/Users/andrea/_magisterarbeit/korpus/clean/trainkorpus/41/file_222.html NN ----------------------------------------- : School NP of IN the DT Built VVN Environment NP Annual NP Research NP Report NP 2000 CD NAPIER NP UNIVERSITY NN EDINBURGH NP SECTION NN 1 CD . SENT PHD NP AND CC MPHIL NP COMPLETIONS NNS SECTION NN 2 CD . SENT PROJECT NN DESCRIPTIONS NNS Civil NP Engineering NP Group NP Transport NP Group NP Building NP Surveying NN Group NP SECTION NN 3 CD . SENT PUBLICATIONS NNS Napier NP University NP Napier NP University NP is VBZ one CD of IN the DT largest JJS universities NNS in IN Scotland NP with IN over IN 11 CD , , 000 CD UK NP and CC overseas JJ students NNS . SENT As IN one CD of IN Scotland NP s VVZ most RBS advanced JJ higher JJR educational JJ establishment NN , , Napier NP s PP excellent JJ facilities NNS are VBP complemented VVN by IN the DT limitless JJ social JJ and CC cultural JJ opportunities NNS in IN the DT city NN of IN Edinburgh NP . SENT Napier NP s PP strong JJ international JJ links NNS and CC close JJ ties NNS with IN industry NN in IN the DT development NN of IN courses NNS and CC work NN placements NNS mean VVP that IN 95 CD per IN cent NN of IN our PP$ graduates NNS find VVP employment NN or CC further JJR study NN within IN six CD months NNS of IN graduating NN . SENT Faculty NN of IN Engineering NP and CC Computing NP The DT Faculty NN represents VVZ one CD of IN the DT largest JJS engineering NN and CC computing NN group NN of IN academics NNS within IN Scotland NP . SENT The DT Faculty NN s PP aim VVP is VBZ to TO instill VV in IN our PP$ graduates NNS a DT thorough JJ understanding NN of IN engineering NN and CC computing NN principles NNS , , which WDT will MD allow VV them PP to TO adapt VV to TO a DT rapidly RB changing VVG technological JJ environment NN . SENT All DT courses NNS are VBP created VVN in IN partnership NN with IN industry NN and CC are VBP reviewed VVN regularly RB to TO ensure VV that IN our PP$ students NNS have VHP the DT most RBS up RB to TO date NN , , high JJ quality NN education NN possible JJ . SENT School NN of IN the DT Built VVN Environment NP The DT School NP of IN the DT Built VVN Environment NP is VBZ one CD of IN three CD Schools NNS which WDT make VVP up RP the DT Faculty NN of IN Engineering NP and CC Computing NP . SENT The DT School NP has VHZ 30 CD academic JJ staff NN four CD professors NNS , , six CD Senior JJ Lecturers NNS , , 20 CD Lecturers NNS , , six CD Research NP Fellows NP and CC over IN thirty CD research NN students NNS . SENT In IN the DT following VVG pages NNS , , the DT School NP s PP research NN activities NNS and CC outputs NNS for IN the DT year NN 2000 CD are VBP described VVN . SENT Section NN 1 CD lists NNS the DT seven CD PhD NP and CC one CD MPhil NP theses NNS that WDT were VBD successfully RB completed VVN . SENT Section NN 2 CD contains VVZ brief JJ descriptions NNS of IN all DT projects NNS that WDT were VBD active JJ in IN 2000 CD separated VVN into IN the DT three CD main JJ areas NNS of IN activity NN corresponding JJ to TO the DT School NP s VVZ three CD subject JJ groups NNS . SENT Civil NP Engineering NP , , Transportation NP and CC Building NP Surveying NN . SENT Finally RB , , Section NN 3 CD gives VVZ full JJ details NNS of IN all DT publications NNS by IN members NNS of IN staff NN and CC students NNS during IN the DT year NN . SENT SECTION NN 1 CD . SENT PHD NP AND CC MPHIL NP COMPLETIONS NNS The DT following NN completed VVD their PP$ PhD NP or CC MPhil NP theses NNS in IN 2000 CD . SENT PhD NP Adarkwah NP Antwi NP Urban NP land NN markets NNS in IN sub NN Saharan JJ Africa NP . SENT a DT quantitative JJ study NN of IN Accra NP , , Ghana NP Alan NP Devenny NP Recycling NP of IN demolished VVN masonry NN rubble NN Ian NP Hounsome NP Development NP of IN design NN criteria NNS for IN flexible JJ ducts NNS in IN trench NN reinstatements NNS Darren NP Keogh NP An DT experimental JJ investigation NN of IN the DT flow NN characteristics NNS in IN open JJ channel NN slot NN flow NN Kevin NP Murray NP Wavelet NN transform VV analysis NN of IN turbulent JJ wake NN flow NN Alberto NP Ndumu NP Fractal NP based VVD stochastic JJ simulation NN and CC analysis NN of IN subsurface JJ flow NN and CC scale VV dependent JJ solute JJ transport NN Jamie NP Watson NP The DT application NN of IN neural JJ computing NN to TO non JJ destructive JJ testing NN techniques NNS Allan NP Woodburn NP The DT role NN of IN logistical JJ structure NN in IN the DT development NN of IN rail NN freight NN services NNS in IN Great NP Britain NP MPhil NP Metin NP Zagyapan NP Monitoring NN of IN vibro NN tamper VV compaction NN by IN non JJ destructive JJ testing NN SECTION NN 2 CD . SENT PROJECT NN DESCRIPTIONS NNS Civil NP Engineering NP Group NP Wavelet NN Transforms VVZ for IN Low NP Strain NP Integrity NN Testing NP of IN Foundation NP Piles NP EPSRC NP research NN grant NN , , August NP 1998 CD July NP 2000 CD J NP . SENT Watson NP , , Dr NP . SENT P NN . SENT S NP Addison NP Prof NP . SENT Alan NP Sibbald NP This DT project NN follows VVZ on IN from IN a DT previously RB EPSRC JJ funded JJ feasibility NN study NN . SENT The DT research NN aims VVZ to TO develop VV wavelet NN based VVN techniques NNS to TO decompose VV non JJ destructive JJ stress NN wave NN signals NNS taken VVN from IN in IN situ NP piled VVD foundations NNS in IN order NN to TO better RBR facilitate VV their PP$ interpretation NN . SENT The DT research NN is VBZ carried VVN out RP in IN close JJ collaboration NN with IN industrial JJ partners NNS Technotrade NP Ltd NP and CC Testing NP and CC Analysis NP Ltd NP TESTAL NP , , two CD testing NN companies NNS who WP support VVP the DT project NN by IN providing VVG field NN data NNS , , discussion NN steering NN meetings NNS and CC system NN evaluation NN . SENT Recent JJ results NNS using VVG data NNS collected VVN from IN site NN has VHZ shown VVN that DT low JJ oscillation NN complex NN wavelets NNS are VBP optimal JJ in IN highlighting VVG anomalies NNS within IN the DT structural JJ element NN . SENT In IN addition NN , , new JJ signal NN denoising VVG methods NNS have VHP been VBN developed VVN specifically RB for IN the DT sonic JJ echo NN traces NNS based VVN on IN wavelet NN transform VV modulus NN maxima NN techniques NNS . SENT The DT images NNS below RB show VVP a DT sonic JJ echo VVP NDT NP trace VV taken VVN from IN a DT foundation NN pile NN together RB with IN its PP$ associated JJ wavelet NN transform VV plot NN . SENT The DT scalogram NN highlights VVZ the DT location NN of IN the DT end NN of IN the DT pile NN as IN an DT obvious JJ island NN in IN the DT top JJ right JJ hand NN quadrant NN of IN the DT plot NN . SENT The DT investigators NNS are VBP currently RB using VVG the DT wavelet NN transform VV as RB both CC a DT feature NN detection NN technique NN and CC a DT filtering VVG device NN . SENT The DT images NNS below RB show VVP some DT recent JJ pile NN integrity NN testing NN using VVG our PP$ newly RB developed VVN wavelet NN based VVN system NN . SENT The DT left VVN image NN shows VVZ the DT testing NN of IN uninstalled JJ piles NNS with IN known VVN defects NNS and CC the DT right JJ hand NN image NN shows VVZ the DT in IN situ NP testing NN of IN piles NNS on IN site NN . SENT Analysing VVG Helicopter NN Video NP Film NP of IN Congested VVN Road NP Traffic NP EPSRC NP research NN grant NN , , March NP 2000 CD July NP 2001 CD Alberto NP Ndumu NP and CC Dr NP . SENT P NN . SENT S NP . SENT Addison NP This NP is VBZ a DT follow VVP on IN study NN using VVG helicopter NN collected VVN traffic NN video NN images NNS from IN a DT previous JJ EPSRC NP grant NN . SENT It PP aims VVZ to TO maximise VV the DT usefulness NN of IN the DT data NNS collected VVN in IN this DT preceding JJ study NN . SENT Using VVG image NN analysis NN software NN the DT time NN dependent JJ velocities NNS and CC spacings NNS of IN vehicles NNS on IN stretches NNS of IN road NN around IN Edinburgh NP have VHP been VBN analysed VVN in IN order NN to TO extract VV dynamical JJ parameters NNS for IN use NN in IN microscopic JJ traffic NN simulation NN models NNS . SENT Wavelet NN Analysis NN of IN the DT Human JJ Electrocardiogram NN during IN Ventricular JJ Fibrillation NN Funding NP . SENT Laerdal NP Medical NP Foundation NP and CC Napier NP University NP , , January NP 2000 CD June NP 2000 CD Tong NP Feng NP and CC Dr NP . SENT P NN . SENT S NP . SENT Addison NP This DT small JJ grant NN enabled VVD pilot NN work NN to TO determine VV the DT effectiveness NN in IN using VVG wavelet NN transform VV techniques NNS in IN the DT interrogation NN of IN ECG NP signals NNS exhibiting VVG ventricular JJ fibrillation NN . SENT The DT grant NN was VBD matched VVN with IN funding NN from IN the DT School NP of IN the DT Built VVN Environment NP which WDT allowed VVD for IN a DT six CD month NN pilot NN project NN . SENT The DT research NN is VBZ conducted VVN in IN collaboration NN with IN clinical JJ researchers NNS in IN Edinburgh NP , , Oslo NP and CC Vienna NP together RB with IN Laerdal NP Medical NP Ltd NP . SENT In IN addition NN to TO a DT number NN of IN publications NNS in IN both CC the DT engineering NN and CC medical JJ literature NN , , the DT work NN has VHZ led VVN to TO the DT filing NN of IN a DT patent NN and CC the DT formation NN of IN a DT University NP spin VV off RP company NN to TO commercialise VV the DT work NN . SENT Analysis NN of IN Concrete NN Cracking VVG Using VVG Fractal NP Techniques NNS Napier NP University NP . SENT October NP 1998 CD Lewis NP Dougan NP Dr NP . SENT P NN S NP Addison NP This DT work NN uses VVZ fractal JJ geometric JJ techniques NNS to TO describe VV material NN cracking VVG in IN a DT quantitative JJ manner NN . SENT It PP can MD be VB shown VVN that IN through IN fractal JJ analysis NN a DT complete JJ geometric JJ description NN of IN the DT spatial JJ cracking VVG phenomenon NN can MD be VB produced VVN in IN the DT form NN of IN an DT effective JJ Fokker NP Planck NP diffusion NN equation NN . SENT In IN addition NN , , it PP has VHZ been VBN shown VVN how WRB crack NN patterns NNS may MD be VB synthesised VVN using VVG a DT family NN of IN random JJ fractal JJ functions NNS known VVN as IN fractional JJ Brownian NP motions NNS . SENT Recent JJ results NNS obtained VVN from IN scanning VVG electron NN microscopic JJ images NNS have VHP shown VVN evidence NN for IN a DT cut NN off RP in IN the DT fractal JJ description NN of IN cracked VVN concrete NN . SENT In IN addition NN , , a DT prefractal JJ renormalisation NN framework NN has VHZ recently RB been VBN proposed VVN by IN Dr NP Addison NP . SENT This DT links VVZ the DT Euclidean JJ geometry NN of IN at IN scales NNS below IN the DT cut NN off RP with IN the DT fractal JJ description NN at IN higher JJR scales NNS to TO provide VV a DT method NN for IN the DT determination NN of IN crack NN energies NNS which WDT use VVP the DT correct JJ physical JJ units NNS . SENT Wavelet NN Analysis NN of IN ECG NP Arrythmias NP Napier NP University NP . SENT October NP 2000 CD Nopadol NP Uchaipichat NP and CC Dr NP . SENT P NN . SENT S NP Addison NP This DT work NN intends VVZ to TO further RBR develop VV methods NNS for IN the DT analysis NN of IN ECG NP signals NNS using VVG wavelet NN transforms VVZ . SENT Both DT ventricular JJ fibrillation NN VF NP and CC atrial JJ fibrillation NN AF NN signals NNS are VBP analysed VVN using VVG new JJ wavelet NN transform VV based VVN methods NNS . SENT Wavelet NN Analysis NN of IN Surfaces VVZ Napier NP University NP . SENT October NP 2000 CD Dr NN . SENT P NN . SENT S NP Addison NP and CC Annie NP Nyander NP This DT work NN , , which WDT is VBZ at IN a DT very RB early JJ stage NN , , seeks VVZ new JJ wavelet NN transform VV based VVN methods NNS of IN characterisation NN of IN rough JJ surfaces NNS . SENT The DT work NN will MD focuss VV on IN both CC the DT characterisation NN of IN river NN sediment NN surfaces VVZ before IN and CC after IN flood NN flows NNS and CC cracked VVN concrete JJ elements NNS exhibiting VVG fractal JJ scaling NN . SENT Load NN Transfer NN Mechanisms NNS in IN Punched VVN Metal NP Plate NP Connected JJ Timber NN Trusses VVZ Kuwait NP Government NP . SENT October NP 1998 NP N NP . SENT A DT . SENT H NP . SENT Abdulrahman NP and CC Dr NP A NP . SENT Kermani NP The DT design NN analyses NNS of IN timber NN trusses NNS with IN punched VVN metal NN plates NNS connections NNS are VBP based VVN on IN the DT assumption NN that IN joints NNS behave VV as IN pins NNS due JJ to TO the DT concentration NN of IN fasteners NNS in IN a DT small JJ area NN limiting VVG the DT moment NN arm NN . SENT Recent JJ research NN studies NNS have VHP shown VVN that IN the DT punched VVN metal NN plate NN connections NNS can MD possess VV considerable JJ moment NN and CC shear NN capacities NNS and CC a DT second JJ market NN has VHZ been VBN evolved VVN implementing VVG the DT use NN of IN punched VVN metal NN plate NN connectors NNS to TO produce VV long JJ length NN continuous JJ beams VVZ where WRB lapping VVG is VBZ eliminated VVN . SENT This DT study NN has VHZ aimed VVN to TO explore VV the DT moment NN and CC shear NN capacities NNS of IN punched VVN metal NN plate NN connections NNS and CC hence RB to TO implement VV their PP$ semi NN rigid JJ characteristics NNS in IN analysis NN design NN process NN . SENT A DT number NN of IN testing NN methods NNS and CC apparatus NN has VHZ been VBN developed VVN and CC tests NNS carried VVD out RP on IN specimen NN joints NNS to TO determine VV the DT effects NNS of IN different JJ connection NN configurations NNS and CC material NN properties NNS on IN the DT translational JJ and CC rotational JJ characteristics NNS of IN timber NN truss NN systems NNS . SENT Translational JJ and CC Rotational JJ Characteristics NNS of IN Nailed VVN Dowel NN Type NN Timber NN Connections NNS Napier NP University NP . SENT October NP 1999 NP A NP . SENT Porteous NP and CC Dr NP . SENT A DT . SENT Kermani NP This DT research NN studies VVZ the DT economic JJ viability NN of IN the DT implementation NN of IN semi NN rigid JJ characteristics NNS of IN nailed VVN dowel NN type NN joints NNS in IN timber NN structures NNS , , with IN respect NN to TO the DT level NN of IN translational JJ and CC rotational JJ rigidities NNS . SENT The DT core NN objectives NNS include VVP . SENT i NP assessment NN of IN the DT influence NN of IN short JJ and CC medium JJ term NN loading NN on IN the DT behaviour NN of IN the DT joints NNS . SENT ii NN development NN of IN empirical JJ mathematical JJ models NNS capable JJ of IN simulating VVG their PP$ semi NN rigid JJ and CC rheological JJ behaviour NN and CC iii NN development NN of IN a DT reliable JJ method NN of IN assessing VVG semi NN rigid JJ and CC rheological JJ behaviour NN of IN the DT connections NNS and CC hence RB , , design NN guidance NN . SENT Reliability NN Analysis NP Applied NP to TO Behaviour NN of IN Timber NN Structures NNS Napier NP University NP Research NP Studentship NN , , January NP 1997 CD I NP Drummond NP , , Dr NP A NP Kermani NP and CC Dr NP S NP C NP Wamuziri NP The DT non JJ deterministic JJ nature NN of IN properties NNS of IN timber NN and CC of IN the DT loading NN process NN necessitates VVZ stochastic JJ methods NNS for IN analysis NN , , design NN and CC prediction NN of IN the DT behaviour NN of IN timber NN structures NNS . SENT This DT research NN has VHZ aimed VVN to TO develop VV improved JJ methods NNS for IN durability NN design NN of IN timber NN structures NNS using VVG reliability NN analysis NN methods NNS . SENT The DT time NN dependant NN nature NN of IN timber NN failure NN , , including VVG load NN duration NN effects NNS and CC creep VV deformations NNS of IN continuously RB loaded VVN timber NN structures NNS has VHZ been VBN considered VVN . SENT In IN this DT research NN , , the DT reliability NN of IN a DT series NN of IN structural JJ systems NNS is VBZ obtained VVN by IN examining VVG the DT safety NN of IN the DT components NNS which WDT constitute VVP the DT failure NN sequence NN of IN the DT system NN . SENT The DT overall JJ aim NN which WDT was VBD to TO develop VV an DT approach NN for IN assessing VVG reliability NN of IN timber NN structures NNS without IN use NN of IN a DT global JJ limit NN state NN functions NNS for IN the DT structural JJ systems NNS , , has VHZ been VBN achieved VVN and CC the DT candidate NN is VBZ currently RB finalizing VVG his PP$ thesis NN . SENT Recycling VVG of IN demolished VVN masonry NN rubble NN Napier NP University NP Research NP Studentship NN , , August NP 1996 CD January NP 2000 CD Dr NN . SENT F SYM . SENT M NP . SENT Khalaf NP and CC A NP . SENT DeVenny NP The DT project NN investigated VVD the DT possibility NN of IN recycling VVG demolished VVN masonry NN rubble NN , , mainly RB as IN the DT aggregate NN in IN new JJ concrete NN . SENT The DT research NN looked VVD at IN the DT effects NNS of IN using VVG a DT recycled JJ crushed JJ brick NN as IN aggregate NN in IN concrete NN compared VVN with IN the DT use NN of IN a DT primary JJ aggregate JJ granite NN . SENT This DT included VVD . SENT i NP investigating VVG the DT use NN of IN different JJ brick NN types NNS as IN crush NN aggregate NN in IN terms NNS of IN their PP$ physical JJ properties NNS and CC their PP$ performance NN as IN course NN aggregate NN in IN new JJ concrete NN , , ii NNS studying VVG different JJ ways NNS of IN curing VVG concrete NN made VVN with IN recycled JJ aggregate NN , , iii VVG a DT durability NN study NN using VVG abrasion NN techniques NNS on IN concrete NN made VVN from IN recycled JJ masonry NN aggregates NNS , , iv NN fire NN resistance NN of IN the DT new JJ concrete NN , , v NN studying VVG the DT effects NNS of IN impurities NNS in IN recycled JJ masonry NN material NN on IN the DT properties NNS of IN new JJ concrete NN , , vi NP looking VVG at IN ways NNS to TO improve VV the DT workability NN of IN recycled JJ masonry NN aggregate NN concrete NN , , and CC vii NNS studying VVG the DT use NN of IN different JJ admixtures NNS in IN the DT production NN of IN new JJ concrete NN such JJ as IN air NN entrainment NN superplasticiser NN . SENT Direct NP Electric NP Curing VVG of IN Mortar NN and CC Concrete JJ Napier NP University NP Research NP Studentship NN , , January NP 1997 CD January NP 2001 CD Dr NN . SENT F SYM . SENT M NP . SENT Khalaf NP and CC I NP . SENT Heritage NP The DT project NN investigated VVD the DT methods NNS and CC problems NNS of IN accelerated JJ curing VVG of IN concrete NN and CC mortar VV using VVG electroheat NN . SENT The DT main JJ aim NN of IN the DT investigation NN was VBD to TO develop VV curing VVG temperature NN cycles NNS which WDT will MD provide VV adequate JJ strength NN in IN the DT time NN available JJ , , have VHP good JJ durability NN , , and CC minimise VV the DT energy NN supplied VVD . SENT Electricity NN was VBD also RB used VVN as IN a DT means NN of IN studying VVG the DT effects NNS of IN aggregate JJ absorption NN on IN the DT hydration NN process NN of IN cement NN within IN freshly RB mixed JJ concrete NN . SENT The DT technique NN is VBZ based VVN on IN passing VVG electrical JJ current NN at IN different JJ frequencies NNS through IN the DT concrete NN and CC monitoring VVG the DT resistance NN and CC capacitance NN over IN time NN . SENT The DT project NN led VVD to TO the DT following NN . SENT i NP the DT design NN of IN a DT new JJ electrical JJ power NN controller NN for IN curing VVG concrete JJ using VVG electroheat NN , , ii VVG the DT development NN of IN an DT electrical JJ model NN representing VVG freshly RB mixed JJ concrete NN used VVN to TO understand VV and CC monitor VV the DT hydration NN process NN of IN cement NN over IN time NN , , iii NP new JJ experiments NNS to TO measure VV the DT moisture NN content NN and CC the DT rate NN of IN water NN absorption NN in IN cement NN and CC aggregates NNS using VVG electrical JJ techniques NNS . SENT Virtual JJ Instrument NP for IN Monitoring VVG Curing VVG of IN Concrete JJ Napier NP University NP Research NP Studentship NN , , October NP 1998 CD Dr NN . SENT F SYM . SENT M NP . SENT Khalaf NP and CC H NP . SENT Campbell NP The DT days NNS of IN Electrical JJ Engineers NNS surrounded VVN by IN single JJ utility NN instruments NNS to TO oversee VV or CC control VV electrical JJ electronic JJ systems NNS are VBP quickly RB disappearing VVG . SENT With IN modern JJ day NN requirements NNS to TO make VV systems NNS smaller JJR and CC easier JJR to TO operate VV , , it PP has VHZ become VVN necessary JJ to TO find VV an DT alternative JJ method NN of IN monitoring VVG the DT Direct NP Electrical NP Curing VVG DEC NP of IN concrete NN . SENT DEC NP is VBZ one CD of IN the DT energy NN efficient JJ methods NNS used VVN to TO accelerate VV the DT curing VVG of IN concrete NN by IN passing VVG direct JJ alternating VVG electrical JJ current NN at IN normal JJ supply NN frequencies NNS 50 CD Hz NP through IN the DT concrete NN . SENT With IN recent JJ developments NNS in IN personal JJ computers NNS , , it PP is VBZ now RB possible JJ to TO greatly RB simplify VV any DT interface NN required VVN to TO implement VV a DT virtual JJ instrumentation NN VI NP system NN for IN the DT controlling VVG and CC monitoring VVG of IN curing VVG of IN concrete NN using VVG electrical JJ power NN . SENT It PP is VBZ anticipated VVN that IN the DT proposed VVN project NN will NN leads VVZ to TO the DT following NN . SENT i NP The DT design NN of IN a DT new JJ computer NN hardware NN and CC software NN to TO operate VV the DT electrical JJ power NN controller NN for IN curing VVG concrete JJ using VVG electroheat NN . SENT ii NNS Develop VVP the DT most JJS energy NN efficient JJ method NN of IN curing VVG concrete NN . SENT iii NP Electrical NP properties NNS of IN concrete NN will MD be VB measured VVN and CC monitored VVN during IN the DT curing VVG process NN using VVG a DT previously RB developed VVN software NN C NP 3 CD AMS NP Comprehensive NP Computerised VVD Control NP and CC Monitor NP System NP . SENT Use NN of IN Hydraulic JJ Lime NP Mortar NN in IN Restoration NN and CC Conservation NP of IN Historic JJ Buildings NNS Napier NP University NP Research NP Studentship NN , , October NP 1998 CD Dr NN . SENT F SYM . SENT M NP . SENT Khalaf NP and CC A NP . SENT Edwards NP Since IN Roman NP times NNS builders NNS have VHP used VVN a DT lime JJ based VVN mortar NN for IN the DT construction NN of IN masonry NN structures NNS . SENT The DT use NN of IN these DT mortars NNS lasted VVD up RP until IN the DT discovery NN of IN Portland NP cement NN by IN Joseph NP Aspdin NP , , a DT Leeds NP builder NN , , in IN 1824 CD . SENT Since IN this DT time NN their PP$ use NN has VHZ died VVN out RP . SENT Ancient JJ monuments NNS , , which WDT have VHP been VBN restored VVN within IN the DT last JJ few JJ decades NNS have VHP been VBN repaired VVN using VVG cement NN based VVN mortar NN . SENT Unwittingly RB this DT has VHZ caused VVN great JJ damage NN to TO many JJ of IN these DT structures NNS as IN cement NN work NN as IN a DT barrier NN to TO stop VV the DT natural JJ circulation NN of IN rain NN water NN through IN the DT stones NNS and CC mortar NN joints NNS and CC force VV it PP to TO circulate VV through IN the DT stones NNS only RB . SENT This DT in IN turn NN can MD cause VV the DT rapid JJ decay NN of IN the DT stonework NN . SENT This DT damage NN has VHZ been VBN estimated VVN at IN many JJ millions NNS of IN pounds NNS over IN the DT last JJ few JJ decades NNS . SENT The DT aims VVZ of IN this DT research NN project NN are VBP as RB follows VVZ . SENT i NP examine VVP in IN some DT detail NN the DT properties NNS of IN limes NNS available JJ in IN the DT market NN , , ii NNS determine VVP the DT rate NN and CC extent NN of IN carbonation NN of IN lime JJ based VVN mortars NNS , , iii NN comparison NN between IN the DT properties NNS of IN Pre NP packaged VVN limes NNS and CC lime JJ putty JJ mortars NNS , , iv NN study NN the DT effects NNS of IN adding VVG cement NN on IN the DT properties NNS of IN lime JJ based VVN mortars NNS , , v NN determine VVP the DT tensile JJ and CC shear NN bond NN strength NN between IN the DT lime JJ mortar NN and CC masonry NN units NNS . SENT The DT Use NN of IN Recycled JJ Construction NP Materials NPS in IN Road NP Bases NNS and CC Sub NP Bases VVZ Napier NP University NP Research NP Studentship NN , , October NP 1999 CD Dr NN . SENT F SYM . SENT M NP . SENT Khalaf NP and CC C NP . SENT Abeyasinghe NP Roads NP are VBP a DT major JJ consumer NN of IN aggregate NN in IN many JJ countries NNS . SENT Previous JJ experience NN has VHZ shown VVN that IN the DT cost NN of IN aggregates NNS is VBZ a DT major JJ element NN of IN the DT final JJ cost NN of IN roads NNS . SENT According VVG to TO estimates NNS published VVN by IN the DT Quarry NP Products NPS Association NP , , about RB 30 CD of IN the DT aggregates NNS produced VVN in IN the DT United NP Kingdom NP were VBD used VVN for IN roads NNS in IN 1996 CD . SENT Some DT 17 CD were VBD used VVN for IN new JJ road NN construction NN and CC 13 CD for IN road NN maintenance NN works NNS . SENT Not RB surprisingly RB therefore RB , , there EX is VBZ an DT environmental JJ concern NN surrounding VVG proposals NNS for IN the DT quarrying VVG of IN aggregates NNS in IN the DT United NP Kingdom NP . SENT Most RBS central JJ and CC local JJ government NN bodies NNS and CC some DT private JJ sector NN companies NNS have VHP embraced VVN the DT philosophy NN of IN sustainability NN and CC encourage VV their PP$ designers NNS and CC engineers NNS to TO specify VV use NN of IN alternative NN and CC recycled JJ materials NNS where WRB appropriate JJ . SENT The DT aim NN of IN the DT research NN project NN is VBZ to TO evaluate VV the DT use NN of IN recycled JJ materials NNS in IN the DT construction NN of IN road NN layers NNS . SENT The DT anticipated JJ outcomes NNS of IN the DT research NN are VBP . SENT i NP to TO provide VV specification NN for IN the DT use NN of IN recycled JJ construction NN materials NNS in IN the DT design NN and CC construction NN of IN road NN bases NNS , , sub NN bases NNS and CC the DT other JJ layers NNS , , and CC ii NNS compare VVP the DT results NNS of IN test NN on IN asphalt NN mixes VVZ made VVN with IN recycled JJ materials NNS to TO the DT ones NNS made VVN with IN primary JJ aggregates NNS . SENT The DT Recycling NP of IN Building NP Materials NPS Napier NP University NP Research NP Studentship NN and CC Roadstone NP Dublin NP Ltd NP , , October NP 2000 CD Dr NN . SENT F SYM . SENT M NP . SENT Khalaf NP and CC D NP . SENT Byrne NP The NP first RB recorded VVD mixing VVG of IN recycling VVG building NN materials NNS as IN aggregate NN with IN Portland NP cement NN was VBD in IN Germany NP in IN 1860 CD for IN the DT manufacture NN of IN concrete JJ products NNS . SENT Systematic JJ investigations NNS have VHP been VBN carried VVN out RP since IN 1928 CD on IN the DT effect NN of IN the DT cement NN content NN , , water NN content NN and CC grading VVG of IN recycled JJ aggregate NN . SENT Although IN , , the DT first JJ significant JJ applications NNS of IN recycled JJ aggregate JJ only JJ date NN back RB to TO the DT use NN of IN rubble NN from IN buildings NNS destroyed VVN in IN the DT Second NP World NP War NP . SENT The DT aim NN of IN the DT research NN project NN is VBZ to TO evaluate VV the DT use NN of IN recycled JJ materials NNS in IN the DT construction NN of IN road NN layers NNS and CC concrete NN mixes VVZ . SENT The DT anticipated JJ outcomes NNS of IN the DT research NN are VBP . SENT i NP to TO provide VV specification NN for IN the DT use NN of IN recycled JJ building NN materials NNS as IN coarse JJ aggregate NN or CC sand NN in IN asphalt NN and CC concrete NN , , ii NNS to TO compare VV the DT results NNS of IN test NN on RB mixes VVZ using VVG virgin JJ aggregates NNS with IN those DT made VVN with IN recycled JJ materials NNS , , iii NNS to TO look VV at IN the DT cost NN implication NN of IN using VVG recycled JJ coarse JJ aggregate NN and CC sand NN in IN new JJ concrete NN or CC asphalt NN compared VVN to TO the DT use NN of IN natural JJ aggregate NN , , iv NN to TO look VV at IN the DT possibility NN of IN producing VVG new JJ products NNS by IN using VVG the DT recycled JJ building NN materials NNS . SENT Accounting NN for IN Biodegradation NN in IN an DT Engineering NP Analysis NP of IN Landfill NP Settlement NP Hanson NP Waste NP Management NP , , through IN the DT Environmental NP Services NPS Association NP Research NP Trust NP , , January NP 1999 CD December NP 2000 CD Prof NP . SENT I PP . SENT C LS . SENT Pyrah NP and CC Dr NP J NP . SENT R SYM . SENT McDougall NP The DT difficulty NN of IN accounting NN for IN settlement NN in IN landfilled JJ waste NN , , particularly RB that IN induced VVN by IN biodegradation NN , , has VHZ been VBN recognised VVN for IN many JJ years NNS and CC is VBZ a DT key JJ constraint NN on IN future JJ site NN use NN . SENT Existing VVG techniques NNS of IN geotechnical JJ analysis NN , , which WDT are VBP well RB developed VVN for IN the DT interpretation NN of IN stress NN induced VVN deformation NN , , do VVP not RB lend VV themselves PP to TO the DT treatment NN of IN biodegradation NN induced VVN movements NNS . SENT It PP is VBZ now RB widely RB acknowledged VVD that IN environmental JJ parameters NNS such JJ as IN moisture NN content NN are VBP fundamental JJ to TO the DT biodegradation NN process NN . SENT More RBR recent JJ work NN has VHZ focussed VVN on IN integrating VVG the DT various JJ aspects NNS of IN the DT mechanical JJ behaviour NN of IN waste NN refuse NN . SENT A DT conceptual JJ model NN of IN the DT volumetric JJ state NN of IN waste NN refuse VVP appropriate JJ to TO a DT non JJ conservative JJ solid JJ material NN has VHZ been VBN developed VVN to TO enable VV a DT wider JJR bio NN geotechnical JJ interpretation NN of IN total JJ settlement NN in IN waste NN refuse NN . SENT This DT work NN has VHZ now RB attracted VVN continuation NN funding NN for IN three CD years NNS from IN EPSRC NP in IN collaboration NN with IN the DT University NP of IN Southampton NP and CC BRE NP . SENT Volume NN Change VV Behaviour NN of IN Unsaturated JJ Swelling VVG Clays NNS Napier NP University NP , , October NP 2000 CD Dr NP J NP . SENT McDougall NP Prof NP . SENT I PP . SENT C LS . SENT Pyrah NP The NP School NP of IN the DT Built VVN Environment NP has VHZ invested VVN in IN suction NN controlled VVN volume NN change NN laboratory NN equipment NN . SENT Currently RB , , the DT equipment NN is VBZ being VBG used VVN to TO explore VV the DT shrink VV and CC swell VV behaviour NN of IN bentonite NN enhanced JJ sands NNS subjected VVN to TO wetting VVG and CC drying VVG processes NNS . SENT The DT research NN is VBZ important JJ to TO the DT performance NN prediction NN of IN both DT landfill NN lining NN materials NNS and CC the DT buffer NN materials NNS used VVN as IN backfill NN in IN underground JJ repositories NNS . SENT Behaviour NN of IN Compacted JJ Unsaturated JJ Backfill NN Material NN Napier NP University NP Research NP Studentship NN , , August NP 1997 CD July NP 2000 CD . SENT G NP R NP Melville NP , , Dr NP I NP . SENT Smith NP and CC Prof NP . SENT I PP . SENT C NP Pyrah NP In IN the DT field NN backfill NN material NN is VBZ generally RB placed VVN in IN an DT unsaturated JJ condition NN and CC if IN the DT fill NN is VBZ poorly RB compacted VVN the DT material NN can MD fail VV in IN service NN due JJ to TO the DT effect NN of IN wetting VVG and CC drying VVG caused VVN predominately RB by IN climatic JJ change NN . SENT The DT work NN is VBZ investigating VVG the DT physical JJ processes NNS which WDT compacted JJ soils NNS experience VVP when WRB exposed VVN to TO a DT regime NN of IN wetting VVG and CC drying VVG . SENT Laboratory NN experimentation NN has VHZ provided VVN data NNS from IN which WDT a DT model NN to TO anticipate VV likely RB swelling VVG or CC shrinkage NN of IN Scottish JJ glacial JJ soils NNS is VBZ being VBG developed VVN . SENT It PP is VBZ envisaged VVN that IN the DT model NN will MD be VB used VVN to TO help VV engineers NNS make VV an DT informed JJ judgement NN in IN the DT field NN as RB to TO the DT compactive JJ effort NN required VVN to TO minimise VV swelling VVG or CC settlement NN of IN fill NN material NN . SENT The DT Organisation NP , , Economics NP and CC Introduction NN of IN Advanced NP Automation NN to TO UK NP Construction NP Engineering NP EPSRC NP research NN studentship NN , , October NP 1998 CD September NP 2001 CD M NP . SENT D SYM . SENT Taylor NP , , Dr NP I NP . SENT Smith NP and CC Dr NP S NP . SENT Wamuziri NNS Over IN the DT last JJ twenty CD years NNS , , the DT concept NN of IN automating VVG construction NN and CC civil JJ engineering NN work NN has VHZ become VVN a DT reality NN . SENT Many JJ traditional JJ site NN tasks NNS have VHP been VBN successfully RB automated VVN , , resulting VVG in IN improvements NNS in IN site NN safety NN , , efficiency NN and CC productivity NN . SENT However RB , , the DT implementation NN of IN construction NN mechatronics NNS will MD only RB be VB possible JJ if IN the DT apparent JJ risks NNS and CC benefits NNS are VBP outlined VVN clearly RB to TO potential JJ UK NP investors NNS . SENT The DT programme NN is VBZ examining VVG the DT pertinent JJ issues NNS associated VVN with IN investment NN in IN advanced JJ construction NN technology NN and CC the DT application NN of IN alternative JJ appraisal NN methodologies NNS . SENT Model NN parameters NNS are VBP derived VVN using VVG historical JJ market NN data NNS and CC stochastic JJ simulation NN . SENT The DT developed VVN investment NN methodologies NNS will MD be VB supported VVN with IN extensive JJ sensitivity NN analyses NNS . SENT The DT state NN of IN the DT art NN technology NN is VBZ reviewed VVN to TO aid VV assessment NN and CC recommendations NNS for IN transferable JJ technologies NNS . SENT The DT research NN aims VVZ to TO demonstrate VV the DT potential JJ value NN of IN automated JJ construction NN technology NN opportunities NNS and CC prevent VV myopic JJ investment NN strategies NNS through IN response NN to TO changing VVG industry NN circumstances NNS . SENT Risk NP Analysis NP Applied NP to TO Design NP and CC Management NP in IN Ground NP Engineering NP Napier NP University NP research NN studentship NN , , October NP 2000 CD September NP 2003 CD G NP Cameron NP , , Dr NP I NP . SENT Smith NP and CC Dr NP S NP . SENT Wamuziri NP Reliability NN and CC its PP$ significance NN in IN engineering NN is VBZ a DT rapidly RB growing VVG field NN , , especially RB in IN geotechnical JJ engineering NN where WRB only RB quite RB recently RB have VH explicit JJ attempts NNS been VBN made VVN to TO calculate VV and CC quantify VV risks NNS . SENT Calculation NN and CC prediction NN of IN the DT probability NN of IN structural JJ failure NN and CC the DT ensuing VVG financial JJ and CC environmental JJ consequences NNS can MD be VB applied VVN to TO proposed VVN new JJ structures NNS or CC those DT already RB existing JJ . SENT Whilst IN probabilistic JJ approaches NNS have VHP already RB been VBN applied VVN to TO geotechnical JJ problems NNS there EX is VBZ scope NN for IN the DT use NN of IN first JJ order NN reliability NN methods NNS and CC advanced JJ second JJ order NN reliability NN methods NNS in IN many JJ more JJR geotechnical JJ applications NNS . SENT The DT research NN is VBZ investigating VVG the DT application NN of IN these DT techniques NNS and CC appraising VVG their PP$ value NN over IN the DT probabilistic JJ approaches NNS . SENT When WRB risks NNS are VBP large JJ and CC the DT costs NNS of IN absolute JJ safety NN are VBP also RB large JJ , , reliability NN theory NN becomes VVZ a DT key JJ component NN in IN effective JJ design NN and CC management NN . SENT Pipe NP Soil NN Interaction NP in IN Trench NP Reinstatements NNS EPSRC NP research NN grant NN , , PCDMA NP , , Wavin NP Industrial NP Products NPS Ltd NP , , October NP 1996 CD December NP 2000 CD Dr NN . SENT C LS . SENT Fairfield NP , , I NP . SENT Hounsome NP and CC A NP . SENT Reid NP With IN the DT cable NN TV NN networks NNS now RB complete JJ in IN the DT UK NP this DT research NN project NN is VBZ coming VVG to TO an DT end NN . SENT Mr NP Hounsome NP s PP PhD NP thesis NN has VHZ been VBN examined VVN and CC final JJ amendments NNS are VBP at IN the DT checking NN stage NN . SENT Mr NP Reid NP s PP PhD NP thesis NN is VBZ now RB in IN preparation NN . SENT The DT research NN focus NN is VBZ now RB shifting VVG towards IN monitoring VVG the DT duct NN soil NN interaction NN behaviour NN in IN the DT long JJ term NN with IN a DT view NN to TO providing VVG failure NN probabilities NNS and CC likely JJ design NN life NN information NN . SENT This DT project NN is VBZ in IN a DT state NN of IN abeyance NN until IN laboratory NN provision NN is VBZ re NN established VVN in IN the DT University NP Monitoring NN Vibrotamper NP Compaction NP by IN Non JJ Destructive JJ Testing NP ICE NN R NP D NP Enabling VVG Fund NP , , October NP 1997 CD June NP 2000 CD Dr NN . SENT C LS . SENT Fairfield NP and CC M NP . SENT Zagyapan NP This DT research NN combined VVN NDT NP and CC soil NN mechanics NNS by IN using VVG the DT frequency NN of IN vibration NN of IN the DT compactor NN to TO monitor VV the DT density NN of IN the DT underlying JJ material NN . SENT Mr NP Zagyapan NP successfully RB defended VVD his PP$ MPhil NP thesis NN in IN 2000 CD following VVG field NN trials NNS combining VVG Napier NP University NP kit NN and CC spectral JJ analysis NN of IN surface NN wave NN equipment NN from IN GDS NP Limited NP . SENT Discussions NNS are VBP underway JJ with IN Aperio NP a DT Cambridge NP based VVN specialist NN NDT NP contractor NN to TO extend VV this DT research NN to TO use VV of IN ground NN probing VVG radar NN for IN high JJ speed NN road NN pavement NN surveys NNS . SENT This DT project NN is VBZ in IN a DT state NN of IN abeyance NN until IN laboratory NN provision NN is VBZ re NN established VVN in IN the DT University NP Application NN of IN Artificial JJ Neural JJ Networks NNS to TO Piled VVN Foundation NP NDT NP EPSRC NP Postgraduate NP studentship NN , , October NP 1995 CD December NP 2000 CD Dr NP J NP . SENT N NP . SENT Watson NP , , Dr NP . SENT C SYM . SENT L NP . SENT Wan NP , , Dr NP C NP . SENT Fairfield NP Prof NP . SENT A DT . SENT Sibbald NP This DT project NN is VBZ now RB complete JJ . SENT The DT field NN testing NN phase NN took VVD place NN during IN 2000 CD and CC involved VVN non JJ destructive JJ testing NN of IN installed JJ piles NNS and CC concrete NN beams VVZ at IN the DT EPSRC NP s PP soft JJ clay NN research NN site NN at IN Bothkennar NP and CC on IN Testal NP Limited NP s PP site NN owned VVN by IN piling VVG contractor NN Stent JJ near IN Kirkintilloch NP . SENT A DT successful JJ , , robust JJ portable JJ tool NN is VBZ now RB available JJ for IN the DT rapid JJ , , accurate JJ , , routine JJ inspection NN of IN piled VVN foundations NNS . SENT Development NN of IN a DT Code NP Based VVN GPS NP Land NP Surveying NN System NP Napier NP University NP , , Staff NP PhD NP , , January NP 1996 CD J NP R NP Chaundler NP The DT current JJ hardware NN and CC software NN package NN now RB forms VVZ the DT basis NN for IN running VVG a DT 4 CD th NN year NN module NN on IN GPS NP Land NP Surveying NN with IN students NNS conducting VVG a DT series NN of IN fieldwork NN and CC laboratory NN practicals NNS . SENT On IN going VVG development NN work NN is VBZ concentrated VVN on IN reducing VVG multipathing NN effects NNS . SENT To TO this DT end NN an DT in IN house NN antenna NN is VBZ being VBG developed VVN incorporating VVG choke VV rings NNS to TO eliminate VV edge NN diffraction NN and CC circular JJ polarisation NN to TO reduce VV single JJ reflections NNS . SENT Development NN of IN Risk NP Analysis NP Models NNS for IN Decision NN Making VVG in IN Project NP Economics NP and CC Management NP Napier NP University NP , , September NP 1995 CD Q NP L NP Guo NP , , Dr NP S NP C NP Wamuziri NP and CC Professor NP A NP Sibbald NP Risks NNS and CC uncertainties NNS are VBP inherent JJ in IN construction NN projects NNS . SENT The DT effects NNS of IN risk NN on IN project NN profitability NN indicators NNS are VBP of IN interest NN to TO lenders NNS , , investors NNS , , project NN managers NNS and CC client NN organisations NNS . SENT Commercial JJ software NN are VBP available JJ for IN analysis NN of IN risk NN . SENT These DT tend VVP to TO be VB based VVN on IN Monte NP Carlo NP simulation NN which WDT can MD be VB slow JJ and CC expensive JJ in IN terms NNS of IN computing NN time NN . SENT This DT project NN which WDT is VBZ nearing VVG completion NN examined VVD the DT use NN of IN computationally RB fast JJ and CC efficient JJ methods NNS such JJ as IN the DT Modified VVN Stochastic JJ Model NP and CC First NP Order NP Second NP Moment NP Methods NNS in IN analysis NN project NN risk NN . SENT This DT work NN is VBZ the DT basis NN of IN Miss NP Guo's NP PhD NP Thesis NN which WDT she PP submitted VVD to TO the DT University NP in IN March NP 2001 CD . SENT An DT oral JJ examination NN on IN the DT thesis NN is VBZ expected VVN to TO take VV place NN in IN April NP 2001 CD . SENT Strategy NP and CC Financial NP Performance NP in IN Construction NP Napier NP University NP , , October NP 1999 CD Frank NP Delaney NP , , Dr NP S NP C NP Wamuziri NP and CC I NP G NP Smith NP Strategy NP and CC Financial NP Performance NP are VBP two NN inter VV related JJ areas NNS in IN corporate JJ life NN . SENT Because IN of IN the DT influence NN of IN the DT capital NN markets NNS , , strategy NN of IN large JJ enterprises NNS is VBZ now RB to TO large JJ extent NN driven VVN by IN the DT need NN to TO satisfy VV shareholder NN demands NNS and CC city NN short JJ termism NN . SENT Many JJ construction NN organisations NNS rather RB than IN increasing VVG the DT capital NN employed VVN through IN organic JJ growth NN are VBP now RB doing VVG so RB through IN corporate JJ mergers NNS and CC acquisitions NNS . SENT This DT research NN aims VVZ to TO investigate VV whether IN size NN of IN the DT company NN is VBZ actually RB essential JJ in IN delivering VVG both DT short JJ term NN and CC long JJ term NN shareholder NN value NN . SENT The DT work NN also RB aims VVZ to TO assess VV the DT profitability NN of IN the DT industries NNS that IN form NN part NN of IN the DT supply NN chain NN to TO the DT construction NN process NN . SENT The DT profitability NN of IN constructions NNS markets NNS in IN other JJ developed VVN economies NNS will MD be VB examined VVN including VVG the DT viability NN of IN diversification NN into IN these DT markets NNS from IN a DT UK NP company NN perspective NN . SENT Improved JJ models NNS for IN assessing VVG potential JJ corporate JJ insolvency NN specifically RB for IN the DT construction NN sector NN are VBP being VBG developed VVN as IN these DT can MD assist VV senior JJ managers NNS in IN identifying VVG potential JJ take NN over IN targets NNS . SENT Transport NP Group NP Green NP Commuter NN Plans NNS . SENT Do VV They PP Work VV . SENT Scottish NP Executive NP , , October NP 1998 CD February NP 2000 CD Dr NN . SENT T NN . SENT Rye NP and CC Dr NP . SENT David NP McGuigan NP This DT 18 CD month NN project NN for IN the DT Scottish NP Executive NP Central NP Research NP Unit NP finally RB reported VVD in IN early RB 2000 CD . SENT The DT publication NN of IN the DT report NN was VBD accompanied VVN by IN a DT Ministerial JJ visit NN to TO one CD of IN the DT case NN study NN sites NNS in IN the DT project NN , , Agilent NP Technologies NPS at IN South NP Queensferry NP . SENT The DT project NN concluded VVD that IN Travel NP Plans NPS can MD work VV in IN some DT circumstances NNS but CC are VBP by IN no DT means VVZ a DT panacea NN for IN employers NNS and CC wider JJR travel NN problems NNS . SENT A DT summary NN of IN the DT research NN can MD be VB found VVN at IN www NP . SENT scotland NP . SENT gov NP . SENT uk NP The NP Organisation NP of IN Regional NP Public NP Transport NP in IN Central NP Scotland NP Napier NP University NP Research NP Studentship NN , , October NP 1997 CD C NP . SENT Moore NP , , Dr NN T NN . SENT Rye NP , , Dr NP . SENT J NP . SENT Hine NP This DT project NN is VBZ considering VVG possible JJ models NNS of IN public JJ transport NN organisation NN in IN Scotland NP . SENT The DT project NN has VHZ reviewed VVN models NNS of IN organisation NN from IN elsewhere RB in IN the DT world NN and CC carried VVD out RP empirical JJ research NN with IN local JJ authorities NNS , , operators NNS and CC SPTE NP . SENT Conclusions NNS and CC recommendations NNS for IN an DT ideal JJ organisational JJ type NN are VBP now RB being VBG carried VVN out RP . SENT Environmental NP Management NP Systems NPS and CC Green NP Transport NP Plans NPS Napier NP University NP Research NP Studentship NN , , October NP 1999 CD Ian NP Buchan NP , , Dr NN T NN . SENT Rye NP , , J NP . SENT Currie NP This DT project NN aims VVZ to TO explore VV the DT parallels NNS between IN EMS NP and CC GTPs NP , , and CC to TO produce VV recommendations NNS for IN the DT incorporation NN of IN GTPs NP into IN EMS NP . SENT A DT review NN of IN Company NP Environmental NP Reports NPS has VHZ been VBN carried VVN out RP to TO measure VV their PP$ commitment NN to TO including VVG transport NN within IN their PP$ EMS NP , , and CC further JJR in IN depth NN questionnaire NN work NN is VBZ continuing VVG on IN the DT same JJ theme NN . SENT Modelling VVG The DT Effects NNS Of IN Cycling NP and CC Walking VVG Policies NNS Napier NP University NP Research NP Studentship NN , , October NP 1999 CD Tim NP Ryley NP , , Dr NN T NN . SENT Rye NP , , Prof NP A NP . SENT Smyth NP A NP research NN studentship NN exploring VVG the DT possibilities NNS and CC constraints NNS of IN disaggregate NN modelling VVG of IN cyclist NN and CC walkers NNS travel VVP choices NNS at IN the DT local JJ level NN , , using VVG Edinburgh NP and CC Belfast NP as IN case NN studies NNS , , and CC including VVG innovative JJ analysis NN of IN Scottish JJ Household NN Survey NN data NNS . SENT Transport NP and CC the DT Personal NP Taxation NP System NP DETR NP , , June NP December NP 2000 CD Dr NN . SENT T NN . SENT Rye NN with IN Open NP University NP lead NN partner NN and CC WS NP Atkins NP This DT 2 CD part NN project NN was VBD commissioned VVN by IN DETR NP in IN collaboration NN with IN Inland NP Revenue NP and CC Treasury NP . SENT It PP builds VVZ on IN earlier JJR work NN by IN the DT team NN for IN London NP Transport NP . SENT The DT work NN has VHZ reviewed VVN and CC costed VVN a DT variety NN of IN options NNS for IN changes NNS to TO the DT personal JJ taxation NN system NN to TO stimulate VV the DT use NN of IN alternative JJ modes NNS of IN transport NN , , both CC within IN and CC outwith IN the DT context NN of IN site NN based VVN mobility NN management NN Travel NP Plans NPS . SENT Previous JJ work NN by IN the DT team NN has VHZ directly RB informed VVN changes NNS in IN Government NP fiscal JJ policy NN . SENT recommendations NNS from IN this DT report NN are VBP now RB being VBG considered VVN by IN the DT client NN team NN . SENT Second JJ Year NN Evaluation NN of IN Government NP Departments NPS Travel NP Plans NPS DETR NP , , October NP 2000 CD March NP 2001 CD Dr NN . SENT T NN . SENT Rye NN lead NN partner NN with IN Open NP University NP and CC WS NP Atkins NP DETR NP centrally RB have VHP commissioned VVN this DT 6 CD month NN project NN to TO assess VV progress NN of IN Government NP Departments NP in IN meeting VVG the DT White NP Paper NP commitment NN for IN all DT major JJ sites NNS to TO implement VV Travel NP Plans NPS . SENT The DT project NN includes VVZ evaluation NN of IN plans NNS implemented VVN in IN both DT 2000 CD and CC 1999 CD , , and CC development NN of IN a DT generic JJ evaluation NN methodology NN to TO assess VV travel NN plans NNS more RBR widely RB . SENT Tools NNS For IN Assessing VVG Consumer NP , , Business NN and CC Developer NN Responses NNS to TO Sustainable JJ Development NP Initiatives NNS EPSRC NP research NN grant NN , , September NP 1999 CD August NP 2001 CD Prof NP . SENT A DT . SENT Smyth NP grant NN holder NN , , Prof NP . SENT H NP . SENT Kirby NP , , Dr NP W NP . SENT Saleh NP , , J NP . SENT Cooper NP and CC T NN . SENT Ryley NP with IN Dr NP J NP . SENT N NP . SENT Berry NP and CC S NP . SENT McGreal NP , , University NP of IN Ulster NP This DT project NN aims VVZ to TO develop VV new JJ or CC to TO refine VV existing VVG planning NN tools NNS to TO analyse VV how WRB travel NN demand NN , , residential JJ location NN and CC business NN location NN respond VV to TO transport VV supply NN policies NNS , , urban JJ regeneration NN initiatives NNS , , housing NN supply NN location NN scenarios NNS and CC business NN land NN use NN zoning NN policies NNS . SENT The DT research NN compares VVZ two CD cities NNS of IN similar JJ size NN , , which WDT formerly RB had VHD similar JJ densities NNS and CC travel NN patterns NNS , , but CC which WDT now RB reflect VVP either DT end NN of IN the DT car NN dependence NN spectrum NN in IN the DT United NP Kingdom NP , , namely RB Belfast NP and CC Edinburgh NP . SENT The DT Effectiveness NN of IN Local NP Transport NP Strategies NP in IN Encouraging VVG Cycling NP and CC Walking VVG Napier NP University NP Research NP Studentship NN , , October NP 1998 CD October NP 2001 CD P NN . SENT Gaffron NP , , Dr NP J NP . SENT Hine NP and CC Dr NP . SENT T NN . SENT Rye NP There RB is VBZ increasing VVG recognition NN of IN the DT scope NN for IN increasing VVG the DT use NN of IN walking VVG and CC cycling VVG for IN short JJ journeys NNS . SENT A DT survey NN of IN UK NP experience NN and CC practice NN will MD be VB used VVN to TO investigate VV the DT existence NN and CC effectiveness NN of IN measures NNS and CC strategies NNS aimed VVN encouraging JJ walking NN and CC cycling NN . SENT The DT aim NN is VBZ identify VV best JJS practice NN and CC barriers NNS to TO policy NN implementation NN . SENT The DT study NN will MD also RB seek VV to TO explore VV the DT different JJ approaches NNS to TO the DT funding NN of IN schemes NNS and CC their PP$ justification NN . SENT PEDFLOW NP . SENT A DT Tool NP to TO Aid NP the DT Design NN of IN Pedestrian JJ Networks NPS and CC Facilities NPS in IN Urban NP Areas NNS EPSRC NP research NN grant NN , , September NP 1999 CD August NP 2002 CD Prof NP . SENT J NP . SENT Kerridge NP and CC Dr NP . SENT J NP . SENT Hine NP A DT new JJ agent NN based VVN model NN is VBZ being VBG developed VVN which WDT allows VVZ the DT modelling VVG of IN urban JJ pedestrian JJ environments NNS at IN the DT microscopic JJ level NN . SENT The DT model NN will MD assist VV in IN the DT specification NN of IN levels NNS of IN service NN , , design NN of IN pedestrian JJ vehicle NN interactions NNS , , the DT layout NN of IN street NN furniture NN , , the DT effect NN of IN different JJ geometrical JJ designs NNS for IN pedestrian JJ facilities NNS and CC intermodal NN transport NN interchanges VVZ . SENT The DT model NN will MD be VB designed VVN in IN a DT way NN that WDT will MD permit VV the DT investigation NN of IN what WP if IN analyses NNS of IN new JJ features NNS in IN the DT pedestrian JJ environment NN resulting VVG from IN infrastructural NN change NN . SENT Behavioural JJ rules NNS will MD be VB incorporated VVN into IN the DT model NN from IN observational JJ studies NNS of IN pedestrian JJ behavioour NN using VVG video NN combined VVN with IN questionnaire NN and CC in IN depth NN interviews NNS of IN pedestrians NNS at IN selected JJ case NN study NN locations NNS . SENT Observational JJ studies NNS of IN pedestrian JJ movement NN and CC questionnaire NN surveys NNS are VBP ongoing JJ . SENT The DT work NN is VBZ based VVN on IN a DT collaboration NN with IN City NP of IN Edinburgh NP Council NP , , City NP of IN York NP Council NP and CC Halcrow NP Fox NP . SENT Auditory JJ Location NP Finder NP ALF NP with IN Emergency NP Call NP Facility NP for IN Blind NP , , Elderly JJ and CC Visually RB Impaired VVN People NP EPSRC NP research NN grant NN , , January NP 1999 CD October NP 2001 CD Prof NP . SENT H NP . SENT Kirby NP , , Dr NP . SENT J NP . SENT Hine NP , , J NP . SENT Sharp NP , , Dr NP D NP . SENT Binnie NP , , D NP . SENT Swan NP and CC J NP . SENT Scott NP , , with IN Prof NP . SENT P NN . SENT Aspinall NP Heriot NN Watt NP University NP The DT overall JJ aim NN of IN this DT research NN is VBZ to TO develop VV and CC assess VV the DT impact NN of IN a DT system NN that WDT helps VVZ the DT blind JJ , , elderly JJ and CC visually RB impaired VVN people NNS know VVP where WRB they PP are VBP . SENT Called VVN the DT Auditory JJ Location NP Finder NP ALF NP , , it PP will MD provide VV users NNS with IN a DT device NN that WDT will MD give VV them PP information NN about IN their PP$ location NN in IN the DT built VVN environment NN via IN a DT signal NN sent VVN by IN beacons NNS . SENT The DT information NN will MD be VB conveyed VVD to TO the DT users NNS via IN an DT ear NN piece NN . SENT Each DT beacon NN along IN a DT specified JJ route NN is VBZ programmeable JJ to TO a DT discrete JJ geographical JJ area NN . SENT A DT prototype NN device NN and CC beacons NNS has VHZ been VBN developed VVN and CC a DT test NN site NN established VVN for IN the DT system NN . SENT Preliminary JJ work NN has VHZ also RB focused VVN on IN user NN needs NNS and CC the DT information NN that WDT would MD be VB found VVN useful JJ to TO help VV visually RB impaired JJ people NNS negotiate VVP the DT test NN area NN . SENT Evaluations NNS of IN the DT system NN are VBP to TO be VB conducted VVN over IN the DT next JJ 12 CD months NNS . SENT An DT Electronic NP Guide NP Dog NP How WRB New NP Technology NP Helps VVZ the DT Mobility NN Impaired VVN EPSRC NP Partnerships NNS for IN Public JJ Understanding NN , , July NP 1999 CD December NP 2000 CD Dr NP J NP . SENT Hine NP , , Prof NP . SENT H NP . SENT Kirby NP , , J NP . SENT Sharp NP , , D NP . SENT Swan NP and CC J NP . SENT Scott NP with IN Prof NP . SENT P NN . SENT Aspinall NP Heriot NN Watt NP University NP The DT aim NN of IN this DT project NN is VBZ to TO encourage VV public JJ understanding NN of IN how WRB new JJ technology NN can MD improve VV independence NN and CC mobility NN amongst IN disabled JJ and CC other JJ mobility NN impaired VVN groups NNS , , especially RB the DT visually RB impaired VVN . SENT This DT project NN provides VVZ members NNS of IN the DT ALF NP team NN to TO increase VV public JJ awareness NN of IN this DT work NN and CC its PP$ potential JJ impact NN on IN society NN . SENT The DT work NN will MD involve VV the DT direct JJ involvement NN of IN visually RB impaired JJ and CC blind JJ folded VVN sighted JJ children NNS , , supervised VVN by IN their PP$ parents NNS and CC carers NNS , , in IN a DT programme NN of IN action NN days NNS incorporating VVG diary NN keeping VVG , , video JJ making NN and CC gaming NN . SENT Children NNS will MD also RB be VB involved VVN in IN the DT testing NN of IN ALF NP . SENT A DT programme NN of IN public NN lectures VVZ and CC action NN days NNS has VHZ been VBN planned VVN . SENT These DT are VBP targeted VVN at IN the DT public JJ , , local JJ authorities NNS health NN and CC social JJ services NNS , , and CC incorporate VV an DT interactive JJ demonstration NN of IN the DT beacon NN based VVN auditory JJ location NN finder NN . SENT These DT events NNS will MD seek VV to TO demonstrate VV the DT potential JJ benefits NNS and CC value NN to TO society NN of IN this DT project NN . SENT A DT presentation NN on IN the DT proposed VVN activities NNS was VBD made VVN in IN March NP 1999 CD to TO a DT seminar NN hosted VVD by IN EPSRC NP at IN the DT Royal NP Society NP in IN London NP . SENT Interchange VV and CC Travel NP Choice NP Scottish NP Executive NP Central NP Research NP Unit NP , , February NP 1999 CD April NP 2000 CD Dr NP J NP . SENT Hine NP , , Dr NP S NP . SENT Stradling NP and CC J NP . SENT Haynes NP , , with IN P NN . SENT Murphy NP Oscar NP Faber NP and CC Dr NP M NP . SENT Wardman JJ ITS PP$ , , University NP of IN Leeds NP This DT research NN seeks VVZ to TO improve VV understanding NN of IN the DT role NN and CC effect NN of IN interchange VV on IN individual JJ travel NN behaviour NN and CC covers VVZ two CD groups NNS of IN travellers NNS of IN car NN users NNS and CC public JJ transport NN users NNS . SENT Whilst IN there EX has VHZ been VBN a DT relatively RB large JJ amount NN of IN work NN which WDT has VHZ established VVN the DT impact NN of IN interchange VV on IN public JJ transport NN demand NN , , this DT fails VVZ to TO distinguish VV between IN different JJ types NNS of IN interchange VV or CC to TO disaggregate VV the DT disbenefits NNS into IN its PP$ constituent JJ parts NNS . SENT The DT main JJ objectives NNS of IN this DT research NN are VBP . SENT to TO explore VV the DT extent NN to TO which WDT the DT reality NN and CC perception NN of IN interchange VV deters VVZ public JJ transport NN use NN , , absolutely RB and CC in IN relation NN to TO other JJ deterrents NNS . SENT to TO investigate VV how WRB public JJ transport NN users NNS perceive VVP interchange VV , , how WRB they PP make VVP choices NNS and CC trade NN offs NNS in IN travel NN cost NN and CC time NN and CC the DT influence NN of IN interchange VV attributes NNS e NN . SENT g NN . SENT information NN , , through IN ticketing VVG on IN those DT choices NNS . SENT to TO assess VV which WDT components NNS of IN interchange VV act NN as IN the DT greatest JJS deterrent NN to TO travel VV . SENT and CC , , to TO assess VV the DT extent NN to TO which WDT interchange VV penalties NNS vary VVP according VVG to TO journey NN purpose NN , , distance NN and CC time NN of IN travel NN or CC other JJ factors NNS . SENT A DT literature NN review NN , , focus NN groups NNS and CC in IN depth NN interviews NNS have VHP been VBN undertaken VVN , , the DT next JJ stage NN of IN work NN including VVG stated JJ preference NN surveys NNS of IN public JJ transport NN and CC car NN users NNS is VBZ currently RB underway JJ . SENT The DT Role NN of IN Transport NP in IN Social NP Exclusion NN in IN Urban NP Scotland NP Scottish NP Executive NP Central NP Research NP Unit NP , , October NP 1999 CD January NP 2001 CD Dr NP J NP . SENT Hine NP , , F NP . SENT Mitchell NP and CC J NP . SENT Haynes NP The DT overall JJ purpose NN of IN the DT research NN is VBZ to TO provide VV a DT better JJR understanding NN of IN the DT role NN that IN transport NN plays NNS in IN social JJ exclusion NN in IN urban JJ Scotland NP , , and CC to TO identify VV appropriate JJ strategies NNS to TO improve VV accessibility NN to TO key JJ destinations NNS and CC improve VV the DT quality NN of IN life NN for IN groups NNS currently RB experiencing VVG social JJ exclusion NN . SENT Specifically RB the DT aims NNS of IN this DT research NN are VBP 1 CD to TO review VV existing VVG empirical JJ research NN on IN the DT contribution NN of IN transport NN to TO social JJ exclusion NN 2 CD to TO examine VV the DT differential JJ effects NNS of IN transport NN disadvantage NN on IN different JJ groups NNS in IN the DT population NN 3 CD to TO collect VV primary JJ evidence NN on IN the DT nature NN of IN transport NN disadvantage NN in IN urban JJ areas NNS , , including VVG the DT peripheral JJ estates NNS of IN Scottish JJ cities NNS and CC to TO investigate VV its PP$ effects NNS on IN exclusion NN , , and CC 4 LS to TO identify VV and CC assess VV the DT available JJ options NNS for IN addressing VVG the DT transport NN needs VVZ of IN socially RB excluded VVN groups NNS in IN peripheral JJ estates NNS . SENT This DT work NN has VHZ been VBN completed VVN a DT full JJ report NN on IN the DT household NN survey NN and CC a DT literature NN review NN have VHP been VBN produced VVN . SENT Begging VVG Questions NNS . SENT The DT Effects NNS of IN Street NP People NNS on IN Quantitative JJ and CC Qualitative JJ Levels NP of IN Service NP Napier NP University NP Research NP Studentship NN , , November NP 1999 CD November NP 2002 CD M NP . SENT Carreno NP , , Dr NP . SENT J NP . SENT Hine NP , , Dr NP . SENT A DT . SENT Willis NP and CC Dr NP . SENT S NP . SENT Stradling NP This DT study NN will MD run VV alongside IN the DT PEDFLOW NP grant NN awarded VVD by IN the DT EPSRC NP under IN their PP$ Sustainable JJ Cities NPS Programme NN . SENT The DT project NN will MD be VB concerned VVN with IN the DT developing VVG behavioural JJ rules NNS for IN different JJ vulnerable JJ groups NNS of IN pedestrians NNS in IN selected JJ case NN study NN areas NNS . SENT The DT work NN will MD use VV observational JJ techniques NNS plus CC in IN depth NN interviews NNS and CC questionnaire NN surveys NNS to TO support VV the DT development NN of IN behavioural JJ rules NNS for IN the DT PEDFLOW NP microsimulation NN model NN . SENT Road NP Use NP Pricing NN Levels NP . SENT Technically RB Optimal JJ or CC Politically RB Feasible JJ . SENT DETR NP research NN studentship NN , , October NP 1999 CD S NP ona NP Farrell NP , , Dr NP . SENT Wafaa NP Saleh NP , , Prof NP . SENT Mike NP Maher NP Where WRB price NN controls NNS are VBP used VVN , , a DT reduction NN in IN traffic NN flows NNS into IN the DT controlled JJ area NN is VBZ achieved VVN and CC a DT revenue NN stream NN is VBZ generated VVN . SENT The DT underlying JJ principle NN is VBZ that IN charges NNS should MD be VB related VVN to TO marginal JJ social JJ costs NNS , , including VVG external JJ costs NNS . SENT Therefore RB , , an DT optimal JJ road NN charge NN should MD reflect VV the DT difference NN between IN the DT marginal JJ cost NN of IN trip NN making VVG and CC the DT average JJ cost NN . SENT That DT can MD only RB be VB achieved VVN if IN a DT congestion NN based VVN pricing NN system NN is VBZ adopted VVN . SENT However RB , , with IN other JJ systems NNS eg NN . SENT cordon VV based VVN systems NNS it PP is VBZ likely JJ that IN the DT charging VVG system NN would MD be VB phased VVN in IN gradually RB with IN a DT low JJ common JJ charging VVG level NN to TO ensure VV public JJ and CC political JJ acceptance NN . SENT Although IN this DT may MD achieve VV its PP$ limited JJ targets NNS in IN terms NNS of IN reducing VVG traffic NN congestion NN , , it PP may MD also RB generate VV new JJ traffic NN into IN the DT managed VVN area NN from IN within IN the DT cordon NN and CC or CC from IN outside IN the DT cordon NN if IN the DT price NN of IN other JJ modes NNS of IN travel NN eg NN . SENT buses NNS or CC taxis NNS would MD offer VV a DT cheaper JJR alternative NN to TO the DT priced VVN car NN trip NN . SENT The DT main JJ aim NN of IN the DT project NN is VBZ to TO investigate VV how WRB the DT optimal JJ implementation NN of IN road NN use NN pricing NN schemes NNS . SENT To TO achieve VV that IN , , a DT pilot NN questionnaire NN has VHZ taken VVN place NN on IN a DT small JJ sample NN of IN the DT population NN in IN the DT city NN of IN Edinburgh NP UK NP . SENT Also RB some RB network VV modelling VVG have VH been VBN carriedout JJ using VVG test NN networks NNS . SENT Modelling VVG the DT Effect NN of IN Technological NP Change NP on IN New NP Car NP Fuel NN Consumption NN DETR NP , , month NN 1999 CD to TO month NN 1999 CD Prof NP . SENT H NP . SENT Kirby NP , , Prof NP . SENT T NN . SENT Muneer NP , , Dr NP W NP . SENT Saleh NP , , A NP . SENT Esteves NP and CC B NP . SENT Hutton NP with IN the DT Department NP of IN Fuel NN and CC Energy NP , , University NP of IN Leeds NP A DT model NN , , called VVN COFFIN NN , , has VHZ been VBN devised VVN to TO estimate VV the DT effects NNS of IN technological JJ change NN on IN fuel NN consumption NN and CC on IN carbon NN dioxide NN emissions NNS . SENT Following VVG a DT literature NN review NN and CC discussions NNS with IN manufacturers NNS , , information NN on IN the DT effects NNS and CC likely JJ penetration NN rates NNS of IN different JJ technological JJ options NNS were VBD used VVN to TO modify VV the DT forecasts NNS of IN an DT underlying JJ trend NN model NN of IN fuel NN consumption NN rates NNS of IN new JJ cars NNS . SENT COFFIN NN is VBZ also RB designed VVN for IN use NN with IN the DT Department NP s NN Vehicle NN Market NP Model NP VMM NP . SENT However RB , , the DT fuel NN consumption NN rates NNS in IN the DT VMM NP are VBP based VVN on IN driving VVG cycles NNS that WDT are VBP no RB longer RBR used VVN , , and CC those DT in IN COFFIN NN are VBP based VVN on IN the DT newer JJR driving NN cycles NNS . SENT Therefore RB a DT methodology NN has VHZ been VBN developed VVN that WDT should MD enable VV the DT different JJ approaches NNS to TO be VB reconciled VVN . SENT Probit NP based VVN Methods NNS in IN Traffic NN Assignment NN and CC Discrete JJ Choice NN Modelling VVG Napier NP University NP , , November NP 1997 CD A NP . SENT Rosa NP , , Prof NP . SENT M NP . SENT J NP . SENT Maher NP and CC Dr NP . SENT W NP . SENT Saleh NP . SENT This DT project NN aims VVZ at IN applying VVG analytical JJ methods NNS for IN solving VVG the DT probit JJ choice NN function NN to TO develop VV a DT path NN based VVN model NN for IN Stochastic JJ User NP Equilibrium NN SUE VV traffic NN assignment NN with IN variable JJ demand NN and CC a DT multinomial NN probit NN calibration NN program NN . SENT Recent JJ work NN has VHZ focused VVN on IN testing VVG several JJ probit NN approximation NN methods NNS and CC a DT numerical JJ integration NN method NN , , on IN applying VVG them PP to TO investigate VV new JJ path NN based VVD SUE VV algorithms NNS and CC on IN using VVG some DT of IN them PP in IN a DT probit JJ calibration NN program NN to TO investigate VV the DT parameter NN s PP retrievability NN and CC the DT possible JJ multimodality NN of IN the DT likelihood NN function NN . SENT Stochastic JJ User NP Equilibrium NN Assignment NN with IN Elastic JJ Demand NN EPSRC NP research NN grant NN , , November NP 1997 CD March NP 2000 CD Dr NN . SENT K NP S NP Kim NP , , Dr NP . SENT X SYM . SENT Zhang NP and CC Prof NP . SENT M NP . SENT J NP . SENT Maher NP This DT project NN developed VVD new JJ , , efficient JJ algorithms NNS for IN the DT solution NN of IN the DT Stochastic JJ User NP Equilibrium NN traffic NN assignment NN problem NN with IN elastic JJ demand NN SUEED NN . SENT The DT work NN builds VVZ on IN the DT results NNS from IN a DT previous JJ EPSRC NP funded JJ research NN grant NN on IN the DT development NN and CC testing VVG of IN SUE VV algorithms NNS , , particularly RB with IN probit NN loading NN . SENT New JJ algorithms NNS for IN solving VVG the DT problem NN of IN SUEED NP have VHP been VBN developed VVN , , the DT simplest JJS and CC most RBS efficient JJ of IN which WDT is VBZ the DT Balanced JJ Demand NN Algorithm NN BDA NP . SENT Tests NNS on IN both DT hypothetical JJ and CC real JJ networks NNS have VHP confirmed VVN that IN the DT algorithms NNS perform VVP much RB more RBR efficiently RB than IN the DT well RB known VVN alternative NN of IN the DT Method NN of IN Successive JJ Averages NNS MSA NP . SENT The DT work NN shows VVZ that IN the DT solution NN of IN SUEED NP is VBZ no DT more RBR difficult JJ to TO obtain VV than IN that DT of IN SUE VV . SENT Further JJR work NN has VHZ been VBN done VVN in IN which WDT the DT SUE VV assignment NN is VBZ combined VVN with IN variable NN as IN distinct JJ from IN simple JJ elastic JJ demand NN using VVG the DT same JJ basic JJ approach NN . SENT Efficient JJ Algorithms NNS for IN the DT Solution NN of IN the DT Congested VVN Matrix NN Estimation NN EPSRC NP research NN grant NN , , July NP 1998 CD December NP 2000 CD Dr NN . SENT X SYM . SENT Zhang NP and CC Prof NP . SENT M NP . SENT J NP . SENT Maher NP , , with IN Dr NP . SENT D SYM . SENT Van NP Vliet NP and CC Dr NP . SENT Ronghui NP Liu NP both CC University NP of IN Leeds NP The DT objective NN of IN this DT project NN is VBZ to TO develop VV methods NNS for IN the DT simultaneous JJ solution NN of IN the DT matrix NN estimation NN ME PP and CC assignment NN problems NNS . SENT The DT ME FW method NN is VBZ that IN of IN General JJ Least JJS Squares NNS , , whilst IN both DT UE NN and CC SUE VV assignment NN has VHZ been VBN used VVN . SENT Two CD new JJ algorithms NNS have VHP been VBN developed VVN and CC tested VVN on IN networks NNS of IN various JJ sizes NNS . SENT These DT algorithms NNS have VHP also RB been VBN used VVN to TO solve VV the DT mathematically RB similar JJ problem NN of IN traffic NN signal NN optimisation NN and CC assignment NN problem NN . SENT The DT tests NNS have VHP shown VVN that IN the DT algorithms NNS are VBP convergent JJ and CC efficient JJ . SENT The DT matrix NN estimation NN algorithms NNS have VHP been VBN implemented VVN in IN the DT SATURN NP suite NN . SENT Obtaining VVG a DT Global JJ Optimum JJ for IN the DT TRANSYT NP Performance NP Index NP Napier NP University NP research NN studentship NN , , October NP 1997 CD T NN . SENT Frame NN , , Prof NP . SENT M NP . SENT J NP . SENT Maher NP and CC Dr NP B NP . SENT Paechter NP School NP of IN Computing NP The DT purpose NN of IN the DT TRANSYT NP model NN is VBZ to TO determine VV the DT optimum JJ signal NN settings NNS in IN a DT road NN network NN such JJ that IN the DT Performance NP Index NP is VBZ minimised VVN . SENT The DT conventional JJ method NN is VBZ a DT simple JJ but CC old JJ fashioned VVN hillclimbing NN technique NN . SENT This DT research NN investigated VVD the DT performance NN of IN more JJR modern JJ optimisation NN techniques NNS in IN particular JJ genetic JJ algorithms NNS GAs NN . SENT Although IN conventionally RB TRANSYT NP deals NNS with IN fixed JJ demand NN data NNS , , the DT GA NP approach NN adopted VVD here RB allows VVZ readily RB for IN demand NN to TO be VB variable JJ . SENT With IN the DT inclusion NN of IN variable JJ demand NN , , signal NN optimisation NN becomes VVZ a DT non JJ linear JJ , , bi NP level NN problem NN and CC the DT optimum JJ settings NNS are VBP required VVN to TO be VB in IN equilibrium NN with IN the DT user NN demands NNS . SENT Development NN of IN Efficient JJ Algorithms NNS to TO Determine VV Minimal JJ Revenue NP Toll NP Sets VVZ EPSRC NP research NN studentship NN , , October NP 2000 CD K NP . SENT Stewart NP , , Prof NP . SENT M NP . SENT J NP . SENT Maher NP and CC Prof NP . SENT A DT . SENT Smyth NP This DT project NN aims VVZ to TO develop VV new JJ efficient JJ algorithms NNS to TO determine VV toll NN sets NNS which WDT are VBP required VVN to TO produce VV particular JJ desired VVN flow NN patterns NNS , , specifically RB those DT producing VVG system NN optimal JJ flows NNS whilst IN minimising VVG revenue NN . SENT The DT work NN builds VVZ on IN preliminary JJ work NN undertaken VVN for IN an DT MSc NP dissertation NN to TO develop VV a DT procedure NN to TO determine VV minimal JJ revenue NN tolls NNS for IN multiple JJ origin NN networks NNS which WDT result VVP in IN system NN optimal JJ flow NN patterns NNS , , assuming VVG deterministic JJ user NN equilibrium NN . SENT This DT work NN will MD be VB extended VVN to TO develop VV algorithms NNS to TO determine VV such JJ toll NN sets NNS in IN the DT case NN of IN Stochastic JJ User NP Equilibrium NN SUE VV , , and CC also RB to TO include VV elastic JJ demand NN SUEED NN . SENT In IN all DT cases NNS it PP is VBZ aimed VVN to TO produce VV solutions NNS which WDT do VVP not RB require VV full JJ path NN enumeration NN . SENT It PP is VBZ aimed VVN to TO test VV developed VVN algorithms NNS on IN small JJ test NN networks NNS , , and CC the DT Sioux NP Falls NP and CC Headingley NP Networks NPS . SENT The DT Role NN of IN Logistical JJ Structure NN in IN the DT Potential JJ for IN the DT Development NP of IN Rail NP Freight NP Services NPS in IN Great NP Britain NP Staff NP PhD NP , , 1995 CD 2000 CD A DT . SENT Woodburn NP , , Dr NP R NP . SENT McQuaid NP and CC Prof NP M NP . SENT J NP . SENT Maher NP The DT primary JJ aims NNS of IN this DT research NN completed VVN in IN September NP 2000 CD was VBD to TO examine VV the DT interaction NN between IN logistical JJ structure NN and CC freight NN modal JJ choice NN , , to TO determine VV the DT extent NN to TO which WDT rail NN s PP mode NN share NN can MD be VB increased VVN . SENT The DT approach NN adopted VVN was VBD a DT combined JJ one NN , , involving VVG postal JJ questionnaire NN survey NN and CC in IN depth NN company NN interviews NNS . SENT Also RB , , databases NNS of IN rail NN freight NN flows NNS were VBD constructed VVN and CC analysed VVN for IN the DT years NNS 1991 CD , , 1997 CD , , 1998 CD , , 1999 CD and CC 2000 CD . SENT Significant JJ potential NN for IN modal JJ shift NN was VBD found VVN to TO exist VV though IN obstacles NNS were VBD also RB identified VVN for IN many JJ types NNS of IN movement NN , , relating VVG to TO both DT supply NN and CC demand NN side NN factors NNS . SENT Building NN Surveying NN Group NP Statistical NP Econometric JJ Analysis NN of IN Primary JJ Data NP of IN Sub NP Saharan JJ Africa NP Urban NP Property NP Markets NPS . SENT a DT Case NP Study NP of IN Accra NP RICS NP Educational NP Trust NP , , Staff NP PhD NP , , 1997 CD 2000 CD A DT . SENT Antwi NP This DT project NN investigated VVD the DT fundamental JJ forces NNS behind IN informal JJ and CC haphazard JJ property NN development NN in IN neighbourhoods NNS of IN Accra NP , , Ghana NP . SENT This DT involved VVD the DT design NN of IN appropriate JJ research NN instruments NNS , , and CC the DT collection NN and CC analysis NN of IN primary JJ data NNS of IN informal JJ property NN transactions NNS in IN selected JJ neighbourhoods NNS of IN Accra NP . SENT The DT field NN work NN was VBD undertaken VVN between IN 5 CD July NP 10 CD September NP 1999 CD and CC yielded VVD responses NNS from IN some DT 275 CD households NNS , , 9 CD customary JJ landowners NNS and CC 8 CD real JJ estate NN consultants NNS in IN the DT market NN . SENT Analysis NN of IN responses NNS revealed VVN , , inter VV alia NP , , estimates VVZ of IN the DT economic JJ costs NNS of IN government NN intervention NN in IN the DT land NN market NN of IN the DT city NN . SENT The DT Final NP Report NP was VBD submitted VVN to TO RICS NP in IN September NP 2000 CD . SENT E NP Cham NP Project NP Teaching NN Company NP Directorate NP and CC A DT Proctor NP Group NP Ltd NP , , August NP 1999 CD July NP 2001 CD Prof NP . SENT B SYM . SENT Sloan NP , , B NP . SENT K NP . SENT Low JJ and CC R NN . SENT Hamill NP The DT objective NN of IN this DT Teaching NN Company NN Scheme NN project NN is VBZ to TO implement VV improved JJ business NN processes NNS supported VVN by IN strategic JJ applications NNS of IN IT PP solutions NNS . SENT The DT first JJ phase NN 12 CD months NNS of IN the DT project NN involves VVZ the DT identification NN of IN IT PP needs VVZ within IN the DT company NN , , purchasing VVG of IN IT PP hardware NN and CC support NN software NN , , together RB with IN the DT training NN of IN staff NN . SENT The DT second JJ phase NN 12 CD months NNS involves VVZ the DT establishment NN of IN a DT MIS NNS to TO support VV the DT core JJ functions NNS of IN the DT company NN , , together RB with IN an DT analysis NN of IN the DT needs NNS of IN the DT company NN to TO establish VV an DT internet NN presence NN ProC NP E NP Com NN Project NP Royal NP Institution NP of IN Chartered JJ Surveyors NNS Research NP Foundation NP , , April NP 1998 CD Prof NP . SENT B SYM . SENT Sloan NP and CC B NP . SENT K NP . SENT Low RB The DT objective NN of IN this DT project NN was VBD to TO produce VV a DT leading JJ edge NN report NN on IN electronic JJ commerce NN and CC its PP$ implications NNS for IN property NN and CC construction NN professionals NNS . SENT The DT output NN report NN was VBD published VVN in IN May NP 2000 CD by IN the DT RICS NP Research NP Foundation NP under IN their PP$ Research NP Review NP Series NP as IN Current JJ developments NNS in IN electronic JJ commerce NN . SENT What WP it PP means VVZ for IN the DT property NN and CC construction NN industry NN ISBN NP 1 CD 84219 CD 0148 CD . SENT Further JJR output NN was VBD achieved VVN in IN the DT form NN of IN a DT video JJ programme NN for IN the DT Television NP Education NP Network NP TEN CD as IN part NN of IN their PP$ continuing JJ professional JJ development NN provision NN . SENT Building NP Environmental NP Quality NP Evaluation NN for IN Sustainability NN through IN Time NP BEQUEST NN Network NP ECEnvironment NP and CC Climate NN Research NN Programme NN , , Research NP Theme NN 4 CD . SENT Human JJ Dimension NN of IN Environmental NP Change NP Unit NP D NP . SENT 1 LS . SENT 4 CD City NP of IN Tomorrow NP and CC Cultural NP Heritage NP , , contract NN number NN ENV NP 4 CD CT NP 97 CD 607 CD . SENT M NP . SENT Deakin NP , , Prof NP . SENT S NP . SENT Allwinkle NP This DT concerted JJ action NN aims VVZ to TO lay VV the DT foundations NNS of IN a DT common JJ EU NP understanding NN of IN sustainable JJ urban JJ development NN through IN a DT multi NNS disciplinary JJ network NN of IN representatives NNS of IN all DT actors NNS involved VVN in IN the DT provision NN , , use NN and CC maintenance NN of IN the DT built VVN environment NN . SENT An DT integrated JJ approach NN to TO built VVN environment NN quality NN assessment NN is VBZ being VBG developed VVN which WDT will MD help VV to TO reduce VV the DT environmental JJ uncertainty NN facing VVG decision NN makers NNS in IN the DT development NN and CC infrastructure NN industries NNS . SENT A DT Novel NP Solar NP Pre NP Heating NN System NN for IN Positive JJ Input NN Ventilation NN of IN Buildings NNS NuAire NP Home NP Ventilation NN , , November NP 1999 CD J NP . SENT I PP . SENT Currie NP This DT work NN , , carried VVD out RP with IN NuAire NP Holdings NPS Ltd NP , , aims VVZ to TO develop VV a DT novel NN solar JJ pre NP heating NN system NN for IN positive JJ input NN ventilation NN of IN dwellings NNS . SENT The DT Design NP of IN Shallow NP Profile NN Walls NP for IN Reducing VVG Sound NP Transmission NP Teaching NN Company NP Directorate NP and CC the DT Proctor NP Group NP , , 1998 CD 2001 CD Prof NP R NP K NP Mackenzie NP , , Dr NP M NP Stewart NP and CC C NP Steel NP The DT project NN has VHZ investigated VVN the DT effects NNS of IN varying VVG the DT geometry NN of IN wall NN panel NN laminates NNS manufactured VVN from IN rigid JJ cellular JJ foam NN and CC in IN particular JJ the DT influence NN upon IN the DT flexural JJ bending VVG wave NN at IN the DT critical JJ frequency NN . SENT A DT patent NN was VBD published VVN in IN Feb NN 2000 CD and CC two CD new JJ products NNS Proctor NP Microwall NP and CC Proctor NP Refurbwall NP are VBP now RB in IN production NN . SENT The DT Design NP of IN Impact NP Sound NP Resisting VVG Floor NN Panels NNS Proctor NP Group NP , , 1999 CD 2001 CD Prof NP R NP K NP Mackenzie NP and CC T NN Waters NP Fuller NP The DT project NN has VHZ investigated VVN the DT use NN of IN flexible JJ open JJ cell NN polymer NN foam NN arrays VVZ as IN a DT means NN of IN isolating JJ impact NN sound NN in IN shallow JJ profile NN hardwood NN floors NNS . SENT The DT research NN has VHZ been VBN supported VVN by IN a DT 25 CD , , 000 CD grant NN from IN the DT Proctor NP Group NP . SENT The DT Modelling VVG of IN Sound NP Transmission NP through IN Lightweight JJ Walls NP Using VVG Statistical NP Energy NP Analysis NP S NP . SENT E SYM . SENT A DT . SENT Teaching VVG Company NP Directorate NP and CC the DT Proctor NP Group NP , , 1998 CD 2001 CD Dr NP M NP Stewart NP , , C NP Steel NP and CC Prof NP R NP K NP Mackenzie NP The DT project NN has VHZ investigated VVN the DT application NN of IN S NP . SENT E SYM . SENT A DT methods NNS to TO predict VV the DT sound JJ insulation NN of IN ribbed VVN wall NN panels NNS . SENT An DT MPhil NP thesis NN C NP . SENT Steel NN based VVN upon IN the DT research NN has VHZ been VBN completed VVN awaiting VVG examination NN . SENT The DT work NN has VHZ been VBN support NN by IN a DT 90 CD , , 000 CD grant NN made VVN under IN the DT Teaching NN Company NN Scheme NN . SENT A DT Review NP of IN Current JJ Sound JJ Insulation NN Performance NN in IN Scottish NP Domestic NP Construction NP Scottish NP Executive NP , , 2000 CD 2001 CD Dr NP S NP Smith NP , , R NP G NP Mackenzie NP , , Prof NP R NP K NP Mackenzie NP and CC M NP Adams NP The DT project NN has VHZ investigated VVN the DT sound JJ insulation NN performance NN of IN walls NNS and CC floors NNS of IN existing VVG Scottish JJ domestic JJ construction NN under IN current JJ standards NNS and CC those DT involving VVG the DT new JJ ISO NP rating NN procedure NN , , with IN particular JJ reference NN to TO the DT performance NN at IN low JJ frequencies NNS and CC the DT applicability NN of IN the DT C NP weighting NN term NN . SENT The DT work NN has VHZ been VBN supported VVN by IN a DT grant NN of IN 10 CD , , 000 CD from IN the DT Scottish NP Executive NP . SENT The DT Application NN of IN Open JJ Cell NN Foam NN in IN the DT Design NN of IN Wall NP Panels NNS for IN Improving VVG Sound JJ Insulation NN in IN Buildings NNS Dow NP Chemical NP Company NP , , 2000 CD 2001 CD Prof NP R NP K NP Mackenzie NP and CC Dr NP S NP Smith NP The DT project NN has VHZ investigated VVN the DT use NN of IN semi NN rigid JJ , , open JJ cell NN polymer NN foam NN laminated VVN to TO plasterboard NN as IN a DT means NN of IN improving VVG the DT sound JJ insulation NN of IN walls NNS and CC floors NNS . SENT The DT work NN has VHZ been VBN supported VVN by IN 10 CD , , 000 CD funding NN from IN the DT Dow NP Chemical NP Company NP , , SECTION NN 3 CD . SENT PUBLICATIONS NNS ADDISON NP P NN . SENT S PP . SENT , , 2000 CD The DT geometry NN of IN prefractal JJ renormalisation NN . SENT application NN to TO crack VV surfaces VVZ . SENT Fractals NP , , 2000 CD , , 18 CD 2 CD , , 147 CD 153 CD . SENT ADDISON NP P NN . SENT S PP . SENT , , A NP . SENT S NP . SENT NDUMU NP and CC B NP . SENT QU NP 2000 CD A DT fast RB non JJ Fickian NP particle NN tracking VVG diffusion NN simulator NN and CC the DT effect NN of IN shear NN on IN the DT pollutant NN diffusion NN process NN . SENT International NP Journal NP for IN Numerical JJ Methods NNS in IN Fluids NNS , , 34 CD , , 145 CD 166 CD . SENT ADDISON NP P NN . SENT S PP . SENT , , B NP . SENT QU NP and CC G NP . SENT PENDER NP , , 2000 CD A DT fractal JJ model NN of IN ocean NN surface NN superdiffusion NN . SENT In IN . SENT Paradigms NNS of IN Complexity NN . SENT Fractals NNS and CC Structures NNS in IN the DT Sciences NPS , , M NP . SENT M NP . SENT Novak NP Editor NP , , World NP Scientific NP , , Singapore NP , , 2000 CD , , pp RB 147 CD 145 CD . SENT ADDISON NP P NN . SENT S PP . SENT , , J NP . SENT I PP . SENT CURRIE NP , , D NP . SENT J NP . SENT LOW JJ and CC J NP . SENT M NP . SENT McCANN NP , , 2000 CD An DT integrated JJ approach NN to TO street NN canyon NN pollution NN modelling VVG . SENT Environmental JJ Monitoring NN and CC Assessment NP , , 65 CD , , 333 CD 342 CD . SENT ADDISON NP P NN . SENT S PP . SENT , , J NP . SENT N NP . SENT WATSON NP , , G NP . SENT R SYM . SENT CLEGG NP , , M NP . SENT HOLZER NP , , F NP . SENT STERZ NP and CC C NP . SENT E SYM . SENT ROBERTSON NP 2000 CD A NP Novel NP wavelet NN based VVN analysis NN reveals VVZ hidden JJ structure NN in IN ventricular JJ fibrillation NN . SENT IEEE NP Engineering NP in IN Medicine NP and CC Biology NN , , 2000 CD , , 19 CD 4 CD , , 383 CD 392 CD . SENT ADDISON NP P NN . SENT S PP . SENT , , L NP . SENT T NN . SENT DOUGAN NP and CC W NP . SENT M NP . SENT C SYM . SENT McKENZIE NP , , 2000 CD The DT prefractal JJ nature NN of IN concrete JJ failure NN . SENT 14 CD th NN ASCE NP Engineering NP Mechanics NNS Conference NP , , Austin NP , , Texas NP , , May NP 21 CD 24 CD , , 2000 CD . SENT ADDISON NP P NN . SENT S PP . SENT , , L NP . SENT T NN . SENT DOUGAN NP , , A NP . SENT S NP . SENT NDUMU NP and CC W NP . SENT M NP . SENT C SYM . SENT McKENZIE NP , , 2000 CD A DT fractional JJ Brownian NP motion NN model NN of IN cracking VVG . SENT In IN . SENT Paradigms NNS of IN Complexity NN . SENT Fractals NNS and CC Structures NNS in IN the DT Sciences NPS , , M NP . SENT M NP . SENT Novak NP Editor NP , , World NP Scientific NP , , Singapore NP , , pp NP 117 CD 123 CD . SENT ANTWI NP , , A NP . SENT 2000 CD , , Economic NP rationality NN and CC informal JJ urban JJ land NN transactions NNS . SENT some DT evidence NN from IN Accra NP , , Ghana NP . SENT Proc NP . SENT Cutting VVG Edge NP Conference NP , , RICS NP , , London NP , , 6 CD 8 CD September NP . SENT ANTWI NP , , A NP . SENT 2000 CD , , Rent NP seeking VVG waste NN in IN urban JJ land NN transactions NNS in IN Accra NP , , Ghana NP . SENT Development NP Studies NPS Association NP of IN Scotland NP Study NP Group NP , , University NP of IN Strathclyde NP , , Glasgow NP , , 2 CD December NP . SENT ANTWI NP , , A NP . SENT and CC B NP . SENT K NP . SENT LOW RB 2000 CD , , Brains NNS over IN Brawn NP . SENT com NN , , Estates NNS Gazette NN , , March NP 18 CD . SENT p NN . SENT 131 CD . SENT BROWN JJ R NN . SENT D SYM . SENT , , G NP . SENT DRUMMOND NP and CC P NN . SENT S NP . SENT ADDISON NP , , 2000 CD Chaotic JJ response NN of IN a DT short JJ journal NN bearing NN . SENT Proc NP . SENT I PP . SENT Mech NP . SENT E SYM . SENT , , Part NP J NP . SENT Journal NP of IN Engineering NP Tribology NN , , 214 CD , , 387 CD 400 CD . SENT CELIKEL NP N NP . SENT and CC W NP . SENT SALEH NP 2000 CD , , Evaluation NN of IN employer NN based VVN travel NN demand NN management NN measures NNS . SENT University NP Transport NP Studies NPS Groups NNS annual JJ conference NN , , University NP of IN Liverpool NP . SENT CLEGG NP G NP . SENT R SYM . SENT , , P NN . SENT S NP . SENT ADDISON NP , , J NP . SENT N NP . SENT WATSON NP , , M NP . SENT HOLZER NP , , F NP . SENT STERZ NP and CC C NP . SENT E SYM . SENT ROBERTSON NP , , 2000 CD Hidden NP structure NN revealed VVD in IN ventricular JJ fibrillation NN using VVG a DT wavelet NN decomposition NN based VVN analysis NN , , Journal NP of IN Accident NP and CC Emergency NP Medicine NP , , 17 CD , , p NN 59 CD . SENT Abstract JJ of IN the DT paper NN that WDT won VVD the DT Prize NP Section NN of IN the DT Annual NP Scientific NP Meeting VVG of IN the DT Faculty NN of IN Accident NP and CC Emergency NP Medicine NP , , Royal NP College NP of IN Physicians NPS , , London NP , , 3 CD 4 CD December NP , , 1999 CD . SENT CRAIK NP R NP . SENT J NP . SENT M NP . SENT and CC SMITH NN R NN . SENT S NP . SENT 2000 CD Sound JJ transmission NN through IN double JJ leaf NN lightweight JJ partitions NNS . SENT Part VV I PP Airborne JJ sound NN . SENT Applied NP Acoustics NNS , , Volume NN 61 CD , , No RB . SENT 2 LS . SENT CRAIK NP R NP . SENT J NP . SENT M NP . SENT and CC SMITH NN R NN . SENT S NP 2000 CD Sound NN transmission NN through IN double JJ leaf NN lightweight JJ partitions NNS . SENT Part NP II NP Structure NN borne VVN sound NN . SENT Applied NP Acoustics NNS , , Vol NP . SENT 61 CD , , No RB . SENT 2 LS . SENT DEAKIN NP , , M NP . SENT 2000 CD The DT development NN of IN property NN asset NN management NN . SENT towards IN a DT pro JJ investment NN form NN . SENT Journal NP of IN Financial NP Management NP for IN Property NP and CC Construction NP , , 5 CD 1 CD 2 CD , , 15 CD 32 CD DEAKIN NP , , M NP . SENT 2000 CD The DT Transition NN to TO Property NP Management NP . SENT Chandos NP Publishing NP , , Oxford NP . SENT DELANEY NP F NN . SENT , , S NP . SENT WAMUZIRI NP , , and CC I PP . SENT G NP . SENT N NP . SENT SMITH NN 2000 CD , , Assessment NP of IN financial JJ ratio NN models NNS for IN predicting VVG corporate JJ insolvency NN , , 2 CD nd NN Int NP . SENT Conference NN on IN Decision NN Making VVG in IN Urban NP and CC Civil NP Engineering NP , , 1063 CD 1074 CD , , Lyon NP , , France NP . SENT DOUGAN NP L NP . SENT T NN . SENT , , P NN . SENT S NP . SENT ADDISON NP and CC W NP . SENT M NP . SENT C SYM . SENT McKENZIEe NP , , 2000 CD Fractal NP analysis NN of IN fracture NN . SENT a DT comparison NN of IN dimension NN estimates NNS . SENT Mechanics NNS Research NP Communications NP , , 27 CD 4 CD , , 383 CD 392 CD . SENT FRINGUELLINO NP M NP . SENT and CC SMITH NN R NN . SENT S NP . SENT 2000 CD Sound JJ transmission NN through IN perforated JJ brick NN structures NNS . SENT Journal NP of IN Building NP Acoustics NNS , , Volume NN 6 CD , , No RB . SENT 3 CD 4 CD . SENT FRINGUELLINO NP M NP . SENT , , SMITH NN R NN . SENT S NP . SENT and CC PONTILLO NP M NP . SENT 2000 CD Statistical NP energy NN analysis NN as IN a DT prediction NN design NN tool NN in IN building NN acoustics NNS . SENT In IN Italian JJ Rivista NP Italiana NP di NP Acustica NP . SENT Vol NP . SENT 2 LS . SENT GRIECO NP , , M NP . SENT , , HINE NP , , J NP . SENT and CC TURNER NN , , J NP . SENT 2000 CD , , Transport NP and CC social JJ exclusion NN . SENT Electronic JJ Ontologies NNS Stream NP , , 8 CD th NN International JJ Colloquium NN of IN the DT Asia NP Pacific NP Researchers NNS in IN Organisational JJ Studies NPS APROS NP , , Sydney NP , , Australia NP , , 14 CD 17 CD December NP . SENT GRIECO NP , , M NP . SENT , , TURNER NN , , J NP . SENT and CC HINE NP , , J NP . SENT 2000 CD , , Transport NP , , employment NN and CC social JJ exclusion NN . SENT Local JJ Work NN Monthly JJ Briefing NN from IN the DT Centre NP for IN Local NP Economic NP Strategies NP , , 26 CD . SENT no DT page NN spans NNS GUO NP Q NP . SENT L NN . SENT , , MAHER NP M NP . SENT J NP . SENT and CC WAMUZIRI NP S NP . SENT 2000 CD Risk NN analysis NN in IN construction NN networks NNS using VVG a DT modified JJ stochastic JJ assignment NN model NN . SENT Civil NP Engineering NP and CC Environmental NP Systems NPS Journal NP . SENT HERITAGE NN I NN . SENT and CC F NP . SENT M NP . SENT KHALAF NP 2000 CD , , Direct JJ electrical JJ curing VVG of IN concrete NN . SENT 10 CD th NN BCA NP Conference NP on IN Higher JJR Education NN and CC the DT Concrete JJ Industry NN , , 69 CD 80 CD . SENT HERITAGE NN I NN . SENT , , F NP . SENT M NP . SENT KHALAF NP and CC J NP . SENT WILSON NP 2000 CD , , Thermal JJ acceleration NN of IN concrete NN using VVG direct JJ electrical JJ curing VVG . SENT American JJ Concrete JJ Institute NP Materials NPS Journal NP , , 97 CD 1 CD , , 1 CD 4 CD . SENT HINE NP J NP . SENT , , RYE NN T NN . SENT and CC HULSE NP M NP . SENT 1999 CD Using VVG land NN use NN planning VVG to TO manage VV transport NN demand NN . SENT a DT survey NN of IN Scottish JJ experience NN . SENT Traffic NP Engineering NP Control NP , , 40 CD 6 CD , , 329 CD 334 CD . SENT HINE NP , , J NP . SENT 2000 CD , , Transport NP and CC social JJ inclusion NN . SENT Presentation NN to TO the DT City NP Challenge NP Partnership NP and CC City NP of IN Edinburgh NP Council NP , , 9 CD th NN October NP , , Craigmillar NP Festival NP Society NP , , Edinburgh NP . SENT HINE NP , , J NP . SENT 2000 CD , , Transport NP and CC social JJ inclusion NN . SENT Visiting VVG Speakers NNS Seminar NN at IN the DT School NP of IN Planning NP and CC Housing NP , , 3 CD rd NNS November NP , , Edinburgh NP College NP of IN Art NP Heriot NN Watt NP University NP , , Edinburgh NP . SENT HINE NP , , J NP . SENT P NN . SENT 2000 CD , , Integration NP , , integration NN , , integration NN planning NN for IN sustainable JJ and CC integrated JJ transport NN systems NNS in IN the DT new JJ millenium NP . SENT Journal NP of IN Transport NP Policy NP , , 7 CD 3 CD , , 175 CD 177 CD . SENT HINE NP , , J NP . SENT P NN . SENT 2000 CD , , Review NP of IN Travel NP Data NP Sources NNS , , Paper NP presented VVD to TO Meeting VVG of IN Transport NP Statistics NPS User NP Group NP , , Transport NP Research NP Institute NP , , Napier NP University NP , , Edinburgh NP , , 5 CD th NN April NP . SENT HINE NP , , J NP . SENT P NN . SENT and CC SCOTT NP , , J NP . SENT 2000 CD , , Seamless JJ , , accessible JJ travel NN . SENT making VVG a DT public JJ transport NN journey NN more RBR like IN a DT car NN journey NN , , Journal NP of IN Transport NP Policy NP , , 7 CD 3 CD , , 217 CD 226 CD . SENT HINE NP , , J NP . SENT P NN . SENT , , and CC MITCHELL NP , , F NP . SENT 2000 CD , , The DT role NN of IN transport NN in IN social JJ exclusion NN in IN urban JJ Scotland NP . SENT Final JJ Report NP to TO Scottish NP Executive NP by IN Transport NP Research NP Institute NP , , Napier NP University NP , , December NP . SENT HINE NP , , J NP . SENT P NN . SENT , , GAFFRON NP , , P NN . SENT and CC MITCHELL NP , , F NP . SENT 2000 CD , , The DT role NN of IN transport NN in IN social JJ exclusion NN in IN urban JJ Scotland NP literature NN review NN . SENT Final JJ Report NP to TO Scottish NP Executive NP by IN Transport NP Research NP Institute NP , , Napier NP University NP , , February NP . SENT HINE NP , , J NP . SENT P NN . SENT , , RYE NN , , T NN . SENT and CC HULSE NP , , M NP . SENT 2000 CD , , Using VVG planning NN to TO manage VV transport NN demand NN . SENT a DT survey NN of IN Scottish JJ experience NN , , Local NP Environment NP , , 5 CD 1 CD , , 33 CD 55 CD . SENT HINE NP , , J NP . SENT P NN . SENT , , SWAN NN , , D NP . SENT , , SCOTT NP , , J NP . SENT , , BINNIE NP , , D NP . SENT and CC SHARP JJ , , J NP . SENT 2000 CD , , Using VVG technology NN to TO overcome VV the DT tyranny NN of IN space NN information NN provision NN and CC wayfinding NN . SENT Urban NP Studies NPS , , Special JJ Issue NN on IN Intelligent JJ Urban NP Development NP . SENT the DT Emergence NN of IN Wired VVN Government NP and CC Administration NP , , 37 CD 10 CD 1757 CD 1770 CD . SENT LOW JJ B NP . SENT K NP and CC SLOAN NP B NP . SENT 2000 CD A DT perspective NN on IN the DT digital JJ service NN industry NN for IN building NN professionals NNS . SENT Automation NN in IN Construction NP , , 10 CD 2 CD , , December NP , , pp NP 229 CD 237 CD ISSN NP 0926 CD 5805 CD MACKENZIE NP R NP K NP . SENT 2000 CD Sound JJ deadening VVG floor NN construction NN the DT use NN of IN multi NNS density NN polymer NN foam NN to TO improve VV impact NN sound NN insulation NN . SENT J NP . SENT Patents NNS and CC Designs NNS , , UK NP Patent NP GB NP 2325259 NP B NP , , Publ NP Date NN 23 CD Feb NN 2000 CD , , p NN 14 CD , , Int NP Cl NP E NP 04 CD F NN 15 CD 20 CD MACKENZIE NP R NP K NP . SENT and CC STEWART NP M NP . SENT A DT . SENT 2000 CD A DT prediction NN of IN the DT dynamic JJ stiffness NN of IN resilient JJ interlayers NNS with IN calculated JJ values NNS obtained VVN from IN the DT measured VVN acceleration NN response NN . SENT J NP . SENT Building NN Acoustics NNS , , 7 CD 4 CD , , pp RB 297 CD 313 CD . SENT ISBN NNS 1351 CD 010 CD X NP MAHER NP M NP . SENT J NP . SENT and CC ZHANG NP X NP . SENT Route NN choice NN to TO maximise VV the DT probability NN of IN arrival NN within IN a DT specified JJ time NN . SENT In IN . SENT Reliability NN of IN Transport NP Networks NPS eds NPS . SENT M NP . SENT G NP . SENT H NP . SENT Bell NP and CC C NP . SENT Cassir NP , , Research NP Studies NPS Press NP ISBN NP 0863802605 CD . SENT MAHER NP M NP . SENT J NP . SENT and CC ZHANG NP X NP . SENT 2000 CD Formulation NN and CC algorithms NNS for IN the DT problem NN of IN stochastic JJ user NN equilibrium NN assignment NN with IN elastic JJ demand NN . SENT 8 CD th NN EURO NP Working NP Group NP meeting NN on IN Transportation NP , , Rome NP , , September NP 2000 CD . SENT MAHER NP M NP . SENT J NN . SENT , , ZHANG NP X NP . SENT and CC VAN NP VLIET NP D NP . SENT 2001 CD A NP bi NP level NN programming NN approach NN for IN trip NN matrix NN estimation NN and CC traffic NN control NN problems NNS with IN stochastic JJ user NN equilibrium NN link NN flows NNS . SENT Transportation NP Research NP 35 CD 1 CD , , 23 CD 40 CD . SENT McDOUGALL NP , , J NP . SENT R SYM . SENT 2000 CD Towards IN a DT more RBR comprehensive JJ analysis NN of IN landfill NN settlement NN . SENT Proc NP . SENT Waste NP 2000 CD , , Warwick NP , , Oct NP 2000 CD , , ed NP . SENT C SYM . SENT McLardy NP , , Waste NP Conference NP Ltd NP , , University NP of IN Warwick NP Science NP Park NP , , Coventry NP , , UK NP , , p NN 85 CD 94 CD . SENT McDOUGALL NP , , J NP . SENT R SYM . SENT and CC I PP . SENT C LS . SENT PYRAH NP 2000 CD , , Bio NP geotechnics NNS of IN landfill NN settlement NN , , Wastes VVZ Management NP , , IWM NP Journal NP , , October NP 2000 CD , , pp NP . SENT 42 CD 44 CD . SENT McDOUGALL NP , , J NP . SENT R SYM . SENT and CC I PP . SENT C LS . SENT PYRAH NP 2000 CD , , States NPS of IN saturation NN and CC flow NN as IN key JJ inputs NNS in IN modelling VVG the DT biodegradation NN of IN waste NN refuse NN . SENT Proc NP . SENT Unsaturated JJ Soils NNS for IN Asia NP , , Singapore NP , , May NP 2000 CD , , pp NP . SENT 477 CD 482 CD . SENT MURRAY NP K NP . SENT B SYM . SENT and CC P NN . SENT S NP . SENT ADDISON NP , , 2000 CD Wavelet NN analysis NN of IN an DT unsteady JJ wake NN flow NN . SENT 14 CD th NN ASCE NP Engineering NP Mechanics NNS Conference NP , , Austin NP , , Texas NP , , May NP 21 CD 24 CD , , 2000 CD . SENT NDUMU NP A NP . SENT S NP . SENT and CC P NN . SENT S NP . SENT ADDISON NP , , 2000 CD Stochastic JJ subsurface JJ flow NN and CC transport NN in IN fractal JJ conductivity NN fields NNS . SENT In IN . SENT Paradigms NNS of IN Complexity NN . SENT Fractals NNS and CC Structures NNS in IN the DT Sciences NPS , , M NP . SENT M NP . SENT Novak NP Editor NP , , World NP Scientific NP , , Singapore NP , , pp NP 155 CD 165 CD . SENT NDUMU NP A NP . SENT S PP . SENT , , P NN . SENT S NP ADDISON NP and CC I NP . SENT C SYM . SENT PYRAH NP , , 2000 CD Monte NP Carlo NP simulation NN of IN flow NN and CC transport NN within IN long JJ range NN fractal JJ velocity NN fields NNS . SENT 14 CD th NN ASCE NP Engineering NP Mechanics NNS Conference NP , , Austin NP , , Texas NP , , May NP 21 CD 24 CD , , 2000 CD . SENT NESNAS NP , , K NP . SENT , , and CC I PP . SENT C LS . SENT PYRAH NP 2000 CD , , A DT stress NN strain NN relationship NN to TO solve VV the DT singularity NN resulting VVG from IN coupling NN the DT yield NN surfaces VVZ of IN Barcelona NP model NN . SENT Proc NP . SENT Unsaturated JJ Soils NNS for IN Asia NP , , Singapore NP , , May NP 2000 CD , , pp NP . SENT 243 CD 248 CD . SENT NESNAS NP , , K NP . SENT , , and CC I PP . SENT C LS . SENT PYRAH NP 2000 CD , , Undrained JJ conditions NNS of IN unsaturated JJ soil NN using VVG an DT integral JJ form NN of IN the DT constraints NNS and CC full JJ Newton NP Raphson NP procedure NN . SENT Proc NP . SENT Unsaturated JJ Soils NNS for IN Asia NP , , Singapore NP , , May NP 2000 CD , , pp NP . SENT 249 CD 253 CD . SENT NG NP K NP H NN . SENT , , FAIRFIELD NP C NP . SENT A DT . SENT and CC SIBBALD NP A NP . SENT 2000 CD , , A DT statistical JJ approach NN to TO brickwork NN arch NN bridge NN assessment NN , , Proc NP . SENT 6 CD th NN Int NP . SENT Conf NP . SENT Structural JJ Masonry NN for IN Developing VVG Countries NP , , Bangalore NP , , India NP . SENT . SENT POTTER VV S NP . SENT and CC RYE NN . SENT T NN 1999 CD , , Tax NP and CC green JJ transport NN plans NNS . SENT a DT survey NN of IN UK NP experience NN . SENT Transport NP Policy NP 6 CD , , 197 CD 205 CD . SENT POTTER NN S NP . SENT , , BLACK JJ . SENT C NP , , RYE NN T NN . SENT and CC ENOCH NP M NP . SENT 2000 CD The NP Potential JJ for IN Further JJ Changes NP to TO the DT Personal JJ Taxation NP Regime NN to TO Encourage VV Modal JJ Shift NN . SENT Stage NN 1 CD Report NP . SENT Report NN to TO DETR NP , , London NP . SENT RYE NN T NN . SENT Contributing VVG author NN to TO DETR NP 1999 CD Guide NP for IN Businesses NNS on IN the DT Costs NNS and CC Benefits NP of IN GTPs NP , , DETR NP , , London NP . SENT RYE NN T NN . SENT 1999 CD Employer NN attitudes NNS to TO employer NN transport NN plans NNS . SENT a DT comparison NN of IN UK NP and CC Dutch JJ experience NN . SENT Transport NP Policy NP 6 CD , , 183 CD 196 CD RYE NN T NN . SENT The DT development NN of IN Green NP Transport NP Plans NPS . SENT lessons NNS from IN the DT Netherlands NP Paper NP to TO Transportation NP Research NP Board NP Conference NP , , Washington NP DC NP , , January NP 2000 CD . SENT RYE NN , , T NN . SENT AND CC McGUIGAN NP , , D NP . SENT Green JJ Commuter NN Plans NNS Do VVP They PP Work VV . SENT Final JJ report NN to TO Scottish NP Executive NP Central NP Research NP Unit NP , , Edinburgh NP . SENT RYE NN T NN . SENT , , POTTER VV S NP . SENT , , BLACK JJ C NP . SENT and CC TAYLOR NP A NP . SENT Making VVG the DT business NN case NN for IN GTPs NP . SENT is VBZ a DT knowledge NN of IN costs NNS and CC benefits NNS enough RB . SENT Transportation NP Research NP Board NP conference NN , , Washington NP DC NP , , January NP 2000 CD . SENT RYE NN T NN . SENT , , POTTER VV S NP . SENT , , BLACK JJ . SENT C NP and CC ENOCH NP M NP . SENT Changing VVG the DT tax NN system NN to TO promote VV mobility NN management NN . SENT a DT win NN . SENT win VV . SENT win VV for IN employers NNS , , staff NN and CC Governments NNS . SENT Paper NN to TO THINK VV UP RP Thematic JJ Network NP , , Vienna NP , , 3 CD 4 CD December NP 2000 CD RYE NN T NN . SENT , , SAUNDERS NP J NP . SENT , , ELIKEL NP N NP . SENT A DT . SENT and CC SALEH NP , , W NP . SENT 1999 CD Edinburgh NP City NP Car NP Club NP goes VVZ live JJ . SENT World NP Transport NP Policy NP and CC Practice NN , , September NP . SENT SALEH NP W NP . SENT 2000 CD , , Urban NP road NN use NN pricing NN . SENT technically RB optimal JJ or CC politically RB feasible JJ . SENT University NP Transport NP Studies NPS Groups NNS annual JJ conference NN , , University NP of IN Liverpool NP . SENT SALEH NP W NP . SENT 2000 CD , , Measuring VVG attitudes NNS to TO road NN use NN pricing NN using VVG theory NN of IN planned JJ behaviour NN . SENT 9 CD th NN International NP Association NP for IN Travel NP Behaviour NN , , Gold NP Coast NP , , Australia NP . SENT SCOTT NP , , J NP . SENT , , HINE NP , , J NP . SENT P NN . SENT , , ASPINALL NP , , P NN . SENT , , SWAN NN , , D NP . SENT SHARP JJ , , J NP . SENT and CC BINNIE NP , , D NP . SENT 2000 CD , , Wayfinding NP . SENT Cues NNS , , clues NNS and CC information NN needs NNS . SENT Proc NP . SENT 10 CD th NN International NP Mobility NN Conference NP , , 4 CD th NN 7 CD th NN August NP , , University NP of IN Warwick NP . SENT SLOAN NP B NP . SENT 2000 CD Current JJ developments NNS in IN internet NN based VVN electronic JJ data NNS interchange VV EDI NP and CC the DT implications NNS for IN the DT construction NN industry NN . SENT Property NP Management NP , , 4 CD 2 CD , , pp RB 23 CD 30 CD ISSN NP 1648 CD 0635 CD SLOAN NP B NP . SENT 2000 CD Internet NN Editorial NN . SENT Facilities NNS , , 18 CD 13 CD 14 CD , , MCB NP Press NP , , November NP December NP 2000 CD , , p NN 495 CD ISSN NP 0263 CD 2772 CD SLOAN NP B NP . SENT 2000 CD Property NP Management NP , , 4 CD 2 CD Zavadskas NP E NP , , Sloan NP B NP and CC Kaklauskas NP A NP eds NPS . SENT , , Vilnius NP Technika NP , , Lithuania NP , , 58 CD p NN ISSN NP 1648 CD 0635 CD SLOAN NP B NP . SENT 2000 CD Current JJ developments NNS in IN electronic JJ commerce NN . SENT a DT review NN for IN the DT property NN and CC construction NN industry NN . SENT Television NP Education NP Network NP , , London NP , , April NP , , 32 CD pp NP SLOAN NP B NP . SENT 2000 CD Current JJ developments NNS in IN electronic JJ commerce NN . SENT what WP it PP means VVZ for IN the DT property NN and CC construction NN industry NN . SENT RICS NP Research NP Review NP Series NP , , RICS NP Research NP Foundation NP , , London NP , , May NP , , 26 CD pp NP ISBN NP 1 CD 84219 CD 0148 CD SLOAN NP B NP . SENT 2000 CD Internet NN Editorial NN , , Facilities NP , , 18 CD 10 CD 11 CD 12 CD , , MCB NP Press NP , , September NP October NP 2000 CD , , pp RB 338 CD 339 CD ISSN NP 0263 CD 2772 CD SLOAN NP B NP . SENT 2000 CD Internet NN Editorial NN . SENT Facilities NNS , , 18 CD 1 CD 2 CD , , MCB NP Press NP , , January NP February NP 2000 CD , , pp RB 6 CD 7 CD ISSN NP 0263 CD 2772 CD SLOAN NP B NP . SENT 2000 CD Internet NN Editorial NN . SENT Facilities NNS , , 18 CD 3 CD 4 CD , , MCB NP Press NP , , March NP April NP 2000 CD , , pp RB 100 CD 101 CD ISSN NP 0263 CD 2772 CD SMITH NN R NN . SENT S PP . SENT , , POMPOLI NP R NP . SENT and CC FAUSTI NP P NN . SENT 2000 CD An DT investigation NN into IN the DT reproducibility NN results NNS of IN the DT European JJ ILT NP programme NN . SENT Journal NP of IN Building NP Acoustics NNS , , Volume NN 6 CD , , No RB . SENT 3 CD 4 CD . SENT SMITH NN R NN . SENT S NP . SENT 2000 CD PTB NP Report NP . SENT Theoretical JJ investigation NN of IN the DT inter VV laboratory NN results NNS on IN sound JJ transmission NN through IN heavy JJ solid JJ walls NNS . SENT July NP 2000 CD . SENT STEWART NP M NP . SENT W NN . SENT , , SMITH NN R NN . SENT S PP . SENT , , RIBICHINI NP F NP . SENT and CC FRINGUELLINO NP M NP . SENT 2000 CD The DT role NN of IN auditory JJ neural JJ input NN in IN SIDS NPS . SENT a DT review NN and CC hypothesis NN . SENT Prenatal JJ and CC Neonatal JJ Medicine NN , , Vol NP . SENT 5 CD 1 CD . SENT STRADLING NP , , S NP . SENT , , HINE NP , , J NP . SENT P NN . SENT and CC WARDMAN NP , , M NP . SENT 2000 CD , , Physical NP , , cognitive JJ and CC affective JJ effort NN in IN travel NN mode NN choices NNS , , Travel NP Mode NP Choice NP Symposium NN , , International NP Conference NP on IN Traffic NP and CC Transport NP Psychology NP , , Berne NP , , 4 CD th NN 7 CD th NN September NP . SENT SWAN NN , , D NP . SENT , , SHARP JJ , , J NP . SENT BINNIE NP , , D NP . SENT , , HINE NP , , J NP . SENT P NN . SENT , , SCOTT NP , , J NP . SENT and CC ASPINALL NP , , P NN . SENT 2000 CD , , The DT Development NP of IN a DT Beacon NP Based VVN Auditory JJ Location NP Finder NP ALF NP , , Proc NP . SENT 10 CD th NN International NP Mobility NN Conference NP , , 4 CD th NN 7 CD th NN August NP , , University NP of IN Warwick NP . SENT . SENT TAYLOR NP M NP . SENT D SYM . SENT , , S NP . SENT C SYM . SENT WAMUZIRI NP and CC I NP . SENT G NP . SENT N NP . SENT SMITH NN 2000 CD , , Analysis NN of IN risk NN in IN construction NN automation NN investment NN . SENT 17 CD th NN International JJ Symposium NN on IN Automation NN and CC Robotics NP in IN Construction NP , , 109 CD 115 CD , , Taipei NP , , Taiwan NP . SENT WARDMAN NP , , M NP . SENT , , HINE NP , , J NP . SENT P NN . SENT and CC STRADLING NP , , S NP . SENT 2000 CD , , Interchange VV and CC travel VV choice NN . SENT Volume NN 1 CD . SENT Final JJ Report NP to TO Scottish NP Executive NP , , Institute NP for IN Transport NP Studies NPS University NP of IN Leeds NP and CC Transport NP Research NP Institute NP , , Napier NP University NP , , March NP . SENT WARDMAN NP , , M NP . SENT , , HINE NP , , J NP . SENT P NN . SENT and CC STRADLING NP , , S NP . SENT 2000 CD , , Interchange VV and CC travel VV choice NN . SENT Volume NN 2 CD . SENT Final JJ Report NP to TO Scottish NP Executive NP , , Institute NP for IN Transport NP Studies NPS University NP of IN Leeds NP and CC Transport NP Research NP Institute NP , , Napier NP University NP , , March NP . SENT WATSON NP J NP . SENT N NN . SENT , , P NN . SENT S NP . SENT ADDISON NP , , G NP . SENT R SYM . SENT CLEGG NP , , M NP . SENT HOLZER NP , , F NP . SENT STERZ NP and CC C NP . SENT E SYM . SENT ROBERTSON NP , , 2000 CD Evaluation NN of IN arrhythmic JJ ECG NP Signals NNS using VVG a DT novel NN wavelet NN transform VV method NN . SENT Resuscitation NN , , 43 CD 2 CD , , 121 CD 127 CD . SENT WATSON NP J NP . SENT N NN . SENT , , P NN . SENT S NP . SENT ADDISON NP and CC A NP . SENT SIBBALD NP , , 2000 CD Temporal JJ filtering VVG of IN NDT NP data NNS using VVG wavelet NN transforms VVZ . SENT 14 CD th NN ASCE NP Engineering NP Mechanics NNS Conference NP , , Austin NP , , Texas NP , , May NP 21 CD 24 CD , , 2000 CD . SENT WILLIS NP , , A NP . SENT , , KUKLA NP , , R NN . SENT , , HINE NP , , J NP . SENT P NN . SENT , , and CC KERRIDGE NP , , J NP . SENT 2000 CD , , Developing VVG behavioural JJ rules NNS for IN an DT agent NN based VVN model NN of IN pedestrian JJ movement NN , , European NP Transport NP Conference NP , , September NP , , Cambridge NP . SENT ZAGYAPAN NP M NP . SENT and CC FAIRFIELD NP C NP . SENT A DT . SENT 2000 CD , , The DT use NN of IN continuous JJ surface NN wave NN and CC impact NN techniques NNS to TO measure VV the DT stiffness NN and CC density NN of IN trackbed JJ materials NNS , , Proc NP . SENT 3 CD rd JJ Int NP . SENT Conf NP . SENT Railway NP Engineering NP , , London NP . SENT ZAGYAPAN NP M NP . SENT , , BENSALEM NP A NP . SENT , , SIBBALD NP A NP . SENT and CC FAIRFIELD NP C NP . SENT A DT . SENT 2000 CD , , Measurement NN of IN granular JJ fill NN compaction NN using VVG low JJ frequency NN vibration NN testing NN , , J NP . SENT Low JJ Frequency NN Noise NN , , Vibration NN Active JJ Control NP , , 19 CD 3 CD , , 151 CD 169 CD . SENT