NN research NN aircraft NN . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS Tests NNS included VVD operation NN of IN flight NN configuration NN doors NNS for IN film NN cassette NN compartments NNS , , retrieval NN and CC replacement NN of IN film NN cassettes NNS , , and CC evaluation NN of IN handrails NNS and CC food NN restraints NNS . SENT The DT KC NP 135 CD was VBD flown VVN in IN parabolas NNS , , with IN 30 CD seconds NNS of IN weightlessness NN achieved VVN on IN each DT parabola NN in IN a DT technique NN that IN closely RB duplicated VVN zero CD g NN . SENT 31 CD August NP 1970 CD NASA NP published VVD a DT new JJ Skylab NP launch NN readiness NN and CC delivery NN schedule NN which WDT called VVD for IN a DT Skylab NP 1 CD launch NN on IN 1 CD November NP 1972 CD . SENT More JJR details NNS The DT change NN was VBD initiated VVN as IN a DT result NN of IN the DT implementation NN of IN an DT interim JJ operating NN plan NN which WDT deleted VVD two CD Apollo NP missions NNS and CC called VVN for IN completion NN of IN all DT Apollo NP missions NNS by IN June NP 1972 CD . SENT 04 CD September NP 1970 CD A DT study NN , , which WDT was VBD initiated VVN in IN April NP concerning VVG a DT second JJ Skylab NP Program NP , , had VHD generated VVN sufficient JJ data NNS for IN planning VVG purposes NNS . SENT More JJR details NNS The DT study NN indicated VVD that IN a DT second JJ set NN of IN Skylab NP missions NNS would MD provide VV a DT useful JJ and CC worthwhile JJ continuation NN of IN manned JJ space NN flight NN in IN the DT mid JJ 1970 CD s PP , , even RB if IN the DT hardware NN were VBD unchanged JJ . SENT It PP would MD also RB offer VV an DT economically RB feasible JJ program NN option NN if IN future JJ funding NN for IN the DT Space NP Shuttle NN Program NN fell VVD behind IN the DT anticipated JJ growth NN rate NN . SENT 04 CD September NP 1970 CD Crews NP from IN other JJ countries NNS could MD visit VV Skylab NP in IN orbit NN . SENT More JJR details NNS An DT inquiry NN as RB to TO the DT feasibility NN of IN having VHG a DT crew NN from IN another DT country NN visit VV the DT Skylab NP in IN orbit NN showed VVD that IN , , while IN there EX was VBD nothing NN to TO indicate VV such PDT a DT mission NN could MD not RB be VB accomplished VVN , , a DT considerable JJ amount NN of IN joint JJ planning NN and CC design NN would MD be VB required VVN . SENT 14 CD September NP 1970 CD Skylab NP Orbital JJ Workshop NN critical JJ design NN review NN . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS An DT Orbital NN Workshop NN critical JJ design NN review NN was VBD conducted VVN at IN McDonnell NP Douglas NP , , Huntington NP Beach NP . SENT Personnel NNS from IN NASA NP Hq NP , , MSC NP , , KSC NP , , MSFC NP , , and CC McDonnell NP Douglas NP participated VVD . SENT The DT review NN was VBD conducted VVN by IN panels NNS representing VVG six CD different JJ technological JJ disciplines NNS . SENT Areas NNS of IN potential JJ major JJ impact NN included VVD the DT urine NN system NN , , microbiological JJ contamination NN , , the DT water NN storage NN system NN , , and CC the DT OWS JJ window NN vibration NN test NN . SENT 15 CD September NP 1970 CD Singer NP General NP selected VVD for IN a DT Skylab NP simulator NN . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS Singer NP General NP Precision NN , , Inc NP . SENT , , Link VVP Division NP , , Houston NP , , was VBD selected VVN for IN the DT award NN of IN a DT contract NN to TO design VV , , develop VV , , install VV , , and CC support VV a DT Skylab NP simulator NN to TO provide VV astronaut NN and CC ground NN crew NN training NN at IN MSC NP . SENT The DT simulator NN would MD serve VV as IN a DT ground NN based VVN trainer NN with IN controls NNS and CC displays NNS similar JJ to TO those DT used VVN during IN manned JJ operations NNS . SENT It PP would MD also RB be VB operated VVN in IN conjunction NN with IN the DT command NN module NN simulator NN and CC the DT Mission NP Control NP Center NP to TO provide VV complete JJ mission NN training NN . SENT 16 CD November NP 1970 CD An DT EVA NP critical JJ design NN review NN was VBD held VVN at IN the DT Skylab NP mockup NN area NN and CC the DT neutral JJ buoyancy NN simulator NN , , MSFC NP . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS The DT week NN long JJ EVA NP review NN included VVD astronaut NN performance NN under IN normal JJ Earth NN gravity NN in IN the DT Saturn NP Workshop NN mockup NN and CC simulated JJ weightlessness NN in IN the DT neutral JJ buoyancy NN simulator NN . SENT Ten CD astronauts NNS from IN MSC NP took VVD part NN in IN the DT review NN activities NNS . SENT 18 CD November NP 1970 CD The DT Skylab NP MDA NP flight NN unit NN was VBD flown VVN from IN MSFC NP to TO Martin NP Marietta's NP Denver NP division NN . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS The DT Skylab NP MDA NP flight NN unit NN was VBD flown VVN from IN MSFC NP to TO Martin NP Marietta's NP Denver NP division NN where WRB it PP was VBD to TO be VB outfitted VVN with IN controls NNS and CC display NN panels NNS for IN solar JJ astronomy NN and CC Earth NN resources NNS experiments NNS , , storage NN vaults NNS for IN experiment NN film NN , , and CC a DT thruster NN attitude NN control NN system NN . SENT 23 CD November NP 1970 CD Saturn NP V NN launch NN vehicle NN SA NP 515 CD was VBD designated VVN as IN the DT backup JJ launch NN vehicle NN for IN Skylab NP 1 CD . SENT Management NN responsibilities NNS for IN the DT vehicle NN would MD be VB similar JJ to TO those DT for IN the DT primary JJ launch NN vehicle NN , , SA NP 513 CD . SENT Launch NN Vehicle NN . SENT Saturn NP V NN . SENT More JJR details NNS 04 CD December NP 1970 CD A DT ground NN test NN version NN of IN the DT Saturn NP Workshop NN was VBD shipped VVN from IN the DT McDonnell NP Douglas NP facility NN at IN Huntington NP Beach NP , , to TO the DT Michoud NP , , Louisiana NP , , Assembly NP Facility NP . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS It PP would MD undergo VV testing VVG there RB until IN 30 CD December NP and CC then RB would MD be VB shipped VVN to TO MSC NP for IN extensive JJ ground NN tests NNS . SENT This DT Workshop NN was VBD a DT version NN of IN one CD that WDT would MD be VB used VVN in IN the DT Skylab NP Program NN to TO accommodate VV teams NNS of IN three CD astronauts NNS for IN stays NNS of IN up RB to TO 56 CD days NNS in IN Earth NN orbit NN . SENT NASA NP planned VVD to TO launch VV the DT Skylab NP cluster NN with IN a DT Saturn NP V NN vehicle NN in IN 1972 CD . SENT Called VVN a DT dynamic JJ test NN article NN , , the DT Workshop NN model NN would MD be VB tested VVN at IN MSC NP to TO verify VV its PP$ bending VVG and CC vibration NN characteristics NNS . SENT The DT Workshop NN was VBD scheduled VVN to TO arrive VV at IN Michoud NP 17 CD December NP and CC at IN MSC NP 5 CD January NP . SENT 23 CD December NP 1970 CD Assessment NP of IN crew NN rescue NN capability NN for IN Skylab NP . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Apollo NP Rescue NN CSM NN . SENT More JJR details NNS An DT assessment NN of IN the DT feasibility NN of IN providing VVG a DT crew NN rescue NN capability NN for IN Skylab NP was VBD conducted VVN by IN KSC NP , , MSC NP , , and CC MSFC NP during IN 1970 CD . SENT The DT study NN culminated VVN in IN a DT NASA NP Hq NP decision NN to TO provide VV a DT limited JJ rescue NN capability NN should MD return VV capability NN fail VVP while IN the DT CSM NN were VBD docked VVN to TO the DT OWS NN . SENT The DT rescue NN vehicle NN for IN the DT first JJ two CD manned VVD Skylab NP missions NNS would MD be VB the DT next JJ CSM NN in IN flow NN at IN KSC NP . SENT Should MD a DT rescue NN call NN occur VVP , , the DT CSM NN next JJ in IN flow NN would MD be VB modified VVN so RB as IN to TO permit VV a DT five CD man NN carrying VVG capacity NN . SENT It PP would MD be VB launched VVN with IN a DT two CD man NN crew NN and CC return NN with IN the DT additional JJ three CD astronauts NNS . SENT 03 CD January NP 1971 CD Skylab NP Orbital JJ Workshop NN dynamic JJ test NN article NN delivered VVN . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS The DT Orbital NN Workshop NN dynamic JJ test NN article NN arrived VVD at IN the DT Clear NP Lake NP Creek NP Basin NP adjacent JJ to TO MSC NP aboard IN the DT barge NN Orion NP . SENT It PP was VBD offloaded VVN on IN 7 CD January NP and CC moved VVD to TO the DT MSC NP acoustic JJ test NN facility NN where WRB it PP was VBD set VVN up RP for IN vibroacoustic JJ testing NN scheduled VVN to TO start VV on IN 20 CD January NP . SENT The DT acoustic JJ test NN facility NN had VHD been VBN checked VVN out RP previously RB , , and CC the DT acoustic JJ environments NNS generated VVN met VVD simulated JJ conditions NNS surrounding VVG the DT Skylab NP during IN Skylab NP I NP liftoff NN and CC Skylab NP 1 CD maximum NN gravity NN . SENT 09 CD February NP 1971 CD Skylab NP Orbital JJ Workshop NN management NN review NN . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS An DT Orbital JJ Workshop NN management NN review NN was VBD conducted VVN at IN McDonnell NP Douglas NP . SENT Representatives NNS from IN McDonnell NP Douglas NP , , NASA NP Hq NP , , KSC NP , , MSFC NP , , and CC MSC NP attended VVD . SENT Significant JJ agenda NN items NNS included VVD the DT program NN schedule NN , , engineering NN changes NNS , , design NN status NN , , component NN tests NNS , , and CC procurement NN status NN . SENT The DT OWS JJ flight NN module NN was VBD about RB three CD months NNS behind IN schedule NN . SENT The DT component NN development NN and CC qualification NN testing NN was VBD also RB behind IN schedule NN . SENT McDonnell NP Douglas NP reorganized VVN the DT procurement NN activity NN and CC was VBD making VVG a DT significant JJ effort NN to TO improve VV this DT area NN since IN it PP directly RB impacted VVN the DT schedule NN slip NN . SENT 10 CD February NP 1971 CD KSC NP awarded VVD a DT contract NN to TO the DT Holloway NP Corporation NP of IN Titusville NP , , Florida NP , , to TO construct VV a DT launcher NN pedestal NN for IN the DT Skylab NP Program NN . SENT Launch NN Vehicle NN . SENT Saturn NP IB NP , , Saturn NP V NN . SENT More JJR details NNS The DT 38 CD . SENT 7 CD m NN tall JJ pedestal NN adapted VVN to TO an DT existing JJ launcher NN umbilical NN tower NN so IN that WDT manned VVD Saturn NP IB NP space NN vehicles NNS could MD be VB launched VVN from IN facilities NNS supporting VVG the DT larger JJR Saturn NP V NN rockets NNS . SENT Holloway NP contracted VVD to TO construct VV the DT launcher NN pedestal NN in IN 180 CD days NNS after IN receiving VVG notice NN to TO proceed VV . SENT 12 CD February NP 1971 CD Acoustic JJ testing NN of IN the DT OWS JJ dynamic JJ test NN article NN was VBD completed VVN at IN MSC NP . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS During IN the DT final JJ testing NN , , the DT dynamic JJ test NN article NN was VBD exposed VVN to TO the DT full JJ intensity NN of IN the DT aerodynamic JJ acoustic JJ environment NN to TO qualify VV the DT Workshop NN structural JJ design NN . SENT No DT major JJ problems NNS were VBD encountered VVN . SENT However RB , , vibration NN levels NNS in IN some DT areas NNS exceeded VVD the DT established VVN criteria NNS . SENT The DT new JJ vibration NN levels NNS were VBD given VVN to TO McDonnell NP Douglas NP , , and CC adjustments NNS in IN the DT qualification NN test NN criteria NNS were VBD made VVN as IN appropriate JJ . SENT 23 CD February NP 1971 CD MSFC NP granted VVD International NP Business NP Machine NP Corporation NP IBM NP a DT contract NN modification NN for IN the DT manufacture NN of IN instrument NN units NNS IU NP for IN Saturn NP launch NN vehicles NNS . SENT Launch NN Vehicle NN . SENT Saturn NP IB NP , , Saturn NP V NN . SENT More JJR details NNS The DT modification NN would MD extend VV IBM's NP delivery NN schedule NN for IN IUs NP through IN 31 CD December NP 1973 CD , , to TO be VB compatible JJ with IN the DT extended JJ Apollo NP and CC Skylab NP Program NP launch NN schedules NNS . SENT IBM NP was VBD under IN NASA NP contract NN to TO build VV 27 CD IUs NP for IN Saturn NP vehicles NNS . SENT 12 CD Saturn NP IBs NP and CC 15 CD Saturn NP Vs NP . SENT Ten CD of IN the DT Saturn NP IB NP units NNS and CC 12 CD Saturn NP V NN units NNS had VHD been VBN completed VVN . SENT All DT work NN was VBD being VBG done VVN at IN the DT company's JJ facilities NNS in IN Huntsville NP . SENT The DT original JJ IU NP contract NN had VHD been VBN granted VVN to TO IBM NP in IN March NP 1965 CD for IN the DT fabrication NN , , assembly NN , , checkout NN , , and CC delivery NN of IN the DT 27 CD units NNS and CC related JJ support NN functions NNS . SENT 04 CD March NP 1971 CD Dale NP D NP . SENT Myers NP , , NASA NP Associate NP Administrator NP for IN Manned VVD Space NP Flight NP , , testified VVD before IN the DT House NP Committee NP 011 CD Science NN and CC astronautics NN during IN hearings NNS on IN NASA's NP FY NN 1972 CD authorization NN bill NN . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS During IN the DT past JJ Near NP , , design NN and CC essentially RB all DT phases NNS of IN development NN testing NN had VHD been VBN completed VVN for IN Skylab NP , , and CC flight NN hardware NN was VBD in IN fabrication NN . SENT Definition NN of IN Space NP Shuttle NN was VBD nearing VVG completion NN . SENT To TO develop VV a DT limited JJ capability NN to TO rescue VV Skylab NP astronauts NNS from IN space NN , , NASA NP had VHD initiated VVN design NN action NN on IN a DT modification NN kit NN to TO give VV Skylab NP the DT capacity NN to TO carry VV two CD men NNS up RB to TO orbit NN and CC five CD men NNS back RB to TO Earth NP . SENT Stranded VVN astronauts NNS could MD use VV the DT SkyIab NP cluster NN as IN shelter NN while IN the DT modification NN kit NN was VBD installed VVN and CC the DT Apollo NP Saturn NP IB NP launch NN vehicle NN assigned VVN to TO next RB revisit VV was VBD made VVN ready JJ for IN launch NN . SENT 04 CD March NP 1971 CD A DT plan NN was VBD devised VVN to TO provide VV a DT rescue NN capability NN for IN SkyIab NP in IN the DT event NN the DT crew NN became VVD stranded VVN in IN the DT OWS NN because IN of IN failed JJ CSM NN . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Apollo NP Rescue NN CSM NN . SENT More JJR details NNS The DT rescue NN capability NN was VBD based VVN on IN the DT assumption NN that IN the DT stranded VVN crew NN would MD be VB able JJ to TO wait VV in IN the DT Skylab NP cluster NN with IN its PP$ ample JJ supply NN of IN food NN , , water NN , , and CC breathing VVG gases NNS until IN a DT modified VVN CSM NN capable JJ of IN carrying VVG five CD crewmen NNS could MD he PP launched VVD . SENT If IN a DT failure NN occurred VVD which WDT stranded VVD the DT crewmen NNS in IN their PP$ CSM NN , , this DT rescue NN capability NN would MD not RB be VB possible JJ . SENT 05 CD March NP 1971 CD With IN the DT issuance NN of IN the DT Launch NN Complex JJ 34 CD 37 CD Phaseout NN Plan NN , , Skylab NP Program NP management NN responsibility NN for IN these DT two CD launch NN complexes NNS was VBD terminated VVN . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT Launch NN Vehicle NN . SENT Saturn NP IB NP . SENT More JJR details NNS Although IN use NN of IN Launch NN Complex JJ 37 CD for IN Space NP Shuttle NN engine NN testing NN had VHD been VBN considered VVN , , other JJ options NNS were VBD chosen VVN , , and CC the DT complexes NNS were VBD to TO be VB removed VVN from IN NASA NP operational JJ facilities NNS inventory NN . SENT 10 CD March NP 1971 CD MSFC NP modified VVN a DT contract NN with IN Chrysler NP Corporation NP to TO authorize VV additional JJ work NN in IN the DT Saturn NP IB NP program NN . SENT Launch NN Vehicle NN . SENT Saturn NP IB NP . SENT More JJR details NNS Chrysler NP was VBD the DT prime JJ contractor NN for IN the DT first JJ stage NN of IN the DT Saturn NP IB NP , , which WDT was VBD assembled VVN at IN the DT Michoud NP Assembly NP Facility NP in IN New NP Orleans NP . SENT Under IN the DT current JJ modification NN , , the DT company NN would MD maintain VV nine CD Saturn NP IB NP boosters NNS in IN storage NN . SENT Three CD of IN the DT nine CD vehicles NNS were VBD for IN the DT Skylab NP Program NN and CC would MD be VB launched VVN in IN 1973 CD . SENT Those DT three CD , , plus CC a DT fourth JJ that WDT would MD serve VV as IN a DT backup NN , , would MD be VB maintained VVN and CC modified VVN as IN necessary JJ under IN terms NNS of IN this DT contract NN . SENT Prelaunch NN checkout NN of IN the DT Skylab NP vehicles NNS would MD also RB be VB accomplished VVN under IN this DT modification NN . SENT The DT period NN of IN performance NN was VBD from IN 1 CD January NP 1971 CD to TO 15 CD August NP 1973 CD . SENT Six CD of IN the DT vehicles NNS were VBD located VVN at IN the DT Michoud NP Facility NP . SENT the DT other JJ three CD were VBD at IN MSFC NP in IN Huntsville NP . SENT 11 CD March NP 1971 CD Orbital NN Workshop NN test NN readiness NN review NN . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS Orbital JJ Workshop NN vibration NN test NN objectives NNS , , test NN article NN status NN , , test NN facility NN preparation NN status NN , , and CC test NN schedules NNS were VBD reviewed VVN by IN MSFC NP and CC MSC NP during IN a DT test NN readiness NN review NN prior RB to TO a DT Skylab NP OWS NN vibration NN test NN at IN MSC NP . SENT The DT review NN board NN concluded VVD , , upon IN resolution NN of IN one CD test NN constraint NN , , that IN the DT initial JJ run NN could MD proceed VV on IN schedule NN on IN 19 CD March NP . SENT 17 CD March NP 1971 CD MSC NP completed VVD a DT study NN for IN the DT use NN of IN uncommitted JJ flight NN hardware NN from IN the DT Apollo NP and CC Skylab NP programs NNS . SENT More JJR details NNS The DT study NN was VBD limited VVN to TO low JJ Earth NP orbit NN manned VVD missions NNS to TO be VB down RB prior JJ to TO the DT start NN of IN Space NP Shuttle NN operations NNS in IN the DT late JJ 1970 CD s PP . SENT Based VVN on IN various JJ considerations NNS , , the DT study NN recommended VVD three CD missions NNS . SENT two CD Earth NP resources NNS surveys NNS and CC the DT Apollo NP Soyuz NP mission NN . SENT A DT further JJR study NN would MD be VB made VVN to TO determine VV a DT specific JJ mission NN for IN the DT fourth JJ available JJ spacecraft NN . SENT 30 CD March NP 1971 CD Three CD separate JJ three CD man NN Skylab NP flight NN crews NNS would MD be VB selected VVN during IN the DT coming JJ year NN . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS Dale NP D NP . SENT Myers NP , , NASA NP Associate NP Administrator NP for IN Manned VVD Space NP Flight NP , , testifying VVG before IN the DT Senate NP Committee NP on IN Aeronautical NP and CC Space NP Sciences NPS , , said VVD that IN in IN the DT Skylab NP Program NP three CD separate JJ three CD man NN Skylab NP . SENT flight NN crews NNS would MD be VB selected VVN during IN the DT coming JJ year NN . SENT Scientist NN astronauts NNS would MD he PP included VVD and CC would MD perform VV about IN 50 CD experiments NNS in IN various JJ disciplines NNS . SENT Twenty CD of IN these DT would MD be VB in IN the DT life NN sciences NNS , , to TO determine VV how WRB human JJ beings NNS adjust VVP and CC perform VVP under IN conditions NNS of IN prolonged JJ space NN flight NN , , up RB to TO two CD months NNS duration NN . SENT The DT scientist NN astronauts NNS would MD also RB operate VV the DT Skylab NP Earth NP resources NNS experiment NN package NN in IN the DT second JJ space NN flight NN phase NN of IN NASA's NP Earth NP resources NNS program NN . SENT These DT observations NNS would MD be VB in IN conjunction NN with IN and CC complementary JJ to TO those DT of IN the DT automated JJ Earth NP Resources NPS Test NP Satellite NP ERTS NP to TO be VB launched VVN in IN 1972 CD . SENT 13 CD April NP 1971 CD NASA NP published VVD a DT Skylab NP Launch NN Readiness NN and CC Delivery NN Schedule NN which WDT moved VVD the DT scheduled JJ Skylab NP launch NN date NN from IN 1 CD November NP 1972 CD to TO 30 CD April NP 1973 CD . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS 15 CD April NP 1971 CD Proposed VVN Skylab NP rescue NN mission NN profile NN requirements NNS were VBD . SENT The DT trajectory NN planning NN for IN a DT rescue NN mission NN would MD be VB the DT same JJ as IN the DT nominal JJ Skylab NP mission NN . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Apollo NP Rescue NN CSM NN . SENT More JJR details NNS Nominal JJ mission NN duration NN from IN launch NN to TO recovery NN would MD be VB limited VVN to TO five CD days NNS . SENT The DT orbital JJ assembly NN would MD maneuver VV to TO provide VV acquisition NN light JJ support NN for IN the DT rescue NN CSM NN . SENT The DT rescue NN CSM NN would MD be VB capable JJ of IN rendezvous NN without IN very RB high JJ frequency NN ranging VVG . SENT Landing NN and CC recovery NN would MD be VB planned VVN for IN the DT primary JJ landing NN area NN . SENT transfer NN of IN the DT crew NN from IN the DT MDA NP to TO the DT CSM NN would MD be VB in IN shirt NN sleeves NNS with IN no DT extravehicular JJ activity NN . SENT The DT KSC NP rescue NN launch NN response NN time NN would MD vary VV from IN 10 CD to TO 45 CD 1 CD 2 CD days NNS , , depending VVG on IN the DT transpired VVN time NN into IN the DT normal JJ checkout NN flow NN . SENT 29 CD April NP 1971 CD A NP Skylab NP rescue NN kit NN preliminary JJ requirements NNS review NN was VBD held VVN at IN MSC NP Spacecraft NN . SENT Apollo NP Rescue NN CSM NN . SENT More JJR details NNS It PP was VBD determined VVN that IN the DT rescue NN kit NN could MD be VB installed VVN in IN one CD shift NN , , that WDT suits NNS would MD be VB worn VVN for IN reentry NN , , and CC that IN the DT center NN couch NN would MD be VB ballasted VVN for IN launch NN . SENT Studies NNS were VBD being VBG conducted VVN to TO determine VV the DT feasibility NN of IN jettisoning VVG disabled JJ CSM NN from IN the DT axial JJ port NN . SENT 01 CD May NP 1971 CD After IN a DT simulated JJ 144 CD day NN Skylab NP mission NN , , the DT reaction NN control NN system NN engines NNS were VBD fired VVN at IN the DT White NP Sands NP Test NP Facility NP , , to TO deplete VV the DT propellant NN supply NN module NN in IN a DT backup JJ deorbit NN propulsive JJ mode NN . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS The DT firing NN was VBD made VVN without IN problems NNS . SENT Depletion NN of IN both DT oxidizer NN and CC fuel NN occurred VVD at IN about IN the DT same JJ time NN . SENT 09 CD May NP 1971 CD A DT full JJ scale NN flight NN hardware NN meteoroid NN shield NN deployment NN test NN was VBD performed VVN on IN the DT Workshop NN flight NN article NN . SENT More JJR details NNS The DT shield NN did VVD not RB deploy VV fully RB and CC took VVD longer RB than IN nominal JJ for IN the DT deployment NN . SENT However RB , , it PP was VBD concluded VVN that IN the DT deployment NN would MD have VH been VBN successful JJ if IN performed VVN in IN orbit NN . SENT All DT components NNS of IN the DT shield NN had VHD previously RB passed VVN development NN tests NNS . SENT 08 CD June NP 1971 CD A NP Skylab NP weight NN teleconference NN was VBD held VVN with IN representatives NNS from IN NASA NP Hq NP , , KSC NP , , MSFC NP , , and CC MSC NP participating VVG . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS During IN the DT conference NN , , a DT weight NN control NN limit NN of IN 86 CD 000 CD kg NN was VBD imposed VVN . SENT 16 CD July NP 1971 CD NASA NP approved VVD the DT award NN to TO The DT Boeing NP Company NN of IN a DT contract NN modification NN for IN systems NNS engineering NN and CC integration NN work NN on IN the DT Saturn NP V NN launch NN vehicle NN . SENT Launch NN Vehicle NN . SENT Saturn NP V NN . SENT More JJR details NNS The DT modification NN would MD extend VV Boeing's NP integration NN work NN through IN 31 CD December NP 1972 CD . SENT The DT basic JJ contract NN began VVD in IN September NP 1964 CD . SENT Included VVN in IN the DT modification NN was VBD work NN on IN requirements NNS for IN Saturn NP V NN vehicles NNS that WDT would MD launch VV the DT remaining JJ Apollo NP lunar JJ exploration NN missions NNS Apollo NP 15 CD , , 16 CD , , and CC 17 CD and CC the DT Skylab NP Program's NP Saturn NP Workshop NN . SENT Boeing's NP systems NNS engineering NN and CC integration NN work NN at IN the DT time NN of IN this DT modification NN award NN included VVD requirements NNS and CC documentation NN for IN presettings NNS for IN onboard JJ computers NNS that IN determined VVN launch NN events NNS , , propellant NN loadings NNS for IN all DT three CD vehicle NN stages NNS , , vehicle NN structural JJ integrity NN , , expected VVN heating NN environments NNS , , range NN safety NN , , tracking NN and CC communication NN data NNS , , and CC postflight NN reconstruction NN of IN launch NN data NNS . SENT Boeing NP was VBD also RB MSFC's JJ contractor NN for IN manufacture NN and CC testing NN of IN the DT first JJ S NP IC NP stage NN of IN the DT Saturn NP V NN . SENT 16 CD July NP 1971 CD The DT official JJ Skylab NP launch NN and CC mission NN designations NNS were VBD announced VVN . SENT Acceptable JJ for IN use NN outside IN NASA NP and CC for IN nonoperational JJ NASA NP use NN Acceptable JJ for IN operational JJ use NN . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS The DT official JJ Skylab NP launch NN and CC mission NN designations NNS were VBD announced VVN . SENT Workshop NN launch NN . SENT SL NP 1 CD . SENT First NP manned VVD visit NN . SENT SL NP 2 CD . SENT Second NP manned VVD visit NN . SENT SL NP 3 CD . SENT Third NP manned VVD visit NN . SENT SL NP 4 CD . SENT 27 CD August NP 1971 CD Missions NNS still RB under IN consideration NN for IN the DT immediate JJ post NN Skylab NP period NN included VVD the DT following NN . SENT An DT independent JJ CSM NN mission NN for IN Earth NN observations NNS . SENT More JJR details NNS An DT independent JJ CSM NN mission NN for IN rendezvous NN and CC docking VVG with IN the DT U NP . SENT S NP . SENT S NP . SENT R SYM . SENT Salyut NN spacecraft NN . SENT A DT combination NN of IN the DT above JJ . SENT Use NN of IN the DT Skylab NP backup NN CSM NN to TO conduct VV a DT cooperative NN docking VVG with IN the DT Salyut NP vehicle NN and CC thereafter RB carry VV out RP a DT fourth JJ visit NN to TO Skylab NP . SENT This DT mission NN would MD occur VV approximately RB 18 CD months NNS after IN the DT launch NN of IN Skylab NP . SENT A DT second JJ Skylab NP supported VVD by IN two CD 90 CD day NN CSMs NNS and CC a DT rescue NN vehicle NN . SENT 30 CD August NP 1971 CD Study NN on IN Skylab NP payload NN shroud NN jettison NN . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS A DT study NN was VBD conducted VVN at IN MSFC NP on IN the DT effects NNS of IN various JJ pitch NN attitudes NNS at IN the DT time NN of IN the DT Skylab NP payload NN shroud NN jettison NN on IN the DT possibility NN that IN the DT shroud NN would MD collide VV with IN the DT Skylab NP at IN a DT later JJR date NN . SENT Based VVN on IN the DT study NN , , a DT 10 CD degree NN attitude NN error NN constraint NN on IN a DT 90 CD degree NN pitch NN nose NN down IN shroud NN separation NN attitude NN was VBD recommended VVN to TO preclude VV such PDT a DT collision NN . SENT 13 CD September NP 1971 CD Skylab NP crewmen NNS would MD wear VV soft JJ suits NNS on IN reentry NN for IN both DT regular JJ and CC rescue NN missions NNS in IN order NN to TO provide VV stowage NN space NN for IN maximum JJ data NNS return NN . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS All DT available JJ stowage NN space NN in IN the DT command NN module NN would MD be VB needed VVN for IN film NN , , experiment NN samples NNS and CC specimens NNS , , flight NN data NN files NNS , , life NN support NN equipment NN , , and CC supplies NNS . SENT 24 CD September NP 1971 CD The DT Skylab NP payload NN shroud NN nose NN cone NN was VBD accepted VVN by IN MSFC NP from IN McDonnell NP Douglas NP Astronautics NN Company NN . SENT More JJR details NNS The DT shroud NN , , 18 CD . SENT 2 CD m NN long JJ and CC 6 CD . SENT 7 CD m NN in IN diameter NN , , weighed VVD almost RB 12 CD 000 CD kg NN and CC was VBD the DT first JJ major JJ piece NN of IN Skylab NP hardware NN to TO be VB delivered VVN to TO NASA NP . SENT 06 CD October NP 1971 CD Training NP mockups NNS of IN several JJ components NNS of IN Skylab NP delivered VVD . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS Training NP mockups NNS of IN several JJ components NNS of IN the DT Skylab NP spacecraft NN arrived VVD at IN MSC NP . SENT The DT Orbital JJ Workshop NN and CC the DT Apollo NP telescope NN mount VVP arrived VVN aboard IN the DT NASA NP barge NN Orion NP . SENT The DT shipment NN also RB included VVD the DT multiple JJ docking VVG adapter NN exterior NN shell NN and CC a DT portion NN of IN the DT airlock NN module NN mockup NN . SENT The DT AM NP one CD g NN trainer NN had VHD arrived VVN previously RB at IN MSC NP on IN a DT contingent NN of IN six CD trucks NNS . SENT The DT trainers NNS and CC hardware NN were VBD scheduled VVN for IN use NN by IN MSC NP in IN training VVG prospective JJ Skylab NP crewmen NNS for IN missions NNS . SENT 02 CD November NP 1971 CD A NP Skylab NP rescue NN vehicle NN preliminary JJ design NN review NN was VBD held VVN at IN North NP American NP Rockwell NP . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Apollo NP Rescue NN CSM NN . SENT More JJR details NNS The DT anticipated JJ reentry NN mode NN for IN the DT rescue NN vehicle NN would MD be VB with IN the DT crewmen NNS suited VVN , , thus RB providing VVG additional JJ return NN stowage NN volume NN for IN program NN critical JJ items NNS . SENT North NP American NP would MD define VV the DT return NN volume NN and CC loading VVG available JJ , , while IN MSC NP would MD identify VV the DT returnable JJ program NN critical JJ items NNS . SENT The DT rescue NN command NN and CC service NN modules NNS would MD be VB designed VVN for IN both DT suited VVN and CC unsuited VVN reentry NN and CC for IN axial JJ and CC radial JJ docking VVG . SENT The DT rescue NN kit NN would MD include VV provisions NNS for IN the DT return NN of IN five CD men NNS . SENT 26 CD November NP 1971 CD MSFC NP awarded VVD Chrysler's NP Space NP Division NP a DT contract NN modification NN for IN additional JJ work NN on IN Saturn NP IB NP launch NN vehicle NN booster NN stages NNS . SENT Launch NN Vehicle NN . SENT Saturn NP IB NP . SENT More JJR details NNS The DT contract NN extension NN would MD run VV through IN 31 CD January NP 1974 CD . SENT The DT additional JJ work NN was VBD to TO refurbish VV four CD S NP IB NP booster NN stages NNS that WDT would MD be VB used VVN in IN the DT Skylab NP Program NN in IN 1973 CD . SENT The DT fourth JJ vehicle NN SA NP 209 CD would MD be VB assigned VVN as IN a DT backup NN . SENT All DT four CD stages NNS had VHD been VBN in IN storage NN for IN several JJ years NNS . SENT The DT major JJ portion NN of IN the DT work NN would MD be VB removing VVG the DT stages NNS from IN storage NN , , preparing VVG them PP for IN delivery NN to TO KSC NP , , and CC providing VVG launch NN support NN to TO them PP throughout IN the DT Skylab NP launch NN readiness NN period NN , , which WDT would MD end VV in IN early RB 1974 CD . SENT Most JJS of IN the DT work NN would MD be VB done VVN at IN the DT Michoud NP Assembly NP Facility NP in IN New NP Orleans NP , , but CC some DT work NN would MD be VB done VVN at IN MSFC NP . SENT 08 CD December NP 1971 CD Apollo NP experience NN was VBD utilized VVN in IN the DT design NN and CC development NN of IN the DT Skylab NP water NN system NN . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS Apollo NP experience NN was VBD utilized VVN in IN the DT design NN and CC development NN of IN the DT Skylab NP water NN system NN which WDT consisted VVD of IN Ten CD 272 CD kg NN storage NN tanks NNS A DT chiller NN and CC three CD water NN dispensers NNS for IN drinking VVG water NN A DT heater NN and CC two CD water NN dispensers NNS for IN food NN reconstitution NN A DT heater NN and CC water NN dispenser NN for IN personal JJ hygiene NN A DT portable JJ water NN container NN and CC fixed JJ and CC flexible JJ plumbing NN with IN disconnect VV fittings NNS 15 CD December NP 1971 CD The DT prototype NN of IN the DT Skylab NP ATM NN was VBD returned VVN to TO MSFC NP from IN MSC NP aboard IN the DT Super NP Guppy NP aircraft NN . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP , , Apollo NP ATM NN . SENT More JJR details NNS At IN MSFC NP , , the DT ATM NN was VBD placed VVN in IN a DT clean JJ room NN in IN the DT Quality JJ and CC Reliability NN Assurance NP Laboratory NP for IN a DT system NN checkout NN . SENT It PP would MD next RB undergo VV vibration NN testing NN in IN the DT Astronautics NN Laboratory NN and CC then RB would MD be VB refurbished VVN to TO serve VV as IN a DT backup NN for IN the DT flight NN model NN . SENT While IN at IN MSC NP , , the DT ATM NN prototype NN , , which WDT was VBD assembled VVN at IN MSFC NP , , had VHD been VBN subjected VVN to TO space NN conditions NNS in IN a DT large JJ chamber NN used VVN for IN testing VVG the DT Apollo NP spacecraft NN . SENT 17 CD December NP 1971 CD MSFC NP accepted VVD the DT flight NN multiple NN docking VVG adapter NN from IN Martin NP Marietta NP , , Denver NP . SENT It PP was VBD then RB flown VVN by IN Super NP Guppy NP to TO McDonnell NP Douglas NP in IN St NP . SENT More JJR details NNS Louis NP , , where WRB it PP would MD be VB mated VVN to TO the DT airlock NN module NN . SENT 11 CD January NP 1972 CD SL NP 1 CD should MD be VB flown VVN at IN an DT altitude NN of IN 435 CD km NN More JJR details NNS MSC NN proposed VVN that IN SL NP 1 CD should MD be VB flown VVN at IN an DT altitude NN of IN 435 CD km NN and CC that IN the DT orbit NN should MD be VB controlled VVN by IN removing VVG any DT insertion NN dispersions NNS and CC drag NN effects NNS with IN burns NNS of IN the DT SL NP 2 CD CSM NN reaction NN control NN system NN after IN that DT spacecraft NN had VHD rendezvoused VVN and CC docked VVN with IN SL NP 1 CD . SENT A DT controlled JJ , , repeating JJ orbit NN would MD satisfy VV requirements NNS common JJ to TO many JJ Earth NP resources NNS experiment NN proposals NNS . SENT In IN addition NN , , multiple JJ passes NNS over IN fixed JJ targets NNS would MD increase VV the DT probability NN of IN successfully RB obtaining VVG data NNS which WDT otherwise RB might MD be VB lost VVN because IN of IN cloud NN cover NN or CC equipment NN malfunctions NNS . SENT It PP was VBD estimated VVN , , after IN a DT study NN lasting VVG several JJ months NNS , , that DT implementation NN of IN a DT controlled VVN orbit NN would MD enhance VV the DT probability NN of IN success NN of IN such JJ experiments NNS by IN between IN 25 CD and CC 50 CD percent NN . SENT The DT study NN had VHD also RB shown VVN that IN the DT proposal NN was VBD feasible JJ with IN regard NN to TO hardware NN , , operations NNS , , and CC the DT crew NN . SENT 13 CD January NP 1972 CD Leland NP F NN . SENT Belew NP reported VVD that IN the DT airlock NN module NN flight NN article NN systems NNS tests NNS were VBD nearly RB completed VVN . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Apollo NP ATM NN . SENT More JJR details NNS The DT AM NP had VHD been VBN moved VVN from IN the DT test NN area NN on IN 10 CD January NP to TO begin VV the DT mating NN operation NN with IN the DT ATM NN deployment NN assembly NN and CC the DT fixed JJ airlock NN shroud NN . SENT The DT multiple JJ docking VVG adapter NN had VHD completed VVN shell JJ leakage NN tests NNS and CC was VBD undergoing VVG radiator NN leakage NN tests NNS . SENT Special JJ illumination NN tests NNS and CC TV NN camera NN video NN recorder NN tests NNS began VVD 10 CD January NP at IN McDonnell NP Douglas NP . SENT Personnel NNS from IN MSC NP , , MSFC NP , , and CC NASA NP Hq NP were VBD observing VVG the DT testing NN . SENT 19 CD January NP 1972 CD A NP Skylab NP crew NN news NN conference NN . SENT preparations NNS on IN schedule NN for IN April NP 1973 CD launch NN . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS A DT Skylab NP crew NN news NN conference NN , , with IN prime JJ and CC backup JJ crewmen NNS , , was VBD held VVN at IN MSC NP . SENT Astronaut NN Charles NP Conrad NP , , Jr NP . SENT , , said VVD preparations NNS were VBD on IN schedule NN for IN an DT April NP 1973 CD launch NN . SENT Contractor NN checkouts NNS and CC tests NNS of IN hardware NN were VBD expected VVN to TO be VB completed VVN for IN delivery NN to TO KSC NP in IN July NP . SENT Skylab NP would MD carry VV some DT 20 CD 000 CD pieces NNS of IN stowed VVD equipment NN on IN board NN to TO provide VV life NN support NN for IN nine CD men NNS for IN 140 CD days NNS . SENT So RB it PP all RB goes VVZ up RP at IN one CD time NN , , and CC we've NN got VVD a DT great JJ deal NN of IN work NN to TO do VV , , not RB only RB to TO learn VV how WRB to TO operate VV this DT vehicle NN but CC also RB all PDT the DT experiments NNS in IN it PP . SENT It PP became VVD apparent JJ that IN we PP could MD not RB be VB 100 CD percent NN cross NN trained VVN as IN we PP had VHD been VBN in IN Apollo NP , , so IN we've NN . SENT . SENT . SENT defined VVN some DT areas NNS for IN each DT guy NN to TO become VV expert NN in IN . SENT That DT allowed VVD us PP to TO balance VV out RP the DT training NN hours NNS . SENT 03 CD February NP 1972 CD The DT Apollo NP telescope NN mount VVP flight NN unit NN was VBD being VBG readied VVD for IN a DT three CD month NN , , post NN manufacturing NN checkout NN at IN MSFC NP . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Apollo NP ATM NN . SENT More JJR details NNS The DT ATM NN would MD be VB moved VVN in IN May NP from IN the DT Quality JJ and CC Reliability NN Assurance NP Laboratory NP to TO the DT Astronautics NN Laboratory NN for IN vibration NN tests NNS and CC would MD be VB delivered VVN to TO MSC NP I NP June NP for IN thermal JJ and CC vacuum NN tests NNS . SENT The DT ATM NN would MD be VB launched VVN on IN the DT first JJ Skylab NP mission NN in IN 1973 CD . SENT 15 CD February NP 1972 CD Results NNS from IN the DT May NP 1971 CD OWS NN 1 CD meteoroid NN shield NN deployment NN test NN . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS Evaluation NN of IN events NNS and CC redesign VV resulting VVG from IN the DT May NP 1971 CD OWS NN 1 CD meteoroid NN shield NN deployment NN test NN indicated VVD that IN a DT successful JJ mechanical JJ separation NN and CC deployment NN must MD be VB demonstrated VVN prior RB to TO shipment NN of IN the DT flight NN article NN to TO KSC NP . SENT 18 CD February NP 1972 CD Vibration NN testing NN began VVD on IN the DT Apollo NP telescope NN mount VVP prototype NN at IN MSFC NP . SENT After IN vibration NN testing NN , , the DT prototype NN would MD be VB disassembled VVN and CC refurbished VVN . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP , , Apollo NP ATM NN . SENT More JJR details NNS It PP would MD then RB become VV the DT backup JJ ATM NN flight NN unit NN . SENT 05 CD March NP 1972 CD The DT AM NP MDA NP flight NN units NNS were VBD hardmated VVN at IN McDonnell NP Douglas NP , , St NP . SENT Louis NP . SENT The DT units NNS would MD remain VV mated VVN through IN checkout NN , , delivery NN to TO KSC NP , , launch NN , , and CC mission NN . SENT More JJR details NNS 07 CD March NP 1972 CD Skylab NP rescue NN mission NN a DT definite JJ NASA NP commitment NN . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Apollo NP Rescue NN CSM NN . SENT More JJR details NNS The DT Skylab NP rescue NN mission NN was VBD a DT definite JJ NASA NP commitment NN . SENT The DT hardware NN , , procedures NNS , , documentation NN , , and CC training NN would MD need VV to TO be VB available JJ immediately RB after IN the DT launch NN of IN Skylab NP 2 CD for IN a DT potential JJ rescue NN mission NN . SENT To TO accomplish VV this DT requirement NN , , the DT rescue NN mission NN would MD be VB treated VVN as IN a DT separate JJ mission NN in IN the DT Skylab NP Program NN . SENT The DT rescue NN mission NN would MD be VB established VVN as IN a DT standing JJ agenda NN item NN for IN major JJ boards NNS and CC panels NNS , , and CC its PP$ status NN would MD be VB reviewed VVN on IN a DT regular JJ basis NN with IN other JJ missions NNS . SENT 14 CD April NP 1972 CD Skylab NP Orbital JJ Workshop NN meteoroid NN shield NN test NN at IN finds VVZ misinstalled JJ torsion NN springs VVZ . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS During IN an DT Orbital JJ Workshop NN meteoroid NN shield NN test NN at IN MSFC NP , , it PP was VBD discovered VVN that IN in IN one PP hinge VV section NN of IN the DT foldout NN panel NN , , nine CD of IN the DT 15 CD torsion NN springs NNS were VBD installed VVN in IN such PDT a DT manner NN that IN they PP were VBD only RB 50 CD percent NN effective JJ in IN action NN to TO assist VV shield NN deployment NN . SENT Action NN was VBD initiated VVN to TO ensure VV proper JJ spring NN action NN . SENT 21 CD April NP 1972 CD Studies NNS on IN planned JJ one CD and CC two CD week NN slips VVZ between IN the DT launches NNS of IN SL NP 1 CD and CC SL NP 2 CD . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS MSFC NP , , KSC NP , , and CC MSC NP performed VVD studies NNS which WDT identified VVD the DT cost NN and CC reliability NN tradeoffs NNS on IN planned JJ one CD and CC two CD week NN slips VVZ between IN the DT launches NNS of IN SL NP 1 CD and CC SL NP 2 CD . SENT An DT analysis NN of IN the DT studies NNS identified VVD significant JJ cost NN and CC reliability NN penalties NNS that WDT would MD be VB incurred VVN if IN the DT SL NP 2 CD mission NN were VBD slipped VVN , , reconfirmed VVD the DT desirability NN of IN getting VVG the DT CSM NN docked VVD to TO the DT Orbital JJ Workshop NN as IN soon RB as RB possible JJ after IN launch NN of IN SL NP 1 CD , , and CC recommended VVD against IN extending VVG the DT launch NN interval NN between IN SL NP 1 CD and CC SL NP 2 CD . SENT Launch NN plans NNS called VVN for IN a DT 1 CD day NN interval NN between IN the DT two CD launches NNS . SENT 30 CD April NP 1972 CD A DT compact NN shower VV assembly NN for IN use NN on IN Skylab NP Earth NP orbital NN missions NNS was VBD designed VVN and CC built VVN at IN MSFC NP . SENT The DT shower NN remained VVD stored VVN on IN the DT floor NN when WRB not RB in IN use NN . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS Astronauts NNS would MD step VV inside IN a DT ring NN on IN the DT floor NN and CC raise VV a DT fireproof JJ beta JJ cloth NN curtain NN on IN a DT hoop NN and CC attach VV it PP to TO the DT ceiling NN . SENT A DT flexible JJ hose NN with IN push NN button NN shower VV nozzle NN could MD spray VV 2 CD . SENT 8 CD liters NNS of IN water NN from IN the DT personal JJ hygiene NN tank NN during IN each DT bath NN . SENT Used VVN water NN would MD be VB vacuumed VVN from IN the DT shower NN enclosure NN into IN a DT disposable JJ bag NN and CC deposited VVD in IN the DT waste NN tank NN . SENT 26 CD May NP 1972 CD An DT Orbital JJ Workshop NN crew NN compartment NN fit NN and CC function NN test NN was VBD conducted VVN with IN representatives NNS from IN MSC NP , , MSFC NP , , and CC McDonnell NP Douglas NP participating VVG . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS Ninety CD percent NN of IN the DT crew NN compartment NN fit NN and CC function NN hardware NN items NNS were VBD satisfactorily RB reviewed VVN . SENT Problems NNS identified VVN by IN the DT crew NN included VVD numerous JJ mechanical JJ problems NNS in IN the DT urine NN collection NN system NN , , tools NNS breaking NN , , snaps VVZ debonding NN , , and CC velcro NN debonding NN . SENT 31 CD May NP 1972 CD NASA NP announced VVD completion NN of IN major JJ preflight NN verification NN test NN of IN Skylab NP Workshop NN at IN the DT McDonnell NP Douglas NP Huntington NP Beach NP plant NN . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS Two CD teams NNS of IN six CD astronauts NNS performed VVD checkout NN activities NNS in IN two CD , , six CD hour NN shifts NNS daily JJ for IN three CD days NNS , , activating VVG the DT Workshop NN to TO demonstrate VV that IN it PP could MD support VV all DT activities NNS planned VVN for IN missions NNS . SENT The DT test NN was VBD one CD of IN the DT last JJ two CD major JJ tests NNS for IN the DT Workshop NN , , which WDT was VBD 14 CD . SENT 6 CD m NN long JJ , , 6 CD . SENT 7 CD m NN in IN diameter NN , , and CC scheduled VVN for IN launch NN in IN early JJ 1973 CD . SENT A DT flight NN demonstration NN would MD be VB conducted VVN before IN the DT spacecraft NN was VBD shipped VVN to TO KSC NP during IN the DT summer NN . SENT 01 CD June NP 1972 CD Rising VVG costs NNS for IN the DT ATM NN experiments NNS were VBD attributed VVN to TO a DT number NN of IN factors NNS . SENT Principal NN among IN these DT was VBD the DT delay NN in IN launch NN time NN of IN over IN four CD and CC one CD half NN years NNS . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP , , Apollo NP ATM NN . SENT More JJR details NNS The DT ATM NN development NN began VVD in IN 1965 CD and CC was VBD scheduled VVN for IN launch NN in IN 1968 CD . SENT The DT long JJ delay NN in IN launch NN time NN meant VVN that IN the DT Principal NN Investigators NNS , , their PP$ in IN house NN staffs NNS , , and CC their PP$ contractors NNS had VHD to TO be VB supported VVN for IN the DT additional JJ four CD years NNS . SENT Other JJ factors NNS which WDT contributed VVD to TO the DT cost NN increase NN were VBD new JJ state NN of IN the DT art NN developments NNS for IN which WDT NASA NP or CC the DT Principal NN Investigators NNS had VHD no DT previous JJ experience NN . SENT 17 CD July NP 1972 CD Skylab NP Orbital JJ Workshop NN all DT systems NNS test NN begun VVN . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS An DT Orbital JJ Workshop NN all DT systems NNS test NN began VVD on IN 17 CD July NP 1972 CD and CC was VBD completed VVN on IN 7 CD August NP 1972 CD at IN McDonnell NP Douglas NP Huntington NP Beach NP Vehicle NN Checkout NN Laboratory NP . SENT Following VVG the DT test NN , , which WDT lasted VVD 309 CD hours NNS , , a DT meeting NN was VBD held VVN to TO verify VV that IN the DT OWS NN all DT systems NNS test NN had VHD been VBN successfully RB completed VVN . SENT At IN the DT conclusion NN of IN the DT meeting NN , , it PP was VBD agreed VVN that IN pending VVG closeout NN of IN the DT test NN anomalies NNS , , all DT test NN requirements NNS had VHD been VBN satisfied VVN . SENT 18 CD July NP 1972 CD The DT first JJ command NN and CC service NN modules NNS designed VVN for IN the DT Skylab NP Program NN were VBD delivered VVN by IN North NP American NP Rockwell NP . SENT More JJR details NNS The DT CSM NN arrived VVD at IN KSC NP via IN the DT Super NP Guppy NP aircraft NN . SENT Upon IN arrival NN , , the DT CSM NN , , which WDT would MD be VB launched VVN on IN SL NP 2 CD , , was VBD installed VVN in IN the DT Operations NPS and CC Checkout NN Building NN to TO begin VV its PP$ checkout NN procedure NN . SENT 18 CD August NP 1972 CD The DT Saturn NP IB NP first JJ stage NN for IN the DT Skylab NP 2 CD launch NN arrived VVN at IN KSC NP aboard IN the DT NASA NP barge NN Orion NP and CC was VBD immediately RB offloaded VVN for IN processing NN in IN the DT Vehicle NN Assembly NP Building NP VAB NP . SENT More JJR details NNS Following VVG preliminary JJ checkout NN in IN the DT VAB NP transfer NN aisle NN , , the DT S NP IB NP 206 CD first JJ stage NN would MD be VB erected VVN atop IN the DT 39 CD m NN tall JJ pedestal NN on IN Mobile NP Launcher NN 1 CD on IN 31 CD August NP . SENT 25 CD August NP 1972 CD Twenty CD four CD Skylab NP suits NNS were VBD delivered VVN . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT A DT 7 CD L NP . SENT More JJR details NNS Twenty CD four CD Skylab NP suits NNS were VBD delivered VVN by IN the DT space NN suit NN manufacturer NN , , International NP Latex NN Corporation NP . SENT five CD were VBD ready JJ for IN delivery NN , , nine CD were VBD in IN the DT manufacturing NN process NN , , and CC material NN for IN the DT remaining JJ three NN had VHD been VBN procured VVN . SENT 01 CD September NP 1972 CD Tests NNS with IN the DT rescue NN mission NN configured VVN Skylab NP command NN module NN . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Apollo NP Rescue NN CSM NN . SENT More JJR details NNS An DT MSC NP team NN was VBD conducting VVG tests NNS with IN the DT rescue NN mission NN configured VVN Skylab NP command NN module NN at IN KSC NP . SENT Purpose NN of IN the DT test NN was VBD to TO evaluate VV the DT equipment NN , , techniques NNS , , and CC procedures NNS involved VVN in IN the DT egress NN required VVN by IN a DT five CD man NN command NN module NN loading NN . SENT Navy NP and CC Air NP Force NP helicopters NNS were VBD participating VVG in IN the DT test NN . SENT 06 CD September NP 1972 CD Skylab NP 1 CD Orbital NN Workshop NN completed VVD . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS A DT special JJ ceremony NN at IN McDonnell NP Douglas NP , , Huntington NP Beach NP , , marked VVD completion NN of IN the DT OWS NN , , the DT main JJ section NN of IN the DT Skylab NP space NN station NN . SENT The DT OWS NN , , with IN a DT volume NN equivalent NN to TO that DT of IN a DT five CD room NN house NN , , was VBD being VBG readied VVD for IN shipment NN to TO Cape NP Kennedy NP aboard IN the DT USNS NP Point NP Barrow NP . SENT The DT trip NN would MD take VV 13 CD days NNS . SENT 22 CD September NP 1972 CD The DT Skylab NP Apollo NP telescope NN mount VVP arrived VVN at IN the DT KSC NP skid NN strip NN aboard IN a DT Guppy NP aircraft NN . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Apollo NP ATM NN . SENT More JJR details NNS The DT ATM NN , , which WDT had VHD been VBN at IN MSC NP since IN mid JJ July NP , , was VBD immediately RB moved VVN to TO the DT Operations NPS and CC Checkout NN Building NN in IN KSC's NP industrial JJ area NN and CC placed VVN in IN the DT cleanroom NN for IN intensive JJ checkout NN . SENT The DT ATM NN was VBD scheduled VVN to TO be VB moved VVN in IN January NP 1973 CD to TO the DT Vehicle NN Assembly NP Building NP for IN mating VVG with IN the DT OWS NN atop IN the DT two CD stage NN Saturn NP V NN launch NN vehicle NN . SENT The DT Skylab NP orbital JJ assembly NN consisting VVG of IN the DT OWS NN , , the DT ATM NN , , and CC the DT AM NP MDA NP was VBD scheduled VVN to TO be VB launched VVN from IN Pad NN A DT of IN Launch NN Complex JJ 39 CD in IN late JJ April NP 1973 CD . SENT 23 CD September NP 1972 CD Skylab NP 1 CD Orbital NN Workshop NN delivered VVN . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS The DT Skylab NP 1 CD Orbital NN Workshop NN was VBD offloaded VVN from IN a DT NASA NP barge NN and CC moved VVD into IN the DT transfer NN aisle NN of IN the DT Vehicle NN Assembly NP Building NP VAB NP at IN KSC NP . SENT The DT OWS NN had VHD arrived VVN the DT preceding JJ day NN 22 CD September NP aboard IN the DT Point NP Barrow NP at IN Port NP Canaveral NP , , where WRB it PP was VBD transferred VVN to TO a DT smaller JJR barge NN for IN the DT journey NN through IN the DT locks NNS , , up IN the DT Banana NP River NP , , and CC through IN the DT access NN canal NN to TO the DT barge NN unloading VVG area NN at IN the DT VAB NP . SENT Following VVG preliminary JJ checkout NN , , the DT OWS NN , , with IN its PP$ 361 CD . SENT 4 CD cu NN m NN of IN living VVG and CC working VVG area NN , , was VBD scheduled VVN to TO be VB mated VVN to TO the DT twostage NN Saturn NP V NN launch NN vehicle NN on IN 28 CD September NP . SENT 28 CD September NP 1972 CD CSM NN 119 CD would MD be VB utilized VVN in IN a DT dual JJ role NN . SENT as IN a DT spacecraft NN rescue NN vehicle NN for IN the DT Skylab NP Program NN and CC later RBR for IN the DT Apollo NP Soyuz NP Test NP Project NP . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Apollo NP Rescue NN CSM NN . SENT More JJR details NNS However RB , , CSM NP 111 CD would MD continue VV to TO be VB the DT primary JJ Apollo NP Soyuz NP Test NP Project NP spacecraft NN . SENT 03 CD October NP 1972 CD The DT first JJ major JJ test NN of IN the DT OWS NN the DT meteoroid NN shield NN deployment NN was VBD started VVN 3 CD October NP at IN KSC NP . SENT More JJR details NNS Problems NP were VBD encountered VVN with IN improperly RB torqued JJ deployment NN torsion NN bars NNS and CC latch NN failure NN in IN the DT open JJ position NN . SENT One CD torsion NN bar NN was VBD replaced VVN and CC the DT others NNS retorqued VVD . SENT The DT meteoroid NN shield NN was VBD successfully RB deployed VVN on IN 22 CD October NP when WRB three CD out IN of IN four CD latches VVZ worked VVN , , and CC it PP was VBD judged VVN acceptable JJ for IN flight NN . SENT By IN 29 CD October NP all DT work NN had VHD been VBN completed VVN , , and CC the DT meteoroid NN shield NN was VBD placed VVN in IN flight NN configuration NN . SENT 24 CD November NP 1972 CD The DT Skylab NP debris NN situation NN was VBD reviewed VVN with IN emphasis NN on IN the DT S NP IVB NP stages NNS of IN Skylab NP 2 CD , , 3 CD , , and CC 4 CD . SENT More JJR details NNS It PP was VBD decided VVN that IN the DT S NP IVB NP for IN these DT missions NNS would MD be VB deorbited VVN into IN the DT Pacific NP Ocean NP on IN an DT early JJ revolution NN . SENT The DT deorbit NN would MD be VB achieved VVN by IN controlled VVN venting VVG of IN the DT S NP IVB NP , , dumping VVG propellants NNS through IN the DT main JJ engine NN to TO provide VV sufficient JJ retrovelocity NN for IN reentry NN . SENT The DT capability NN to TO perform VV the DT deorbit NN would MD be VB evaluated VVN and CC determined VVN during IN flight NN . SENT however RB , , execution NN of IN the DT maneuver NN would MD be VB controlled VVN from IN the DT ground NN . SENT The DT deorbit NN technique NN was VBD the DT same JJ used VVN on IN early JJ Earth NP orbit NN Apollo NP missions NNS . SENT 30 CD November NP 1972 CD In IN a DT number NN of IN instances NNS in IN the DT Skylab NP Program NP , , cost NN savings NNS were VBD obtained VVN by IN accepting VVG greater JJR payload NN weights NNS . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS Examples NNS cited VVD were VBD The DT payload NN shroud NN , , where WRB a DT conservative JJ estimate NN of IN savings NNS at IN the DT expense NN of IN 5900 CD kg NN of IN payload NN was VBD approximately RB 35 CD million CD . SENT The DT gas NN storage NN system NN where WRB a DT 2700 CD kg NN heavier JJR payload NN resulted VVN in IN an DT estimated JJ savings NNS of IN 5 CD million CD . SENT Other JJ structural JJ elements NNS , , in IN addition NN to TO the DT payload NN shroud NN , , accommodated VVN 2200 CD kg NN of IN added JJ payload NN weight NN for IN an DT additional JJ savings NNS of IN 35 CD million CD . SENT 07 CD December NP 1972 CD Objection NN was VBD voiced VVN to TO a DT proposal NN that IN the DT Saturn NP V NN backup NN launch NN capability NN and CC all DT activities NNS associated VVN with IN it PP be VB terminated VVN immediately RB following VVG the DT first JJ manned VVD mission NN of IN Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS Reasons NNS for IN the DT objection NN were VBD NASA NP would MD be VB placed VVN in IN the DT position NN of IN retaining VVG a DT backup JJ capability NN for IN the DT most RBS reliable JJ portions NNS of IN Skylab NP and CC disposing VVG of IN that DT capability NN for IN the DT most RBS immature JJ elements NNS such JJ as IN the DT Workshop NN and CC solar JJ arrays NNS . SENT Cost NN of IN storing VVG these DT elements NNS at IN the DT factory NN during IN the DT missions NNS would MD be VB small JJ since IN flight NN support NN and CC postflight NN analysis NN would MD need VV to TO be VB retained VVN until IN the DT spring NN of IN 1974 CD . SENT Without IN the DT backup JJ capability NN , , the DT possibility NN existed VVD that IN the DT program NN could MD end VV up RP with IN no DT 28 CD day NN medical JJ data NNS , , no DT science NN data NNS , , and CC no DT EREP NP data NNS , , just RB a DT 2 CD . SENT 6 CD billion CD failure NN . SENT 15 CD January NP 1973 CD Skylab NP problems NNS aggravated VVN by IN replacement NN of IN a DT control NN and CC display NN panel NN in IN the DT multiple JJ docking VVG adapter NN . SENT More JJR details NNS At IN a DT NASA NP general JJ management NN review NN , , Dale NP D NP . SENT Myers NP summarized VVD Skylab NP problems NNS which WDT were VBD aggravated VVN by IN a DT requirement NN to TO replace VV a DT control NN and CC display NN panel NN in IN the DT multiple JJ docking VVG adapter NN one NN of IN the DT pacing VVG program NN items NNS . SENT He PP told VVD the DT general JJ management NN review NN group NN that IN confidence NN in IN the DT ability NN to TO maintain VV an DT April NP launch NN date NN was VBD slipping VVG . SENT Following VVG the DT review NN , , a DT decision NN was VBD made VVN to TO delay VV the DT launch NN of IN SL NP 1 CD and CC SL NP 2 CD until IN May NP 1973 CD , , with IN tentative JJ launch NN dates NNS of IN 14 CD and CC 15 CD May NP . SENT An DT evaluation NN of IN launch NN intervals NNS between IN SL NP 2 CD and CC SL NP 3 CD and CC between IN SL NP 3 CD and CC SL NP 4 CD was VBD being VBG made VVN to TO determine VV if IN an DT approximate JJ recovery NN date NN of IN 21 CD December NP 1973 CD could MD be VB maintained VVN . SENT 19 CD January NP 1973 CD KSC NP processing NN of IN SL NP 1 CD and CC SL NP 2 CD was VBD progressing VVG as RB planned VVN . SENT The DT Workshop NN and CC its PP$ associated JJ modules NNS were VBD successfully RB stacked VVN 29 CD 31 CD January NP . SENT More JJR details NNS No DT major JJ problems NNS were VBD encountered VVN in IN the DT SL NP 2 CD processing NN . SENT Propellant NN loading NN and CC unloading VVG , , facilities NNS , , and CC ground NN support NN equipment NN tests NNS were VBD conducted VVN on IN the DT Saturn NP IB NP launch NN vehicle NN at IN Pad NN B NN . SENT Following VVG tests NNS , , the DT vehicle NN was VBD rolled VVN back RB to TO the DT Vehicle NN Assembly NP Building NP . SENT Prime JJ and CC backup JJ crews NNS completed VVN manned VVD altitude NN chamber NN tests NNS of IN the DT SL NP 2 CD command NN and CC service NN modules NNS on IN 19 CD January NP , , following NN which WDT the DT spacecraft NN was VBD moved VVN to TO the DT Vehicle NN Assembly NP Building NP where WRB it PP would MD be VB erected VVN on IN the DT S NP IB NP . SENT 19 CD January NP 1973 CD Plan NN for IN storage NN of IN unassigned JJ Saturn NP hardware NN and CC phaseout NN of IN Saturn NP V NN . SENT Launch NN Vehicle NN . SENT Saturn NP V NN . SENT More JJR details NNS MSFC NP began VVD implementation NN of IN a DT plan NN for IN preparation NN and CC storage NN of IN unassigned JJ Saturn NP hardware NN , , phaseout NN of IN the DT Saturn NP V NN production NN capability NN , , and CC amendment NN of IN the DT facility NN operations NNS contract NN at IN the DT Michoud NP Assembly NP Facility NP for IN minimum JJ surveillance NN of IN stored VVN hardware NN . SENT 24 CD January NP 1973 CD An DT evaluation NN to TO determine VV the DT impact NN of IN changing VVG the DT Skylab NP 1 CD and CC 2 CD launch NN dates NNS indicated VVD that IN the DT greatest JJS impact NN was VBD on IN the DT crew NN training NN activities NNS . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Apollo NP ATM NN . SENT More JJR details NNS The DT evaluation NN indicated VVD that IN the DT star NN charts VVZ aboard IN the DT Orbital JJ Workshop NN were VBD launch NN date NN dependent JJ . SENT Changeout NN packages NNS were VBD being VBG prepared VVN for IN the DT star NN charts NNS which WDT would MD be VB carried VVN in IN the DT command NN module NN . SENT Changeout NN packages NNS were VBD also RB being VBG prepared VVN for IN the DT rendezvous NN book NN , , the DT ATM NN systems NNS checklist NN and CC data NN book NN , , the DT flight NN plan NN , , and CC the DT flight NN plan NN sequence NN for IN the DT activation NN and CC deactivation NN checklist NN . SENT 29 CD January NP 1973 CD Checkout NN of IN the DT AM NP MDA NP and CC ATM NN flight NN units NNS was VBD completed VVN at IN KSC NP , , and CC the DT units NNS were VBD mated VVN to TO the DT launch NN vehicle NN . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Apollo NP ATM NN . SENT More JJR details NNS 27 CD February NP 1973 CD The DT Skylab NP 2 CD spacecraft NN , , mated VVN to TO its PP$ launch NN vehicle NN , , was VBD transferred VVN 27 CD February NP from IN the DT KSC NP Vehicle NN Assembly NP Building NP to TO Launch VV Complex JJ 39 CD B NN in IN preparation NN for IN launch NN . SENT Launch NN Vehicle NN . SENT Saturn NP IB NP . SENT More JJR details NNS The DT SL NP 2 CD space NN vehicle NN consisted VVD of IN the DT following VVG major JJ components NNS . SENT an DT S NP IB NP the DT first JJ stage NN . SENT an DT S NP IVB NP the DT second JJ stage NN , , which WDT comprised VVN the DT propulsion NN stages NNS . SENT an DT IU NP . SENT a DT CSM NN . SENT and CC an DT SLA NN . SENT 19 CD March NP 1973 CD Second NP Skylab NP B NP program NN between IN considered VVN to TO fill VV late RB 1970 CD s PP gap NN between IN the DT Apollo NP Soyuz NP Test NP Project NP and CC the DT Space NP Shuttle NN . SENT More JJR details NNS Consideration NN was VBD being VBG given VVN to TO the DT feasibility NN of IN a DT second JJ set NN of IN Skylab NP missions NNS designated VVN Skylab NP B NP during IN the DT interval NN between IN the DT Apollo NP Soyuz NP Test NP Project NP in IN 1975 CD and CC the DT start NN of IN Space NP Shuttle NN operations NNS late JJ in IN 1979 CD . SENT The DT inherent JJ worth NN of IN a DT Skylab NP B NP was VBD recognized VVN , , but CC officials NNS were VBD reluctant JJ to TO recommend VV it PP , , on IN the DT premise NN that IN it PP would MD be VB unwise JJ to TO allow VV it PP to TO delay VV or CC displace VV the DT development NN of IN the DT Space NP Shuttle NN and CC other JJ programs NNS already RB included VVD in IN the DT FY NN 1974 CD budget NN . SENT 25 CD March NP 1973 CD The DT Skylab NP flight NN hardware NN successfully RB completed VVD the DT first JJ total JJ mission NN operations NNS sequence NN during IN the DT mission NN simulation NN and CC flight NN readiness NN test NN at IN KSC NP . SENT More JJR details NNS The DT test NN included VVD the DT SL NP 2 CD astronaut NN crew NN participation NN in IN the DT simulated JJ launches NNS of IN SL NP 1 CD and CC SL NP 2 CD , , mission NN activation NN and CC operation NN , , deactivation NN , , data NNS dump VVP , , and CC powerdown NN . SENT 28 CD March NP 1973 CD The DT USNS NP Vanguard NP , , a DT part NN of IN NASA's NP Space NP Flight NP Tracking NN and CC Data NP Network NP , , departed VVD Port NP Canaveral NP , , Florida NP , , for IN temporary JJ duty NN at IN Mar NP del NP Plata NP , , Argentina NP . SENT More JJR details NNS The DT ship NN would MD provide VV a DT two CD way NN flow NN of IN information NN and CC communication NN between IN Skylab NP and CC Mission NP Control NP Center NP in IN Houston NP via IN Goddard NP Space NP Flight NP Center NP . SENT Upon IN completion NN of IN the DT Skylab NP Program NN , , it PP would MD return VV to TO Port NP Canaveral NP . SENT The DT Vanguard NP was VBD originally RB designed VVN to TO provide VV tracking NN and CC data NN acquisition NN for IN the DT Apollo NP flights NNS . SENT It PP played VVD an DT important JJ role NN in IN the DT Apollo NP Program NN . SENT 03 CD April NP 1973 CD Studies NNS on IN controlled JJ deorbit NN of IN the DT Skylab NP 1 CD Orbital NN Workshop NN . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS Studies NNS were VBD conducted VVN to TO determine VV the DT feasibility NN of IN conducting VVG a DT controlled VVN deorbit NN of IN the DT Orbital JJ Workshop NN . SENT Three CD methods NNS were VBD considered VVN . SENT l NN using VVG the DT CSM NN service NN propulsion NN system NN . SENT 2 CD using VVG the DT CSM NN reaction NN control NN system NN . SENT and CC 3 CD implementing VVG an DT S NP II NP Saturn NP V NN second JJ stage NN deorbit NN . SENT The DT service NN propulsion NN system NN deorbit NN was VBD assessed VVN as IN not RB feasible JJ . SENT the DT reaction NN control NN system NN deorbit NN was VBD considered VVN technically RB feasible JJ but CC , , like IN the DT service NN propulsion NN system NN , , it PP had VHD an DT inherent JJ program NN and CC crew NN safety NN risk NN associated VVN with IN it PP . SENT Implementation NN of IN an DT S NP II NP deorbit NN would MD have VH serious JJ time NN and CC cost NN impacts NNS on IN the DT program NN . SENT A DT 1970 CD study NN , , which WDT indicated VVD that IN the DT probability NN of IN damage NN from IN the DT deorbiting NN Skylab NP was VBD so RB small JJ that IN changes NNS which WDT caused VVD major JJ impact NN in IN cost NN and CC schedule NN were VBD not RB worth JJ pursuing NN , , was VBD confirmed VVN . SENT 16 CD April NP 1973 CD Loading NN of IN the DT Apollo NP spacecraft's NP hypergolic JJ propellants NNS for IN a DT scheduled VVN 15 CD May NP launch NN was VBD completed VVN at IN KSC NP . SENT More JJR details NNS The DT next JJ major JJ milestone NN in IN preparing VVG the DT Saturn NP IB NP Apollo NP for IN launch NN would MD occur VV 23 CD April NP when WRB the DT kerosene NN to TO fuel VV the DT Saturn NP IB NP booster's NNS eight CD engines NNS would MD be VB pumped VVN aboard IN the DT first JJ stage NN . SENT 16 CD April NP 1973 CD The DT Skylab NP 1 CD spacecraft NN on IN its PP$ launch NN vehicle NN was VBD moved VVN to TO Launch VV Complex JJ 39 CD A NP . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP , , Apollo NP ATM NN . SENT More JJR details NNS The DT Skylab NP 1 CD spacecraft NN on IN its PP$ launch NN vehicle NN was VBD moved VVN to TO Launch VV Complex JJ 39 CD , , Pad NN A NP , , on IN 16 CD April NP . SENT The DT SL NP 1 CD space NN vehicle NN consisted VVD of IN two CD launch NN vehicle NN stages NNS , , an DT instrument NN unit NN , , and CC the DT three CD major JJ payload NN modules NNS of IN the DT Saturn NP Workshop NN SWS NN . SENT The DT two CD launch NN vehicle NN stages NNS and CC IU NP S NP IC NP , , S NP II NP , , and CC S NP IU NP were VBD identical JJ to TO the DT first JJ and CC second JJ launch NN vehicle NN stages NNS of IN the DT Apollo NP Saturn NP V NN space NN vehicle NN . SENT The DT SL NP 1 CD payload NN consisted VVN of IN the DT Orbital JJ Workshop NN a DT converted VVN S NP IVB NP stage NN , , airlock NN module NN multiple JJ docking VVG adapter NN , , Apollo NP telescope NN mount VVP , , payload NN shroud NN , , nose NN cone NN , , and CC experiments NNS . SENT 17 CD April NP 1973 CD The DT final JJ NASA NP top JJ management NN review NN and CC approval NN of IN the DT launch NN and CC mission NN readiness NN was VBD completed VVN in IN a DT flight NN readiness NN review NN at IN KSC NP . SENT More JJR details NNS Items NNS covered VVN in IN the DT review NN ranged VVD from IN modules NNS and CC launch NN vehicles NNS readiness NN to TO missions NNS and CC operations NNS support VVP . SENT Following VVG the DT review NN , , NASA NP Skylab NP Program NP Director NP William NP C NP . SENT Schneider NP said VVD , , We PP still RB have VHP a DT few JJ things NNS to TO be VB closed VVN out RP , , but CC we PP have VHP assured VVN ourselves PP that IN the DT systems NNS are VBP all RB working VVG with IN one CD or CC two CD minor JJ open JJ items NNS and CC we're NN still RB ready JJ to TO go VV for IN a DT 14 CD May MD launch VV of IN Skylab NP 1 CD and CC a DT 15 CD May MD launch VV of IN Skylab NP 2 CD . SENT 18 CD April NP 1973 CD KSC NP and CC MSFC NP reduction NN in IN force NN of IN contractor NN personnel NNS . SENT More JJR details NNS KSC NP and CC MSFC NP were VBD directed VVN by IN NASA NP Hq NP to TO implement VV a DT reduction NN in IN force NN of IN contractor NN personnel NNS immediately RB following VVG the DT launches NNS of IN SL NP 1 CD and CC SL NP 2 CD , , but CC to TO maintain VV a DT sufficient JJ complement VV for IN a DT backup JJ launch NN capability NN through IN 30 CD September NP 1973 CD . SENT 09 CD May NP 1973 CD Lightning NP struck VVD the DT Skylab NP 1 CD launch NN umbilical JJ tower NN near IN swing NN arm NN eight CD at IN 1 CD . SENT 00 CD p NN . SENT m NN . SENT Lightning NN retest NN plans NNS were VBD satisfactorily RB completed VVN on IN the DT AM NP , , MDA NP , , and CC ATM NN . SENT More JJR details NNS No DT significant JJ anomalies NNS due JJ to TO the DT lightning NN static JJ were VBD revealed VVN . SENT 14 CD May NP 1973 CD Skylab NP 1 CD Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP , , Apollo NP ATM NN . SENT Mass NP . SENT 74 CD , , 783 CD kg NN . SENT More JJR details NNS First RB and CC only RB US NP space NN station NN to TO date NN . SENT Project NN began VVD life NN as IN Apollo NP Orbital JJ Workshop NN outfitting VVG of IN an DT S NP IVB NP stage NN with IN docking VVG adapter NN with IN equipment NN launched VVN by IN several JJ subsequent JJ S NP 1 CD B NP launches NNS . SENT Curtailment NN of IN the DT Apollo NP moon NN landings NNS meant VVN that IN surplus NN Saturn NP V's NP were VBD available JJ , , so RB the DT pre NP equipped VVD , , five CD times NNS heavier RBR , , and CC much RB more RBR capable JJ Skylab NP resulted VVD . SENT An DT unexpected JJ telemetry NN indication NN of IN meteoroid NN shield NN deployment NN and CC solar JJ array NN wing NN 2 CD beam NN fairing NN separation NN was VBD received VVN 1 CD minute NN and CC 3 CD seconds NNS after IN liftoff NN . SENT However RB , , all DT other JJ systems NNS of IN the DT OWS NN appeared VVD normal JJ , , and CC the DT OWS NN was VBD inserted VVN into IN a DT near JJ circular JJ Earth NN orbit NN of IN approximately RB 435 CD km NN altitude NN . SENT The DT payload NN shroud NN was VBD jettisoned VVN , , and CC the DT ATM NN with IN its PP$ solar JJ array NN was VBD deployed VVN as IN planned VVN during IN the DT first JJ orbit NN . SENT Deployment NN of IN the DT Workshop NN solar JJ array NN and CC the DT meteoroid NN shield NN was VBD not RB successful JJ . SENT In IN fact NN the DT xternal JJ solar JJ meteoroid NN shield NN had VHD ripped VVN off RP 63 CD seconds NNS into IN ascent NN , , tearing VVG away RP one CD solar JJ panel NN wing NN and CC debris NN jamming NN the DT remaining JJ panel NN . SENT Without IN shield NN temperatures NNS soared VVD in IN station NN . SENT Repairs NNS by IN crews NNS led VVN to TO virtually RB all DT mission NN objectives NNS being VBG met VVN . SENT Following VVG the DT final JJ manned VVD phase NN of IN the DT Skylab NP mission NN , , ground NN controllers NNS performed VVD some DT engineering NN tests NNS of IN certain JJ Skylab NP systems NNS tests NNS that IN ground NN personnel NNS were VBD reluctant JJ to TO do VV while IN men NNS were VBD aboard RB . SENT Results NNS from IN these DT tests NNS helped VVD to TO determine VV causes NNS of IN failures NNS during IN the DT mission NN and CC to TO obtain VV data NNS on IN long JJ term NN degradation NN of IN space NN systems NNS . SENT Upon IN completion NN of IN the DT engineering NN tests NNS , , Skylab NP was VBD positioned VVN into IN a DT stable JJ attitude NN and CC systems NNS were VBD shut VVN down RP . SENT It PP was VBD expected VVN that IN Skylab NP would MD remain VV in IN orbit NN eight CD to TO ten CD years NNS . SENT It PP was VBD to TO have VH been VBN visited VVN by IN an DT early JJ shuttle NN mission NN , , reboosted VVN into IN a DT higher JJR orbit NN , , and CC used VVN by IN space NN shuttle NN crews NNS . SENT But CC delays NNS in IN the DT first JJ flight NN of IN the DT shuttle NN made VVD this DT impossible JJ . SENT On IN July NP 11 CD , , 1979 CD , , Skylab NP disintegrated VVD when WRB it PP re NN entered VVD the DT earth's JJ atmosphere NN after IN a DT worldwide JJ scare NN over IN its PP$ pending JJ crash NN . SENT The DT debris NN stretched VVN from IN the DT south RB east JJ Indian NP Ocean NP into IN Western NP Australia NP . SENT 22 CD May NP 1973 CD A NP Skylab NP 1 CD Board NP of IN Investigation NP was VBD established VVN to TO investigate VV the DT anomalies NNS that WDT occurred VVD during IN the DT launch NN and CC Earth NN orbit NN of IN SL NP 1 CD . SENT More JJR details NNS Bruce NP T NN . SENT Lundin NP Lewis NP Research NP Center NP was VBD named VVN chairman NN of IN the DT Board NP . SENT 23 CD May NP 1973 CD NASA NP Administrator NP briefed VVD Senate NP on IN Skylab NP 1 CD . SENT More JJR details NNS NASA NP Administrator NP James NP C NP . SENT Fletcher NP briefed VVD members NNS of IN the DT Senate NP on IN the DT anomalies NNS that WDT occurred VVD during IN liftoff NN and CC orbit NN of IN Skylab NP 1 CD . SENT 23 CD May NP 1973 CD A DT design NN certification NN review NN was VBD held VVN for IN the DT revised VVN Skylab NP 2 CD mission NN . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS The DT review NN board NN determined VVN that IN a DT Skylab NP parasol NN , , with IN a DT strengthened JJ ultraviolet JJ resistant JJ material NN , , deployed VVN through IN the DT scientific JJ airlock NN would MD be VB the DT prime JJ method NN for IN the DT deployment NN of IN a DT thermal JJ shield NN on IN the DT Orbital JJ Workshop NN . SENT A DT twin JJ pole NN thermal JJ shield NN and CC a DT standup JJ extravehicular JJ thermal JJ sail NN would MD be VB flown VVN as IN backup JJ methods NNS . SENT Following VVG final JJ assessment NN of IN mission NN readiness NN with IN favorable JJ recommendations NNS , , a DT certification NN of IN flight NN worthiness NN for IN the DT new JJ hardware NN was VBD executed VVN . SENT 25 CD May NP 1973 CD EVA NP Skylab NP 2 CD 1 CD Spacecraft NN . SENT Apollo NP CSM NP . SENT More JJR details NNS First RB and CC failed VVD attempt NN to TO release VV jammed JJ solar JJ panel NN . SENT 25 CD May NP 1973 CD Skylab NP 2 CD Spacecraft NN . SENT Apollo NP CSM NP . SENT Mass NP . SENT 19 CD , , 979 CD kg NN . SENT More JJR details NNS Epic NN repair NN mission NN which WDT brought VVD Skylab NP into IN working VVG order NN . SENT Included VVN such JJ great JJ moments NNS as IN Conrad NP being VBG flung VVN through IN space NN by IN the DT whiplash NN after IN heaving VVG on IN the DT solar JJ wing NN just RB as IN the DT debris NN constraining VVG it PP gave VVD way NN . SENT deployment NN of IN a DT lightweight JJ solar JJ shield NN , , developed VVN in IN Houston NP in IN one CD week NN , , which WDT brought VVD the DT temperatures NNS down RB to TO tolerable JJ levels NNS . SENT With IN this DT flight NN US PP again RB took VVD manned VVD spaceflight NN duration NN record NN . SENT Skylab NP 2 CD , , consisting VVG of IN a DT modified JJ Apollo NP CSM NN payload NN and CC a DT Saturn NP IB NP launch NN vehicle NN , , was VBD inserted VVN into IN Earth NP orbit NN approximately RB 10 CD minutes NNS after IN liftoff NN . SENT The DT orbit NN achieved VVN was VBD 357 CD by IN 156 CD km NN and CC , , during IN a DT six CD hour NN period NN following VVG insertion NN , , four CD maneuvers NNS placed VVD the DT CSM NN into IN a DT 424 CD by IN 415 CD km NN orbit NN for IN rendezvous NN with IN the DT Orbital JJ Workshop NN . SENT Normal JJ rendezvous NN sequencing VVG led VVN to TO stationkeeping VVG during IN the DT fifth JJ revolution NN followed VVN by IN a DT flyaround JJ inspection NN of IN the DT damage NN to TO the DT OWS NN . SENT The DT crew NN provided VVD a DT verbal JJ description NN of IN the DT damage NN in IN conjunction NN with IN 15 CD minutes NNS of IN television NN coverage NN . SENT The DT solar JJ array NN system NN wing NN beam NN 2 CD was VBD completely RB missing VVG . SENT The DT solar JJ array NN system NN wing NN beam NN 1 CD was VBD slightly RB deployed VVN and CC was VBD restrained VVN by IN a DT fragment NN of IN the DT meteoroid NN shield NN . SENT Large JJ sections NNS of IN the DT meteoroid NN shield NN were VBD missing VVG . SENT Following VVG the DT flyaround JJ inspection NN , , the DT CSM NN soft RB docked VVD with IN the DT OWS NN at IN 5 CD . SENT 56 CD p NN . SENT m NN . SENT EDT NP to TO plan VV the DT next JJ activities NNS . SENT At IN 6 CD . SENT 45 CD p NN . SENT m NN . SENT EDT NP the DT CSM NN undocked VVD and CC extravehicular JJ activity NN was VBD initiated VVN to TO deploy VV the DT beam NN 1 CD solar JJ array NN . SENT The DT attempt NN failed VVD . SENT Frustration NN of IN the DT crew NN was VBD compounded VVN when WRB eight CD attempts NNS were VBD required VVN to TO achieve VV hard RB docking VVG with IN the DT OWS NN . SENT The DT hard JJ dock NN was VBD made VVN at IN 11 CD . SENT 50 CD p NN . SENT m NN . SENT EDT NP , , terminating VVG a DT Skylab NP 2 CD first JJ day NN crew NN work NN period NN of IN 22 CD hours NNS . SENT 26 CD May NP 1973 CD Second NP manned VVD day NN of IN the DT Skylab NP mission NN . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Apollo NP ATM NN . SENT More JJR details NNS The DT second NN manned VVD day NN of IN the DT Skylab NP mission NN was VBD focused VVN on IN entry NN into IN the DT OWS NN and CC deployment NN of IN the DT Skylab NP parasol NN . SENT 27 CD May NP 1973 CD Skylab NP 2 CD crew NN began VVD to TO activate VV experiments NNS . SENT More JJR details NNS Following VVG the DT successful JJ deployment NN of IN the DT parasol NN , , the DT Skylab NP 2 CD crew NN began VVD to TO transfer VV and CC store VV equipment NN and CC activate VV experiments NNS . SENT 27 CD May NP 1973 CD A NP Skylab NP Program NP Director's NP meeting NN was VBD held VVN to TO identify VV further JJR actions NNS required VVN for IN the DT SL NP 2 CD mission NN and CC actions NNS required VVN for IN the DT SL NP 3 CD mission NN . SENT More JJR details NNS The DT following NN agreements NNS were VBD reached VVN . SENT The DT parasol NN installed VVN on IN the DT OWS NN would MD not RB be VB jettisoned VVN until IN a DT replacement NN thermal JJ shield NN was VBD on IN board NN , , if IN a DT twin JJ boom NN thermal JJ shield NN had VHD not RB been VBN deployed VVN during IN the DT SL NP 2 CD mission NN . SENT The DT twin JJ boom NN sunshade NN and CC the DT JSC NP sail NN would MD be VB retained VVN in IN the DT OWS NN at IN the DT end NN of IN the DT SL NP 2 CD mission NN . SENT 31 CD May NP 1973 CD Skylab NP issues NNS reviewed VVD . SENT More JJR details NNS During IN a DT Manned VVD Space NP Flight NP Management NP Council NP telecon NP , , four CD agenda NN items NNS were VBD discussed VVN . SENT an DT early JJ launch NN date NN for IN SL NP 3 CD . SENT plans NNS for IN an DT EVA NP solar JJ array NN system NN repair NN . SENT deorbiting VVG of IN the DT Skylab NP cluster NN . SENT and CC lengthening VVG the DT SL NP 2 CD mission NN . SENT The DT Council NP decided VVD to TO go VV for IN a DT 27 CD July NP launch NN date NN , , with IN the DT possibility NN of IN a DT further JJR acceleration NN on IN a DT crash NN effort NN basis NN to TO 22 CD July NP if IN possible JJ degradation NN of IN hardware NN because IN of IN unexpected JJ thermal JJ stresses NNS required VVD an DT earlier JJR launch NN . SENT Decisions NNS on IN the DT other JJ three CD agenda NN items NNS were VBD deferred VVN pending VVG further JJR study NN . SENT 07 CD June NP 1973 CD EVA NP Skylab NP 2 CD 2 CD Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS Succeeded VVN in IN release NN of IN jammed JJ solar JJ panel NN . SENT 11 CD June NP 1973 CD Skylab NP 3 CD space NN vehicle NN was VBD moved VVN to TO pad NN . SENT Launch NN Vehicle NN . SENT Saturn NP IB NP . SENT More JJR details NNS The DT Skylab NP 3 CD space NN vehicle NN was VBD moved VVN to TO KSC NP Launch VV Complex JJ 39 CD , , Pad NN B NN , , on IN 11 CD June NP in IN preparation NN for IN launch NN . SENT The DT space NN vehicle NN consisted VVD of IN a DT Saturn NP IB NP launch NN vehicle NN S NP IB NP 207 CD first JJ stage NN , , S NP IVB NP 207 CD second JJ stage NN , , and CC a DT S NP IU NP 208 CD instrument NN unit NN . SENT a DT CSM NN . SENT and CC a DT spacecraft NN lunar JJ module NN adapter NN . SENT 15 CD June NP 1973 CD A DT review NN was VBD conducted VVN at IN NASA NP Hq NP to TO determine VV whether IN the DT astronaut NN maneuvering NN unit NN and CC foot NN controller NN maneuvering NN unit NN could MD be VB safely RB used VVN within IN the DT confines NNS of IN the DT OWS NN . SENT More JJR details NNS It PP was VBD concluded VVN that IN the DT units NNS could MD be VB safely RB operated VVN , , and CC approval NN was VBD given VVN for IN scheduling VVG their PP$ use NN . SENT Previously RB , , a DT decision NN to TO operate VV the DT units NNS had VHD been VBN deferred VVN until IN a DT more RBR thorough JJ briefing NN could MD be VB provided VVN . SENT Concern NN over IN their PP$ use NN had VHD been VBN based VVN on IN the DT Aerospace NP Safety NP Advisory NP Panel NN Report NP on IN Skylab NP . SENT Astronauts NNS Edward NP G NP . SENT Gibson NP and CC Russell NP L NP . SENT Schweickart NP are VBP shown VVN in IN the DT MSFC NP Neutral JJ Buoyancy NN Tank NP , , above RB , , simulating VVG use NN of IN various JJ cutting VVG tools NNS to TO be VB used VVN by IN the DT Skylab NP 2 CD crew NN in IN an DT effort NN to TO free VV the DT Workshop's NP solar JJ wing NN . SENT At IN right NN , , the DT Saturn NP IB NP launch NN vehicle NN to TO be VB u NN for IN the DT Skylab NP 3 CD mission NN is VBZ shown VVN as IN it PP was VBD rolled VVN out RP to TO Launch VV Complex JJ 39 CD B NN on IN 11 CD June NP 1973 CD . SENT 19 CD June NP 1973 CD EVA NP Skylab NP 2 CD 3 CD Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS Replacement NN of IN film NN cartridges NNS for IN solar JJ camera NN . SENT 20 CD June NP 1973 CD Jettison NN the DT docking VVG ring NN reaffirmed VVD . SENT More JJR details NNS A DT recommendation NN to TO jettison VV the DT docking VVG ring NN and CC probe NN assembly NN on IN SL NP 2 CD while IN the DT crew NN was VBD unsuited VVN was VBD reaffirmed VVD . SENT Major JJ considerations NNS in IN arriving VVG at IN the DT recommendations NNS were VBD that IN a DT suited VVN landing NN was VBD unacceptable JJ , , the DT additional JJ risk NN of IN performing VVG the DT operation NN unsuited VVN was VBD extremely RB low JJ , , and CC the DT crew NN had VHD trained VVN premission NN and CC in IN flight NN using VVG the DT proposed VVN timeline NN for IN an DT unsuited JJ jettison NN of IN the DT docking VVG ring NN and CC probe NN assembly NN . SENT 22 CD June NP 1973 CD Skylab NP 2 CD splashed VVD down RP . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS At IN 9 CD . SENT 49 CD a DT . SENT m NN . SENT EDT NP , , Skylab NP 2 CD splashed VVD down RP in IN the DT Pacific NP Ocean NP 9 CD . SENT 6 CD km NN from IN the DT recovery NN ship NN , , U NP . SENT S NP . SENT S NP . SENT Ticonderoga NP , , and CC 1320 CD km NN southwest NN of IN San NP Diego NP . SENT At IN 10 CD . SENT 28 CD a DT . SENT m NN . SENT , , the DT crew NN and CC spacecraft NN were VBD aboard IN the DT Ticonderoga NP . SENT The DT objectives NNS of IN the DT SL NP 1 CD SL NP 2 CD mission NN were VBD to TO establish VV the DT Orbital JJ Workshop NN in IN Earth NP orbit NN , , obtain VV medical JJ data NNS on IN the DT crew NN for IN use NN in IN extending VVG the DT duration NN of IN manned JJ space NN flight NN , , and CC perform VV inflight NN experiments NNS . SENT A DT summary NN assessment NN of IN the DT mission NN objectives NNS indicated VVD a DT very RB high JJ degree NN of IN completion NN , , particularly RB when WRB the DT reduction NN in IN experiment NN time NN due JJ to TO parasol NN deployment NN , , solar JJ array NN wing NN deployment NN , , and CC OWS JJ system NN anomalies NNS were VBD considered VVN . SENT 03 CD July NP 1973 CD Launch NN date NN of IN Skylab NP 3 CD set NN . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS The DT launch NN date NN for IN Skylab NP 3 CD was VBD officially RB established VVN as IN 28 CD July NP 1973 CD . SENT The DT launch NN window NN would MD open VV at IN 7 CD . SENT 08 CD a DT . SENT m NN . SENT EDT NP for IN 10 CD minutes NNS and CC would MD provide VV for IN a DT rendezvous NN in IN five CD revolutions NNS . SENT Recovery NN of IN SL NP 3 CD was VBD planned VVN for IN 22 CD September NP 1973 CD . SENT Two CD members NNS of IN the DT Skylab NP 3 CD crew NN , , Jack NP R NP . SENT Lousma NP , , left VVD , , and CC Owen NP K NP . SENT Garriott NP , , center NN , , inspect VVP a DT part NN of IN the DT twin JJ pole NN solar JJ sail NN at IN MSFC NP above IN . SENT At IN right NN , , Lousma NP practices NNS erecting VVG the DT solar JJ sail NN over IN a DT portion NN of IN the DT Orbital JJ Workshop NN mock JJ in IN the DT MSFC NP Neutral JJ Buoyancy NN Tank NP . SENT Nylon NN netting VVG was VBD used VVN for IN this DT underwater JJ training NN instead RB of IN the DT aluminized VVN fabric NN the DT actual JJ sail NN was VBD made VVN of IN . SENT 12 CD July NP 1973 CD Joint NP Skylab NP 3 CD flight NN readiness NN reviews NNS . SENT More JJR details NNS Joint NP Skylab NP 3 CD flight NN readiness NN reviews NNS and CC thermal JJ shield NN design NN certification NN reviews NNS were VBD held VVN at IN KSC NP . SENT A DT comprehensive JJ series NN of IN center NN reviews NNS were VBD completed VVN before RB , , and CC in IN preparation NN for IN , , the DT flight NN readiness NN reviews NNS . SENT 13 CD July NP 1973 CD Decision NN taken VVN to TO terminate VV all DT OWS JJ deorbit NN efforts NNS . SENT More JJR details NNS Premature JJ deployment NN of IN the DT meteoroid NN shield NN during IN the DT Skylab NP 1 CD launch NN interjected VVD additional JJ factors NNS in IN the DT consideration NN of IN the DT OWS JJ deorbit NN . SENT Because IN of IN the DT additional JJ uncertainties NNS and CC complications NNS deriving VVG from IN these DT factors NNS and CC the DT inherent JJ crew NN and CC mission NN risks NNS involved VVN in IN the DT OWS JJ deorbit NN even RB under IN expected VVN conditions NNS , , the DT decision NN was VBD taken VVN to TO terminate VV all DT OWS JJ deorbit NN efforts NNS . SENT 25 CD July NP 1973 CD Planning NP meetings NNS for IN the DT 59 CD day NN Skylab NP 3 CD mission NN . SENT More JJR details NNS Twice RB weekly JJ experiment NN planning NN meetings NNS were VBD being VBG instituted VVN for IN the DT 59 CD day NN Skylab NP 3 CD mission NN . SENT The DT purpose NN of IN the DT meetings NNS was VBD to TO formulate VV a DT balanced JJ set NN of IN experiment NN requirements NNS for IN each DT upcoming JJ week NN based VVN on IN a DT consideration NN of IN plans NNS for IN the DT remainder NN of IN the DT mission NN . SENT 28 CD July NP 1973 CD Skylab NP 3 CD Spacecraft NN . SENT Apollo NP CSM NP . SENT Mass NP . SENT 20 CD , , 121 CD kg NN . SENT More JJR details NNS Continued JJ maintenance NN of IN the DT Skylab NP space NN station NN and CC extensive JJ scientific JJ and CC medical JJ experiments NNS . SENT Installed VVN twinpole NN solar JJ shield NN on IN EVA NP . SENT performed VVN major JJ inflight NN maintenance NN . SENT doubled VVN record NN for IN length NN of IN time NN in IN space NN . SENT Completed VVN 858 CD Earth NN orbits NNS and CC 1 CD , , 081 CD hours NNS of IN solar JJ and CC Earth NN experiments NNS . SENT three CD EVAs NPS totalled VVD 13 CD hours NNS , , 43 CD minutes NNS . SENT The DT space NN vehicle NN , , consisting VVG of IN a DT modified JJ Apollo NP command NN and CC service NN module NN payload NN on IN a DT Saturn NP IB NP launch NN vehicle NN , , was VBD inserted VVN into IN a DT 231 CD . SENT 3 CD by IN 154 CD . SENT 7 CD km NN orbit NN . SENT Rendezvous NN maneuvers NNS were VBD performed VVN during IN the DT first JJ five CD orbits NNS as RB planned VVN . SENT During IN the DT rendezvous NN , , the DT CSM NN reaction NN control NN system NN forward RB firing VVG engine NN oxidizer NN valve NN leaked VVD . SENT The DT quad NN was VBD isolated VVN . SENT Station NN keeping VVG with IN the DT Saturn NP Workshop NN began VVD approximately RB 8 CD hours NNS after IN liftoff NN , , with IN docking VVG being NN performed VVN about IN 30 CD minutes NNS later RBR . SENT 29 CD July NP 1973 CD Skylab NP 3 CD activation NN activities NNS curtailed VVD . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP , , Apollo NP ATM NN . SENT More JJR details NNS The DT Skylab NP 3 CD crewmen NNS experienced JJ motion NN sickness NN during IN the DT first JJ three CD visit NN days NNS . SENT Consequently RB , , the DT Orbital JJ Workshop NN activation NN and CC experiment NN implementation NN activities NNS were VBD curtailed VVN . SENT By IN adjusting VVG the DT crew's JJ diet NN and CC maintaining VVG a DT low JJ workload NN , , the DT crew NN was VBD able JJ to TO complete VV the DT adjustment NN to TO space NN flight NN in IN five CD days NNS , , after IN which WDT flight NN activities NNS returned VVN to TO normal JJ . SENT On IN 25 CD September NP , , the DT command NN module NN was VBD reactivated VVN and CC the DT crew NN performed VVD the DT final JJ OWS NN closeout NN . SENT Following VVG undocking VVG and CC separation NN , , the DT command NN module NN entered VVD the DT atmosphere NN and CC landed VVD in IN the DT Pacific NP Ocean NP approximately RB 300 CD km NN southwest NN of IN San NP Diego NP . SENT Splashdown NN was VBD at IN 6 CD . SENT 20 CD p NN . SENT m NN . SENT EDT NP . SENT The DT recovery NN ship NN , , U NP . SENT S NP . SENT S NP . SENT New NP Orleans NP , , retrieved VVD the DT command NN module NN and CC crew NN 42 CD minutes NNS after IN landing NN . SENT The DT total JJ flight NN time NN was VBD 1427 CD hours NNS 9 CD minutes NNS 4 CD seconds NNS . SENT 30 CD July NP 1973 CD Skylab NP 2 CD mission NN summarized VVD . SENT More JJR details NNS In IN a DT letter NN to TO the DT White NP House NP , , NASA NP Administrator NP James NP C NP . SENT Fletcher NP summarized VVD the DT Skylab NP 2 CD mission NN . SENT . SENT . SENT . SENT . SENT A DT situation NN that WDT was VBD bleak JJ indeed RB on IN May NP 14 CD , , and CC for IN several JJ days NNS thereafter RB , , improved JJ to TO , , a DT point NN well RB beyond IN our PP$ most RBS optimistic JJ forecasts NNS at IN that DT time NN . SENT This DT of IN course NN was VBD due JJ to TO a DT courageous JJ crew NN and CC a DT dedicated JJ team NN of IN government NN and CC industrial JJ contractor NN personnel NNS , , whose WP$ dedication NN and CC ability NN cannot NN be VB over RB emphasized VVN . SENT Not RB only RB was VBD the DT crew NN able JJ to TO accomplish VV the DT great JJ majority NN of IN the DT technical JJ and CC scientific JJ objectives NNS established VVN for IN this DT first JJ Skylab NP mission NN , , but CC they PP were VBD able JJ also RB to TO repair VV the DT Skylab NP space NN station NN and CC leave VV it PP in IN a DT condition NN which WDT will MD allow VV the DT satisfactory JJ completion NN of IN nearly RB all DT that IN we PP desired VVD from IN the DT overall JJ Skylab NP Program NN , , with IN the DT unexpected JJ additional JJ accomplishments NNS of IN demonstrating VVG the DT ability NN to TO respond VV to TO adversity NN and CC demonstrating VVG the DT flexibility NN provided VVN by IN the DT use NN of IN man NN and CC his PP$ faculties NNS in IN a DT hostile JJ environment NN . SENT . SENT . SENT . SENT 30 CD July NP 1973 CD Skylab NP 1 CD Investigation NP Board NP findings NNS . SENT More JJR details NNS Lewis NP Research NP Center NP Director NP Bruce NP T NN . SENT Lundin NP , , who WP served VVD as IN chairman NN of IN the DT Skylab NP 1 CD Investigation NP Board NP , , presented VVD the DT findings NNS of IN the DT board NN and CC the DT recommended JJ corrective JJ actions NNS in IN congressional JJ testimony NN . SENT 01 CD August NP 1973 CD Skylab NP 2 CD postflight NN medical JJ debriefings NNS . SENT More JJR details NNS Skylab NP 2 CD postflight NN medical JJ debriefings NNS indicated VVD the DT desirability NN of IN minimizing VVG crew NN exposure NN to TO recovery NN ship NN motions VVZ for IN both DT crew NN reconditioning VVG and CC postrecovery JJ medical JJ evaluations NNS . SENT In IN order NN to TO provide VV the DT Skylab NP 3 CD crew NN with IN this DT minimum JJ exposure NN , , mission NN duration NN was VBD extended VVN to TO 59 CD days NNS . SENT This DT allowed VVN for IN a DT splashdown RB closer JJR than IN 550 CD km NN of IN San NP Diego NP , , and CC a DT crew NN stay NN time NN aboard IN the DT recovery NN ship NN of IN only RB 17 CD hours NNS . SENT 06 CD August NP 1973 CD EVA NP Skylab NP 3 CD 1 CD Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS Installed NP second JJ sunshade NN . SENT Replaced VVN solar JJ camera NN film NN cartridges NNS . SENT During IN EVA NP by IN crew NN members NNS of IN Skylab NP 3 CD , , a DT twin JJ boom NN sunshade NN , , developed VVN by IN MSFC NP , , was VBD deployed VVN over IN the DT parasol NN of IN the DT OWS NN . SENT A DT redesigned VVN and CC refined VVN thermal JJ parasol NN had VHD been VBN launched VVN with IN Skylab NP 3 CD . SENT However RB , , its PP$ use NN would MD have VH required VVN jettisoning VVG the DT parasol NN deployed VVN by IN crew NN members NNS of IN Skylab NP 2 CD , , with IN the DT possibility NN of IN creating VVG the DT same JJ thermal JJ problems NNS that WDT existed VVD on IN the DT OWS NN prior RB to TO the DT parasol NN deployment NN . SENT Following VVG erection NN of IN the DT twin JJ pole NN sunshade NN , , the DT cabin NN temperature NN stayed VVD at IN a DT comfortable JJ 293 CD 297 CD K NP 67 CD . SENT 7 CD F NN 74 CD . SENT 9 CD F NN . SENT 06 CD August NP 1973 CD Anomalies NNS during IN micrometeoroid JJ shield NN testing NN . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS Anomalies NNS that WDT had VHD occurred VVN during IN micrometeoroid JJ shield NN testing NN were VBD summarized VVD . SENT 07 CD August NP 1973 CD Viewing NN program NN for IN the DT comet NN Kohoutek NP during IN the DT SL NP 4 CD mission NN . SENT More JJR details NNS Representatives NNS from IN NASA NP Hq NP , , MSFC NP , , GSFC NP , , and CC JSC NP attended VVD . SENT Results NNS of IN a DT feasibility NN study NN for IN viewing VVG the DT comet NN were VBD presented VVN to TO the DT NASA NP Administrator NP on IN 15 CD August NP . SENT It PP was VBD agreed VVN that IN observations NNS of IN Kohoutek NP would MD he PP made VVD at IN appropriate JJ times NNS during IN the DT SL NP 4 CD mission NN . SENT 13 CD August NP 1973 CD Skylab NP backup JJ Saturn NP V NN Orbital NN Workshop NN launch NN capability NN cancelled VVD . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS NASA NP decided VVD to TO delete VV the DT Skylab NP backup JJ Saturn NP V NN Orbital NN Workshop NN launch NN capability NN effective JJ 15 CD August NP . SENT All DT work NN associated VVN with IN the DT completion NN , , checkout NN , , and CC support NN of IN Skylab NP backup JJ hardware NN , , experiments NNS , , software NN , , facilities NNS , , and CC ground NN support NN equipment NN would MD be VB canceled VVN immediately RB , , except IN for IN the DT work NN that WDT would MD directly RB support VV SL NP 3 CD , , SL NP 4 CD , , and CC rescue NN missions NNS . SENT 14 CD August NP 1973 CD Skylab NP 4 CD space NN vehicle NN moved VVD to TO Launch VV Complex JJ 39 CD B NN in IN readiness NN for IN rescue NN mission NN . SENT More JJR details NNS The DT space NN vehicle NN consisted VVD of IN a DT Saturn NP IB NP launch NN vehicle NN S NP IB NP 208 CD first JJ stage NN , , S NP IVB NP 208 CD second JJ stage NN , , and CC S NP IU NP 207 CD instrument NN unit NN . SENT a DT CSM NP 118 CD . SENT and CC a DT spacecraft NN lunar JJ module NN adapter NN . SENT 16 CD August NP 1973 CD SL NP 4 CD planning NN issues NNS . SENT More JJR details NNS 24 CD August NP 1973 CD EVA NP Skylab NP 3 CD 2 CD Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS Replaced VVD solar JJ camera NN film NN cartridges NNS . SENT installed VVN replacement NN gyroscopes NNS . SENT 01 CD September NP 1973 CD Skylab NP Rescue NN Spacecraft NN . SENT Apollo NP Rescue NN CSM NN . SENT More JJR details NNS Influenced NP by IN the DT stranded VVN Skylab NP crew NN portrayed VVD in IN the DT book NN and CC movie NN Marooned VVD , , NASA NP provided VVD a DT crew NN rescue NN capability NN for IN the DT only JJ time NN in IN its PP$ history NN . SENT A DT kit NN was VBD developed VVN to TO fit VV out RP an DT Apollo NP command NN module NN with IN a DT total NN of IN five CD crew NN couches NNS . SENT In IN the DT event NN a DT Skylab NP crew NN developed VVD trouble NN with IN its PP$ Apollo NP CSM NN return NN craft NN , , a DT rescue NN CSM NN would MD be VB prepared VVN and CC launched VVN to TO rendezvous NN with IN the DT station NN . SENT It PP would MD dock NN with IN the DT spare JJ second JJ side NN docking VVG port NN of IN the DT Skylab NP docking VVG module NN . SENT During IN Skylab NP 3 CD , , one CD of IN the DT thruster NN quads NNS of IN the DT Apollo NP service NN module NN developed VVD leaks NNS . SENT When WRB the DT same JJ problem NN developed VVN with IN a DT second JJ quad NN , , the DT possibility NN existed VVD that IN the DT spacecraft NN would MD not RB be VB maneuverable JJ . SENT Preparation NN work NN began VVD to TO fit VV out RP a DT rescue NN CSM NN , , and CC astronauts NNS Vance NP Brand NP and CC Don NP Lind NP began VVD preparations NNS to TO rescue VV astronauts NNS Bean NP , , Garriott NP , , and CC Lousma NP aboard IN the DT station NN . SENT However RB the DT problem NN was VBD localized VVN , , work NN arounds NNS were VBD developed VVN , , and CC the DT first JJ space NN rescue NN mission NN was VBD not RB necessary JJ . SENT The DT Skylab NP 3 CD crew NN returned VVD successfully RB in IN their PP$ own JJ Apollo NP CSM NN at IN the DT end NN of IN their PP$ 59 CD day NN mission NN . SENT 06 CD September NP 1973 CD Eye NP protection NN not RB for IN Kohoutek NP operations NNS . SENT More JJR details NNS At IN a DT Kohoutek NP status NN meeting NN , , JSC NP w NN as RB requested VVD to TO determine VV if IN additional JJ ultraviolet JJ eye NN protection NN would MD be VB required VVN by IN the DT Skylab NP 4 CD astronaut NN while IN performing VVG Kohoutek NP operations NNS . SENT A DT study NN indicated VVD that IN no DT additional JJ eye NN protective JJ devices NNS would MD be VB required VVN for IN either DT intra NN or CC extravehicular JJ viewing NN of IN the DT comet NN . SENT The DT use NN of IN the DT existing JJ space NN suit NN sun NN visors NNS would MD be VB required VVN during IN extravehicular JJ viewing NN . SENT 13 CD September NP 1973 CD Apollo NP Soyuz NP Test NP Project NP ASTP NP revisit VV to TO Skylab NP in IN mid JJ 1975 CD feasible JJ . SENT More JJR details NNS Discussions NNS confirmed VVD that IN there EX was VBD reasonable JJ assurance NN that IN an DT Apollo NP Soyuz NP Test NP Project NP ASTP NP revisit VV to TO Skylab NP in IN mid JJ 1975 CD was VBD feasible JJ . SENT However RB , , such PDT a DT dual JJ mission NN would MD create VV a DT significant JJ planning NN problem NN for IN the DT operations NNS team NN and CC would MD introduce VV many JJ new JJ considerations NNS to TO the DT inflight NN planning NN and CC execution NN because IN of IN uncertainties NNS in IN the DT orbital JJ mechanics NNS . SENT 15 CD September NP 1973 CD Television NP programs NNS not RB recommended VVD for IN ASTP NP . SENT More JJR details NNS The DT Director NN of IN the DT Skylab NP Program NN , , in IN offering VVG his PP$ counterpart NN in IN the DT ASTP NP some DT advice NN in IN establishing VVG an DT ASTP NP television NN program NN , , stated VVN . SENT . SENT . SENT I PP ascribe VV at IN least JJS two CD of IN my PP$ many JJ ulcers NNS to TO television NN . SENT It's NP an DT emotional JJ subject NN because IN everyone NN is VBZ an DT expert NN on IN requirements NNS . SENT If IN you PP can MD get VV . SENT a DT . SENT The DT groundrules NNS stated VVD , , b LS . SENT The DT requirements NNS from IN the DT senior JJ man NN who WP feels VVZ responsible JJ , , c LS . SENT Then RB treat VV it PP like IN any DT other JJ requirement NN , , d LS . SENT Put VV a DT discipline NN in IN the DT system NN more RBR rigorous JJ than IN I PP did VVD , , e NN . SENT Take VV the DT requirements NNS people NNS out RB of IN the DT day NN to TO day NN implementation NN , , you PP may MD only RB get VV only RB one CD TV NN ulcer NN . SENT 18 CD September NP 1973 CD Fish NP and CC embryo NN to TO be VB returned VVN to TO JSC NP by IN Skylab NP 3 CD . SENT More JJR details NNS Fish NP and CC embryo NN that WDT were VBD part NN of IN a DT Skylab NP science NN demonstration NN would MD be VB returned VVN to TO JSC NP by IN Skylab NP 3 CD , , provided VVN that IN one CD or CC more JJR of IN the DT fish NN were VBD still RB alive JJ at IN the DT time NN of IN deactivation NN . SENT Upon IN return NN to TO the DT recovery NN ship NN , , the DT fish NN would MD be VB photographed VVN and CC observed VVN to TO determine VV any DT reaction NN to TO the DT one CD g NN environment NN . SENT They PP would MD then RB be VB returned VVN to TO JSC NP for IN comparison NN with IN the DT backup JJ fish NN and CC embryo NN which WDT were VBD being VBG held VVN in IN the DT JSC NP laboratory NN . SENT Later RBR histological JJ observations NNS and CC examinations NNS of IN their PP$ vestibular JJ apparatus NN would MD be VB performed VVN to TO determine VV any DT changes NNS between IN the DT two CD groups NNS . SENT 21 CD September NP 1973 CD The DT final JJ Earth NN resources NNS experiment NN package NN pass NN for IN Skylab NP 3 CD ended VVD . SENT More JJR details NNS In IN all DT , , 39 CD Earth NP oriented JJ passes NNS , , six CD solar JJ inertial JJ passes NNS , , two CD Earth NP limb NN surveys NNS , , and CC two CD lunar JJ calibration NN sequences NNS were VBD completed VVN . SENT The DT 15 CD hours NNS of IN data NN acquisition NN was VBD about RB 40 CD percent NN higher JJR than IN the DT premission NN flight NN plan NN and CC included VVD 15 CD 780 CD photographs NNS and CC 28 CD 000 CD m NN of IN magnetic JJ tape NN . SENT Data NNS were VBD acquired VVN over IN the DT United NP States NPS , , Central NP and CC South NP America NP , , Europe NP , , Africa NP , , Japan NP , , and CC Southeast NP . SENT Asia NP . SENT Special JJ observations NNS were VBD made VVN of IN tropical JJ storm NN Christine NP , , the DT Sargasso NP Sea NP , , the DT African JJ drought NN area NN , , and CC the DT Pakistan NP flood NN area NN . SENT Oblique JJ and CC nadir NN photography NN was VBD obtained VVN for IN most JJS of IN Paraguay NP as IN part NN of IN a DT joint JJ U NP . SENT S NP . SENT IAGS NP Inter NP American NP Geodetic JJ Survey NP Paraguay NP mapping NN experiment NN . SENT 22 CD September NP 1973 CD EVA NP Skylab NP 3 CD 3 CD Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS Replaced VVD film NN cartridges NNS for IN solar JJ camera NN . SENT 25 CD September NP 1973 CD All DT primary JJ mission NN objectives NNS for IN Skylab NP 3 CD were VBD accomplished VVN . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP , , Apollo NP ATM NN . SENT More JJR details NNS 04 CD October NP 1973 CD An DT ad NN hoc FW committee NN to TO analyze VV the DT vestibular JJ problems NNS which WDT occurred VVD in IN previous JJ manned VVD space NN flights NNS . SENT More JJR details NNS An DT ad NN hoc FW committee NN was VBD established VVN to TO analyze VV the DT vestibular JJ problems NNS which WDT occurred VVD in IN previous JJ manned VVD space NN flights NNS and CC to TO make VV recommendations NNS concerning VVG prevention NN and CC control NN on IN future JJ flights NNS . SENT Particular JJ emphasis NN was VBD placed VVN on IN the DT experiences NNS of IN the DT Skylab NP 3 CD crew NN . SENT As IN a DT result NN of IN the DT committee NN meeting NN , , it PP was VBD recommended VVN that IN the DT crewmen NNS of IN SL NP 4 CD take VV anti JJ motion NN sickness NN medication NN immediately RB upon IN orbital JJ insertion NN and CC follow VV this DT with IN periodic JJ doses NNS for IN the DT first JJ three CD days NNS of IN flight NN . SENT 20 CD October NP 1973 CD The DT crew NN of IN Skylab NP 4 CD began VVD a DT 21 CD day NN prelaunch NN isolation NN period NN . SENT More JJR details NNS Established VVD prelaunch NN procedures NNS required VVD each DT Skylab NP flight NN crew NN to TO begin VV a DT health NN stabilization NN program NN 21 CD days NNS before IN liftoff NN . SENT 24 CD October NP 1973 CD A DT review NN of IN Skylab NP 3 CD medical JJ data NNS and CC SL NP 4 CD mission NN planning NN was VBD conducted VVN by IN the DT NASA NP Administrator NP . SENT More JJR details NNS Among IN the DT items NNS covered VVN were VBD a DT plan NN for IN measuring VVG both CC the DT pre NP and CC postflight JJ cardiac JJ outputs NNS of IN the DT SL NP 4 CD crew NN . SENT elimination NN of IN all DT activities NNS in IN the DT deactivation NN sequence NN not RB absolutely RB required VVN . SENT and CC a DT plan NN for IN accommodation NN of IN the DT circadian JJ shift NN necessary JJ for IN missions NNS of IN various JJ durations NNS . SENT 30 CD October NP 1973 CD Two CD vials NNS , , each DT containing VVG 500 CD gypsy NN moth NN eggs NNS , , were VBD hand RB carried VVN to TO JSC NP from IN the DT Department NP of IN Agriculture NP . SENT More JJR details NNS After IN being VBG loaded VVN in IN flight NN containers NNS , , they PP were VBD hand RB carried VVN to TO KSC NP . SENT The DT eggs NNS would MD be VB launched VVN on IN Skylab NP 4 CD and CC then RB transferred VVN to TO the DT OWS JJ sleep NN compartment NN area NN where WRB they PP would MD be VB monitored VVN during IN the DT course NN of IN the DT SL NP 4 CD mission NN . SENT The DT eggs NNS were VBD being VBG carried VVN at IN the DT request NN of IN the DT Secretary NP of IN Agriculture NP . SENT 06 CD November NP 1973 CD Skylab NP 4 CD delayed VVD to TO replace VV cracked VVN fins NNS on IN the DT S NP IB NP . SENT More JJR details NNS A DT shift NN in IN the DT Skylab NP 4 CD launch NN schedule NN was VBD required VVN in IN order NN to TO replace VV eight CD cracked VVN fins NNS on IN the DT S NP IB NP . SENT The DT hairline NN cracks NNS were VBD discovered VVN during IN a DT postcountdown JJ demonstration NN test NN inspection NN . SENT Initial JJ indications NNS were VBD that IN the DT 14 CD cracks NNS were VBD caused VVN by IN load NN stress NN or CC salt NN air NN , , or CC possibly RB a DT combination NN of IN both DT . SENT 06 CD November NP 1973 CD A DT high JJ energy NN food NN bar NN was VBD added VVN to TO the DT menu NN of IN the DT Skylab NP 4 CD astronauts NNS . SENT More JJR details NNS The DT 72 CD kg NN of IN additional JJ food NN placed VVN aboard IN the DT SL NP 4 CD command NN module NN included VVD 39 CD kg NN of IN high JJ energy NN food NN bars NNS and CC would MD supply VV sufficient JJ food NN for IN an DT extension NN of IN the DT mission NN to TO 85 CD days NNS , , plus CC an DT additional JJ 10 CD days NNS supply NN for IN a DT rescue NN capability NN . SENT The DT food NN bars NNS , , which WDT contained VVD 300 CD calories NNS each DT , , would MD be VB used VVN by IN the DT crewmen NNS every DT third JJ day NN of IN the DT mission NN in IN combination NN with IN the DT normal JJ Skylab NP food NN . SENT There EX were VBD three CD kinds NNS of IN energy NN bars NNS chocolate NN chip NN , , crispy JJ , , and CC flake NN . SENT Each DT was VBD coated VVN with IN one CD of IN three CD flavors NNS vanilla NN , , chocolate NN , , or CC strawberry JJ making VVG nine CD different JJ varieties NNS . SENT The DT bar NN , , a DT modification NN of IN a DT commercially RB available JJ Pillsbury NP food NN stick NN , , was VBD all DT offspring NN of IN a DT bar NN developed VVD jointly RB by IN NASA NP , , the DT U NP . SENT S NP . SENT Air NP Force NP , , and CC the DT Pillsbury NP Company NN . SENT 14 CD November NP 1973 CD A DT launch NN readiness NN review NN was VBD held VVN at IN KSC NP . SENT From IN the DT review NN and CC closeout NN of IN action NN items NNS , , the DT Skylab NP 4 CD vehicle NN was VBD determined VVN to TO be VB ready JJ for IN launch NN on IN 16 CD November NP 1973 CD . SENT More JJR details NNS Other JJ reviews NNS included VVD the DT KSC NP flight NN readiness NN review NN , , 18 CD October NP . SENT the DT JSC NP Director's NP flight NN readiness NN review NN and CC the DT JSC NP command NN and CC service NN module NN flight NN readiness NN review NN , , 11 CD October NP . SENT the DT MSFC NP review NN of IN the DT Skylab NP Workshop NN systems NNS capabilities NNS , , 17 CD September NP . SENT and CC the DT KSC NP SL NP 4 CD launch NN readiness NN review NN , , 15 CD October NP 1973 CD . SENT 16 CD November NP 1973 CD Skylab NP 4 CD Spacecraft NN . SENT Apollo NP CSM NP . SENT Mass NP . SENT 20 CD , , 847 CD kg NN . SENT More JJR details NNS Final JJ Skylab NP mission NN . SENT included VVN observation NN and CC photography NN of IN Comet NN Kohoutek NP among IN numerous JJ experiments NNS . SENT Completed VVN 1 CD , , 214 CD Earth NP orbits NNS and CC four CD EVAs NPS totalling VVG 22 CD hours NNS , , 13 CD minutes NNS . SENT Increased VVN manned VVD space NN flight NN time NN record NN by IN 50 CD . SENT Rebellion NN by IN crew NN against IN NASA NP Ground NP Control NP overtasking VVG led VVN to TO none NN of IN the DT crew NN ever RB flying VVG again RB . SENT Biological JJ experiments NNS included VVD two CD Mummichog NP fish NN Fundulus NP heteroclitus NN . SENT The DT space NN vehicle NN consisted VVD of IN a DT modified JJ Apollo NP CSM NP and CC a DT Saturn NP IB NP launch NN vehicle NN . SENT All DT launch NN phase NN events NNS were VBD normal JJ , , and CC the DT CSM NN was VBD inserted VVN into IN a DT 150 CD . SENT 1 CD by IN 227 CD . SENT 08 CD km NN orbit NN . SENT The DT rendezvous NN sequence NN was VBD performed VVN according VVG to TO the DT anticipated JJ timeline NN . SENT Stationkeeping NP was VBD initiated VVN about IN seven CD and CC one CD half NN hours NNS after IN liftoff NN , , and CC hard RB docking VVG was VBD achieved VVN about IN 30 CD minutes NNS later RBR following VVG two CD unsuccessful JJ docking VVG attempts NNS . SENT Planned JJ duration NN of IN the DT mission NN was VBD 56 CD days NNS , , with IN the DT option NN of IN extending VVG it PP to TO a DT maximum NN of IN 84 CD days NNS . SENT 17 CD November NP 1973 CD Skylab NP Orbital JJ Workshop NN activation NN by IN the DT crew NN of IN Skylab NP 4 CD . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP , , Apollo NP ATM NN . SENT More JJR details NNS The DT reactivation NN included VVD the DT reservicing NN of IN the DT airlock NN module NN primary JJ coolant NN loop NN . SENT The DT commander NN and CC pilot JJ experienced JJ symptoms NNS resembling VVG motion NN sickness NN during IN the DT initial JJ three CD days NNS of IN the DT visit NN , , and CC flight NN plan NN activities NNS were VBD adjusted VVN accordingly RB . SENT Crew NN health NN was VBD good JJ thereafter RB . SENT 22 CD November NP 1973 CD EVA NP Skylab NP 4 CD 1 CD Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS Repaired VVN antenna NN . SENT Replaced VVN solar JJ camera NN film NN cartridges NNS . SENT 26 CD November NP 1973 CD The DT Skylab NP rescue NN mission NN hardware NN was VBD on IN schedule NN . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Apollo NP Rescue NN CSM NN . SENT More JJR details NNS Vehicle NN rollout NN to TO the DT launch NN complex NN was VBD scheduled VVN for IN 5 CD December NP . SENT Integrated JJ testing NN and CC the DT flight NN readiness NN test NN would MD be VB completed VVN about IN 13 CD December NP . SENT Flight NN readiness NN review NN dates NNS would MD only RB be VB established VVN if IN a DT rescue NN launch NN was VBD required VVN . SENT 25 CD December NP 1973 CD EVA NP Skylab NP 4 CD 2 CD Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS Photographed VVN Comet NN Kohoutek NP and CC replaced VVD solar JJ camera NN film NN cartridges NNS . SENT 29 CD December NP 1973 CD EVA NP Skylab NP 4 CD 3 CD Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS Photographed VVN Comet NN Kohoutek NP . SENT 03 CD January NP 1974 CD Second NP Skylab NP mission NN capability NN would MD be VB retained VVN until IN NASA NP planning NN for IN the DT FY NN 1976 CD . SENT More JJR details NNS Flexibility NN to TO conduct VV a DT second JJ Skylab NP mission NN would MD be VB retained VVN until IN such JJ time NN as IN NASA NP planning NN for IN the DT FY NN 1976 CD budget NN was VBD complete JJ . SENT To TO accomplish VV this DT , , NASA NP issued VVD the DT following VVG guidelines NNS . SENT Launch VV umbilical JJ tower NN 2 CD would MD be VB retained VVN in IN its PP$ present JJ status NN for IN possible JJ Skylab NP usage NN until IN a DT decision NN was VBD made VVN to TO prepare VV for IN a DT Skylab NP launch NN or CC to TO begin VV modifications NNS for IN the DT Shuttle NN Program NN . SENT Action NN would MD be VB continued VVN to TO place VV in IN storage NN existing VVG hardware NN including VVG appropriate JJ backups NNS and CC spares NNS required VVN for IN conduct NN of IN a DT Skylab NP mission NN . SENT The DT Skylab NP Program NN would MD fund VV the DT activities NNS required VVN to TO place VV the DT hardware NN in IN minimum JJ cost NN storage NN and CC the DT storage NN costs NNS through IN June NP 1974 CD . SENT 10 CD January NP 1974 CD Studies NNS on IN Skylab NP 1 CD OWS NN revisit VV at IN some DT future JJ date NN . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS Studies NNS had VHD been VBN conducted VVN to TO determine VV an DT end NN of IN mission NN configuration NN for IN the DT Orbital JJ Workshop NN and CC for IN maintaining VVG the DT option NN of IN an DT OWS NN revisit VV at IN some DT future JJ date NN . SENT MSFC NP assessed VVD the DT special JJ deactivation NN requirements NNS for IN the DT AM NP , , MDA NP , , and CC the DT Workshop NN required VVN to TO establish VV a DT satisfactory JJ , , economical JJ configuration NN . SENT JSC NP made VVD an DT evaluation NN of IN ground NN support NN monitoring NN and CC control NN options NNS . SENT The DT OWS NN would MD be VB left VVN in IN a DT configuration NN that WDT would MD permit VV a DT revisit VV at IN some DT future JJ date NN without IN reactivation NN . SENT 15 CD January NP 1974 CD Series NN of IN engineering NN tests NNS on IN the DT Orbital JJ Workshop NN authorized VVD following VVG completion NN of IN the DT Skylab NP 4 CD mission NN . SENT More JJR details NNS A DT series NN of IN engineering NN tests NNS on IN the DT Orbital JJ Workshop NN was VBD authorized VVN following VVG completion NN of IN the DT Skylab NP 4 CD mission NN provided VVN that IN only JJ tests NNS which WDT would MD result VV in IN significant JJ engineering NN knowledge NN would MD be VB performed VVN . SENT A DT series NN of IN engineering NN tests NNS on IN the DT Orbital JJ Workshop NN was VBD authorized VVN following VVG completion NN of IN the DT Skylab NP 4 CD mission NN provided VVN that IN only JJ tests NNS which WDT would MD result VV in IN significant JJ engineering NN knowledge NN would MD be VB performed VVN . SENT no DT compromise NN would MD be VB made VVN to TO the DT desired VVN end NN of IN mission NN configuration NN by IN conducting VVG the DT test NN 10 CD January NP 1974 CD entry NN . SENT the DT vehicle NN would MD be VB left VVN in IN the DT final JJ configuration NN no RB later RBR than IN 15 CD February NP 1974 CD . SENT and CC only RB a DT minimum NN of IN overtime NN and CC shift NN operation NN would MD be VB expended VVN to TO obtain VV the DT data NNS . SENT 24 CD January NP 1974 CD Significant JJ repair NN and CC maintenance NN accomplishments NNS of IN the DT three CD manned VVD Skylab NP missions NNS were VBD reported VVN . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Apollo NP ATM NN . SENT More JJR details NNS Significant JJ repair NN and CC maintenance NN accomplishments NNS of IN the DT three CD manned VVD Skylab NP missions NNS were VBD reported VVN . SENT 03 CD February NP 1974 CD EVA NP Skylab NP 4 CD 4 CD Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS Retrieved VVD solar JJ camera NN film NN cartridges NNS and CC external JJ materials NNS exposure NN package NN . SENT 08 CD February NP 1974 CD KSC NP was VBD directed VVN to TO discontinue VV plans NNS for IN the DT Skylab NP rescue NN capability NN and CC to TO move VV the DT rescue NN vehicle NN SA NP 209 CD and CC CSM NP 119 CD back NN to TO the DT Vehicle NN Assembly NP Building NP . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Apollo NP Rescue NN CSM NN . SENT Launch NN Vehicle NN . SENT Saturn NP IB NP . SENT More JJR details NNS Upon IN completion NN of IN this DT action NN , , Headquarters NN responsibility NN for IN the DT SA NP 209 CD and CC CSM NP 119 CD would MD be VB transferred VVN to TO the DT Program NP Director NP of IN the DT Apollo NP Soyuz NP Test NP Program NP . SENT 09 CD February NP 1974 CD All DT primary JJ mission NN objectives NNS of IN Skylab NP 4 CD were VBD reported VVN accomplished VVN . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS 21 CD February NP 1974 CD Summary NN of IN Skylab NP operations NNS . SENT Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT Launch NN Vehicle NN . SENT Saturn NP IB NP , , Saturn NP V NN . SENT More JJR details NNS MSFC NP published VVD a DT summary NN of IN Skylab NP operations NNS . SENT 01 CD April NP 1974 CD Skylab NP 5 CD Spacecraft NN . SENT Apollo NP CSM NP . SENT More JJR details NNS After IN completion NN of IN the DT three CD programmed JJ Skylab NP flights NNS , , NASA NP considered VVD using VVG the DT remaining JJ backup NN Saturn NP IB NP and CC Apollo NP CSM NP to TO fly VV a DT fourth JJ manned VVD mission NN to TO Skylab NP . SENT It PP would MD have VH been VBN a DT short JJ 20 CD day NN mission NN the DT CSM NN systems NNS would MD not RB have VH been VBN powered VVN down RP . SENT Main JJ objective NN would MD be VB to TO conduct VV some DT new JJ scientific JJ experiments NNS and CC boost VV Skylab NP into IN a DT higher JJR orbit NN for IN later JJR use NN by IN the DT shuttle NN . SENT The DT marginal JJ cost NN of IN such PDT a DT mission NN would MD have VH been VBN incredibly RB low JJ . SENT but CC NASA NP was VBD confident JJ that IN Skylab NP would MD stay VV in IN orbit NN until IN shuttle NN flights NNS began VVD in IN 1978 CD 1979 CD . SENT But CC the DT shuttle NN was VBD delayed VVN , , and CC faster RBR atmospheric JJ decay NN than IN expected VVN resulted VVN in IN Skylab NP crashing VVG to TO earth NN before IN the DT first JJ shuttle NN mission NN was VBD flown VVN . SENT 01 CD July NP 1974 CD A NP JSC NP report NN summarized VVD Comet NN Kohoutek's NP relationship NN to TO Skylab NP operations NNS . SENT Comet NN Kohoutek NP was VBD discovered VVN on IN 7 CD March NP 1973 CD , , three CD months NNS before IN the DT launch NN of IN Skylab NP . SENT More JJR details NNS Preliminary JJ feasibility NN studies NNS indicated VVD that IN there EX was VBD insufficient JJ time NN to TO send VV a DT suitably RB instrumented VVN spacecraft NN to TO observe VV and CC study VV the DT comet NN at IN close JJ range NN . SENT However RB , , other JJ manned VVD and CC unmanned JJ observations NNS were VBD planned VVN , , with IN the DT most RBS significant JJ to TO occur VV during IN the DT third JJ visit NN to TO the DT orbiting VVG Skylab NP . SENT Unique JJ scientific JJ data NNS were VBD obtained VVN by IN the DT third JJ visit NN crew NN , , helping VVG to TO make VV Kohoutek NP the DT most RBS comprehensively RB studied VVN comet NN in IN history NN . SENT 01 CD January NP 1975 CD Skylab NP B NP Spacecraft NN . SENT Skylab NP . SENT Launch NN Vehicle NN . SENT Saturn NP IB NP , , Saturn NP V NN . SENT More JJR details NNS NASA NP realized VVD that IN after IN the DT completion NN of IN the DT Apollo NP , , Skylab NP , , and CC ASTP NP programs NNS there RB would MD still RB be VB significant JJ Apollo NP surplus NN hardware NN . SENT This DT amounted VVD to TO two CD Saturn NP V NN and CC three CD Saturn NP IB NP boosters NNS . SENT one CD Skylab NP space NN station NN , , three CD Apollo NP CSM's NP and CC two CD Lunar JJ Modules NNS . SENT After IN many JJ iterations NNS NASA NP considered VVD use NN of IN these DT assets NNS for IN a DT second JJ Skylab NP station NN in IN May NP 1973 CD . SENT A DT range NN of IN options NNS were VBD considered VVN . SENT Saturn NP V NN SA NP 515 CD would MD boost VV the DT backup JJ Skylab NP station NN into IN orbit NN somewhere RB between IN January NP 1975 CD and CC April NP 1976 CD . SENT It PP would MD serve VV as IN a DT space NN station NN for IN Apollo NP and CC Soyuz NP spacecraft NN in IN the DT context NN of IN the DT Apollo NP ASTP NP mission NN . SENT The DT Advanced NP or CC International NP Skylab NP variants NNS proposed VVD use NN of IN Saturn NP V NN SA NP 514 CD to TO launch VV a DT second JJ workshop NN module NN and CC international JJ payloads NNS . SENT This DT station NN would MD be VB serviced VVN first RB by IN Apollo NP and CC Soyuz NP , , then RB by IN the DT space NN shuttle NN . SENT Using VVG the DT existing JJ hardware NN , , these DT options NNS would MD cost VV anywhere RB from IN 220 CD to TO 650 CD million CD . SENT But CC funds NNS were VBD not RB forthcoming JJ . SENT The DT decision NN was VBD taken VVN to TO mothball VV surplus NN hardware NN in IN August NP 1973 CD . SENT In IN December NP 1976 CD , , the DT boosters NNS and CC spacecraft NN were VBD handed VVN over RP to TO museums NNS . SENT The DT opportunity NN to TO launch VV an DT International NP Space NP Station NP , , at IN a DT tenth NN of IN the DT cost NN and CC twenty CD years NNS earlier RBR , , was VBD lost VVN . SENT Contact NP Mark NP Wade NP with IN any DT corrections NNS , , additions NNS , , or CC comments NNS . SENT Conditions NNS for IN use NN of IN drawings NNS , , pictures NNS , , or CC other JJ materials NNS from IN this DT site NN . SENT . SENT This DT web NN site NN is VBZ sponsored VVN by IN SpaceBank NP . SENT com NN Last JJ update NN 9 CD August NP 2003 CD . SENT Mark NP Wade NP , , 2003 CD . SENT